1. A method for estimating a resistance in at least one phase winding in a reluctance machine, the method comprising:
receiving a signal indicating a voltage across the at least one phase winding;
receiving a signal indicating a current through the at least one phase winding;
estimating a magnetic flux in response to the voltage signal and the current signal; and
estimating the resistance in the phase winding in accordance with a phase relation between the current signal and the magnetic flux estimate;
wherein the resistance estimation further comprises:
determining a relation or a difference value between the magnetic flux estimate and the current signal; and
adjusting the estimated resistance depending on the difference value or the relationship value;
wherein the adjustment of the estimated resistance comprises:
determining a phase difference between the magnetic flux estimate and the current signal; or
determining an amplitude of the magnetic flux estimate at a predetermined amplitude level of the current signal.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
adjusting the magnetic flux estimation using the estimated resistance.
3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
establishing a mutual position between a first and a second part of a reluctance machine in response to the current signal and the magnetic flux estimate.
4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: establishing a current reference value in response to a torque reference value and the magnetic flux estimate.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the resistance estimation further comprises:
determining a relation or a difference value between the magnetic flux estimate and the current signal; and
adjusting the estimated resistance depending on the difference value or the relationship value.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the adjustment of the estimated resistance influences a subsequently produced magnetic flux estimate so that the absolute value of the difference value is minimized.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the adjustment of the estimated resistance comprises:
increasing the estimated resistance when the difference value has a first sign and reducing the estimated resistance when the difference value has a second sign.
8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating a winding temperature value on a basis of said estimated resistance.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said winding temperature value is based on information including:
the phase winding resistance at a certain temperature; and
a temperature coefficient for a material in said phase winding.
10. A device for estimating a resistance in at least one phase winding in a reluctance machine having at least two mutually movable parts, said phase winding having an inductance which depends on the mutual position of the parts; the device comprising:
an input for receiving a signal indicating a voltage across the at least one phase winding;
an input for receiving a signal indicating a current through the at least one phase winding;
a microprocessor; and
a memory having a computer program to direct the microprocessor to perform a process of estimating an instantaneous resistance; wherein
the microprocessor is coupled to the memory and to the signal inputs such that, during execution of the computer program, the microprocessor performs the process of
receiving a signal indicating a voltage across the at least one phase winding,
receiving a signal indicating a current through the at least one phase winding;
estimating a magnetic flux in response to the voltage signal and the current signal; and
estimating the resistance in the phase winding in accordance with a phase relation between the current signal and the magnetic flux estimate during execution of the estimate;
wherein the resistance estimation further comprising:
determining a relation or a difference value between the magnetic flux estimate and the current signal; and
adjusting the estimated resistance depending on the difference value or the relationship value;
wherein the adjustment of the estimated resistance comprises:
determining a phase difference between the magnetic flux estimate and the current signal; or
determining an amplitude of the magnetic flux estimate at a predetermined amplitude level of the current signal.
11. A computer program product for estimating a resistance in at least one phase winding in a reluctance machine having at least two mutually movable parts, said phase winding having an inductance which depends on the mutual position of the parts; the computer program product comprising:
a recording medium; and
a computer program recorded on the recording medium to direct a microprocessor to perform the process of;
receiving a signal indicating a voltage across the at least one phase winding;
receiving a signal indicating a current through the at least one phase winding;
estimating a magnetic flux in response to the voltage signal and the current signal; and
estimating the resistance in the phase winding in accordance with a phase relation between the current signal and the magnetic flux estimates;
wherein the resistance estimation further comprises:
determining a relation or a difference value between the magnetic flux estimate and the current signal; and
adjusting the estimated resistance depending on the difference value or the relationship value;
wherein the adjustment of the estimated resistance comprises:
determining a phase difference between the magnetic flux estimate and the current signal; or
determining an amplitude of the magnetic flux estimate at a predetermined amplitude level of the current signal.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-69. (canceled)
70. A transform-based speech encoder configured to encode a speech signal into a bitstream; the encoder comprising
a framing unit configured to receive a set of blocks; wherein the set of blocks comprises a plurality of sequential blocks of transform coefficients; wherein the plurality of blocks is indicative of samples of the speech signal; wherein a block of transform coefficients comprises a plurality of transform coefficients for a corresponding plurality of frequency bins;
an envelope estimation unit configured to determine a current envelope based on the plurality of sequential blocks of transform coefficients; wherein the current envelope is indicative of a plurality of spectral energy values for the corresponding plurality of frequency bins;
an envelope quantization unit configured to determine a quantized current envelope by quantizing the current envelope;
an envelope interpolation unit configured to determine a plurality of interpolated envelopes for the plurality of blocks of transform coefficients, respectively, based on the quantized current envelope and based on a quantized previous envelope; and
a flattening unit configured to determine a plurality of blocks of flattened transform coefficients by flattening the corresponding plurality of blocks of transform coefficients using the corresponding plurality of interpolated envelopes, respectively; wherein the bitstream is determined based on the plurality of blocks of flattened transform coefficients.
