1. A method of cleaning oil-based mud (OBM) filter cake particles from a hydrocarbon reservoir wellbore comprising:
drilling a wellbore in a hydrocarbon reservoir with an OBM;
forming a filter cake of OBM particles over at least part of the wellbore;
contacting the OBM and filter cake with at least one surfactant and a polar liquid to form in situ an in-situ fluid selected from the group consisting of a miniemulsion, a nanoemulsion, a microemulsion in equilibrium with excess oil or water or both (Winsor III) and a single phase microemulsion (Winsor IV), and thereby incorporating at least a portion of the oil in the filter cake particles into the in-situ fluid.
2. The method of claim 1 where the at least one surfactant is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants, surfactants containing a non-ionic spacer-arm central extension and an ionic or nonionic polar group, and mixtures thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 where in the surfactants, the nonionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of alkyl polyglycosides, sorbitan esters, amine ethoxylates, diamine ethoxylates, methyl glucoside esters, polyglycerol esters, alkyl ethoxylates, alcohol that have been polypropoxylated andor ethoxylated; the anionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of alkali metal alkyl sulfates, alkyl or alkylaryl sulfonates, linear or branched alkyl ether sulfates and sulfonates, alcohol polypropoxylated andor polyethoxylated sulfates, alkyl or alkylaryl disulfonates, alkyl disulfates, alkyl sulphosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfates, linear and branched ether sulfates; the cationic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of arginine methyl esters, alkanolamines, and alkylenediamides, and mixtures thereof, and surfactants containing a non-ionic spacer-arm central extension and an ionic or nonionic polar group.
4. The method of claim 1 where the in-situ fluid further comprises brine containing salts selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts, organic salts and combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 where the in-situ fluid is a thermodynamically stable, macroscopically homogeneous mixture of at least three components, where the three components comprise: a polar phase from the polar liquid, a nonpolar phase from the OBM or filter cake and the at least one surfactant.
6. The method of claim 1 where the filter cake particles are selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, hematite, ilmenite, magnesium tetroxide, manganous oxide, iron carbonate, magnesium oxide, barium sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 where the in-situ fluid further comprises an acid selected from the group consisting of mineral acids and organic acids.
8. The method of claim 7 further comprising generating the acid in situ.
9. A method of cleaning oil-based mud (OBM) filter cake particles from a hydrocarbon reservoir wellbore comprising:
drilling a wellbore in a hydrocarbon reservoir with an OBM;
forming a filter cake of OBM particles over at least part of the wellbore;
pumping into the wellbore a gravel pack carrier brine comprising:
sized gravel,
at least one surfactant, and
a polar liquid;
placing a gravel pack into the wellbore;
contacting the OBM and filter cake with the gravel pack carrier brine to form in situ an in-situ fluid selected from the group consisting of a miniemulsion, a nanoemulsion, a microemulsion, and a single phase microemulsion, and thereby incorporating at least a portion of the oil from the OBM into the in-situ fluid by solubilization without circulating the well;
changing the wettability of the filter cake particles from oil-wet to water-wet allowing the in-situ fluid to contact the filter cake for a period of time as a soak solution; and
removing a majority of the filter cake particles.
10. The method of claim 9 where the at least one surfactant is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants, surfactants containing a non-ionic spacer-arm central extension and an ionic or nonionic polar group, and mixtures thereof.
11. The method of claim 10 where in the surfactants, the nonionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of alkyl polyglycosides, sorbitan esters, amine ethoxylates, diamine ethoxylates, methyl glucoside esters, polyglycerol esters, alkyl ethoxylates, alcohol that have been polypropoxylated andor ethoxylated; the anionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of alkali metal alkyl sulfates, alkyl or alkylaryl sulfonates, linear or branched alkyl ether sulfates and sulfonates, alcohol polypropoxylated andor polyethoxylated sulfates, alkyl or alkylaryl disulfonates, alkyl disulfates, alkyl sulphosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfates, linear and branched ether sulfates; the cationic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of arginine methyl esters, alkanolamines, and alkylenediamides, and mixtures thereof, and surfactants containing a non-ionic spacer-arm central extension and an ionic or nonionic polar group.
12. The method of claim 9 where the in-situ fluid further comprises brine containing salts selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts, organic salts and combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 9 where the in-situ fluid is a thermodynamically stable, macroscopically homogeneous mixture.
14. The method claim 9 where the filter cake particles are selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, hematite, ilmenite, magnesium tetroxide, manganous oxide, iron carbonate, magnesium oxide, barium sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
15. The method of claim 9 where the in-situ fluid further comprises an acid selected from the group consisting of mineral acids and organic acids.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising generating the acid in situ.
17. A method of cleaning oil-based mud (OBM) filter cake particles from a hydrocarbon reservoir wellbore comprising:
drilling a wellbore in a hydrocarbon reservoir with an OBM;
forming a filter cake of OBM particles over at least part of the wellbore;
contacting the OBM and filter cake with at least one surfactant and a brine to form in situ an in-situ fluid selected from the group consisting of a miniemulsion, a nanoemulsion, a microemulsion in equilibrium with excess oil or water or both (Winsor III) and a single phase microemulsion (Winsor IV), and thereby incorporating at least a portion of the oil in the filter cake particles into the in-situ fluid,
where the in-situ fluid is a thermodynamically stable, macroscopically homogeneous mixture of at least three components, where the three components comprise: brine, a nonpolar phase from the OBM or filter cake and the at least one surfactant, and where the filter cake particles are selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, hematite, ilmenite, magnesium tetroxide, manganous oxide, iron carbonate, magnesium oxide, barium sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
18. The method of claim 17 where the at least one surfactant is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants, surfactants containing a non-ionic spacer-arm central extension and an ionic or nonionic polar group, and mixtures thereof.
19. The method of claim 18 where in the surfactants, the nonionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of alkyl polyglycosides, sorbitan esters, amine ethoxylates, diamine ethoxylates, methyl glucoside esters, polyglycerol esters, alkyl ethoxylates, alcohol that have been polypropoxylated andor ethoxylated; the anionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of alkali metal alkyl sulfates, alkyl or alkylaryl sulfonates, linear or branched alkyl ether sulfates and sulfonates, alcohol polypropoxylated andor polyethoxylated sulfates, alkyl or alkylaryl disulfonates, alkyl disulfates, alkyl sulphosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfates, linear and branched ether sulfates; the cationic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of arginine methyl esters, alkanolamines, and alkylenediamides, and mixtures thereof, and surfactants containing a non-ionic spacer-arm central extension and an ionic or nonionic polar group.
20. The method of claim 17 where the in-situ fluid further comprises an acid selected from the group consisting of mineral acids and organic acids.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for sharing data between tasks in a distributed data processing system, said method comprising:
acquiring, by a first task, from said data processing system, control information including a memory handle to be used by a second task in accessing data contained within an address space of said first task;
transferring said control information to an area of memory shared by said first task and said second task;
transferring said control information from said shared memory area to said second task which has its own address space, wherein said address space of said first task is accessible employing, in part, said control information;
modifying an address space of said second task, based on said control information, by allowing said second task access to said address space of said first task, so as to allow said second task access to said data in said first task’s address space, said modifying creating an extended address space of said second task; and
copying, employing a single copy operation, said data from the extended address space of said second task, associated with said data in said first task’s address space, to a destination address space of said second task.
2. The method of claim 1 further including:
determining the size of said data; and
performing the method only when the size of the data exceeds a defined threshold.
3. The method of claim 1 further including:
notifying said first task, through said control information in said shared memory area, that said second task is finished with data transfer and that the shared memory area is available.