71. The transform-based speech encoder of claim 70, wherein
the transform-based speech encoder further comprises an envelope gain determination unit configured to determine a plurality of envelope gains for the plurality of blocks of transform coefficients, respectively;
the transform-based speech encoder further comprises an envelope refinement unit configured to determine a plurality of adjusted envelopes by offsetting spectral energy values of the plurality of interpolated envelopes in accordance to the plurality of envelope gains, respectively;
the flattening unit is configured to determine the plurality of blocks of flattened transform coefficients by flattening the corresponding plurality of blocks of transform coefficients using the corresponding plurality of adjusted envelopes, respectively.
72. The transform-based speech encoder of claim 71, wherein the envelope gain determination unit is configured to determine a first envelope gain for a first block of transform coefficients, such that a variance of the flattened transform coefficients of a corresponding first block of flattened transform coefficients derived using a first adjusted envelope is adjusted compared to a variance of the flattened transform coefficients of a corresponding first block of flattened transform coefficients derived using a first interpolated envelope.
73. The transform-based speech encoder of claim 72, wherein the envelope gain determination unit is configured to determine the first envelope gain for the first block of transform coefficients, such that the variance of the flattened transform coefficients of the corresponding first block of flattened transform coefficients derived using the first adjusted envelope is one.
74. The transform-based speech encoder of claim 71, wherein the envelope gain determination unit is configured to insert gain data indicative of the plurality of envelope gains into the bitstream.
75. The transform-based speech encoder of claim 70, wherein
the current envelope is indicative of a plurality of spectral energy values for a corresponding plurality of frequency bands;
a frequency band comprises one or more frequency bins;
the envelope estimation unit is configured to determine the spectral energy value for a particular frequency band based on the transform coefficients of the plurality of sequential blocks for the particular frequency band
76. The transform-based speech encoder of claim 70, wherein the envelope quantization unit is configured to insert envelope data into the bitstream indicative of the quantized current envelope.
77. The transform-based speech encoder of claim 70, wherein
a block of transform coefficients comprises MDCT coefficients; andor
a block of transform coefficients comprises transform coefficients in frequency bins; andor
a set of blocks comprises four or more blocks of transform coefficients.
78. The transform-based speech encoder of claim 70, wherein
transform-based speech encoder is configured to operate in a plurality of different modes comprising a short stride mode and a long stride mode;
the framing unit, the envelope estimation unit and the envelope interpolation unit are configured to process the set of blocks comprising the plurality of sequential blocks of transform coefficients, when the transform-based speech encoder is operated in the short stride mode; and
the framing unit, the envelope estimation unit and the envelope interpolation unit are configured to process a set of blocks comprising a single block of transform coefficients, when the transform-based speech encoder is operated in the long stride mode.
79. The transform-based speech encoder of claim 78, wherein, in the long stride mode,
the envelope estimation unit is configured to determine a current envelope of the single block of transform coefficients comprised within the set of blocks; and
the envelope interpolation unit is configured to determine an interpolated envelope for the single block of transform coefficients as the current envelope of the single block of transform coefficients.
80. A transform-based speech decoder configured to decode a bitstream to provide a reconstructed speech signal; the decoder comprising
an envelope decoding unit configured to determine a quantized current envelope from envelope data comprised within the bitstream; wherein the quantized current envelope is indicative of a plurality of spectral energy values for a corresponding plurality of frequency bins; wherein the bitstream comprises data indicative of a plurality of sequential blocks of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients; wherein a block of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients comprises a plurality of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients for the corresponding plurality of frequency bins;
an envelope interpolation unit configured to determine a plurality of interpolated envelopes for the plurality of blocks of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients, respectively, based on the quantized current envelope and based on a quantized previous envelope; and
an inverse flattening unit configured to determine a plurality of blocks of reconstructed transform coefficients by providing the corresponding plurality of blocks of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients with a spectral shape, using the corresponding plurality of interpolated envelopes, respectively; wherein the reconstructed speech signal is determined based on the plurality of blocks of reconstructed transform coefficients.
81. The transform-based speech decoder of claim 80, wherein the quantized previous envelope is associated with a plurality of previous blocks of reconstructed transform coefficients, directly preceding the plurality of blocks of reconstructed transform coefficients.
82. The transform-based speech decoder of claim 80, wherein
the plurality of sequential blocks of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients comprises a first block of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients at a first intermediate time instant;
the envelope interpolation unit is configured to determine a spectral energy value for a particular frequency bin of a first interpolated envelope by interpolating the spectral energy values for the particular frequency bin of the quantized current envelope and of the quantized previous envelope at the first intermediate time instant;
the first interpolated envelope is associated with the first block of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients.
83. The transform-based speech decoder of claim 82, wherein the envelope interpolation unit is configured to determine the spectral energy value for the particular frequency bin of the first interpolated envelope by quantizing the interpolation between the spectral energy values for the particular frequency bin of the quantized current envelope and of the quantized previous envelope.
84. The transform-based speech decoder of claim 82, wherein
the plurality of sequential blocks of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients comprises a second block of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients at a second intermediate time instant;
the envelope interpolation unit is configured to determine a spectral energy value for the particular frequency bin of a second interpolated envelope by interpolating the spectral energy values for the particular frequency bin of the quantized current envelope and of the quantized previous envelope at the second intermediate time instant;
the second interpolated envelope is associated with the second block of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients;
the second block of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients is subsequent to the first block of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients; and
the second intermediate time instant is subsequent to the first intermediate time instant, wherein a difference between the second intermediate time instant and the first intermediate time instant corresponds to a time interval between the second block of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients and the first block of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients.
85. The transform-based speech decoder of claim 80, wherein
the bitstream is indicative of a plurality of envelope gains for the plurality of blocks of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients, respectively;
the transform-based speech decoder further comprises an envelope refinement unit configured to determine a plurality of adjusted envelopes by applying the plurality of envelope gains to the plurality of interpolated envelopes, respectively;
the inverse flattening unit is configured to determine the plurality of blocks of reconstructed transform coefficients by providing the corresponding plurality of blocks of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients with a spectral shape, using the corresponding plurality of adjusted envelopes, respectively.
86. A method for encoding a speech signal into a bitstream; the method comprising
receiving a set of blocks; wherein the set of blocks comprises a plurality of sequential blocks of transform coefficients; wherein the plurality of sequential blocks is indicative of samples of the speech signal; wherein a block of transform coefficients comprises a plurality of transform coefficients for a corresponding plurality of frequency bins;
determining a current envelope based on the plurality of sequential blocks of transform coefficients; wherein the current envelope is indicative of a plurality of spectral energy values for the corresponding plurality of frequency bins;
determining a quantized current envelope by quantizing the current envelope;
determining a plurality of interpolated envelopes for the plurality of blocks of transform coefficients, respectively, based on the quantized current envelope and based on a quantized previous envelope;
determining a plurality of blocks of flattened transform coefficients by flattening the corresponding plurality of blocks of transform coefficients using the corresponding plurality of interpolated envelopes, respectively; and
determining the bitstream based on the plurality of blocks of flattened transform coefficients.
87. A method for decoding a bitstream to provide a reconstructed speech signal; the method comprising
determining a quantized current envelope from envelope data comprised within the bitstream; wherein the quantized current envelope is indicative of a plurality of spectral energy values for a corresponding plurality of frequency bins; wherein the bitstream comprises data indicative of a plurality of sequential blocks of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients; wherein a block of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients comprises a plurality of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients for the corresponding plurality of frequency bins;
determining a plurality of interpolated envelopes for the plurality of blocks of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients, respectively, based on the quantized current envelope and based on a quantized previous envelope;
determining a plurality of blocks of reconstructed transform coefficients by providing the corresponding plurality of blocks of reconstructed flattened transform coefficients with a spectral shape, using the corresponding plurality of interpolated envelopes, respectively; and
determining the reconstructed speech signal based on the plurality of blocks of reconstructed transform coefficients.
88. A method for encoding an audio signal comprising a speech segment into a bitstream; wherein the method comprises
identifying the speech segment from the audio signal;
determining a plurality of sequential blocks of transform coefficients based on the speech segment, using a transform unit; wherein a block of transform coefficients comprises a plurality of transform coefficients for a corresponding plurality of frequency bins; wherein the transform unit is configured to determine long blocks comprising a first number of transform coefficients and short blocks comprising a second number of transform coefficients; wherein the first number is greater than the second number; wherein the blocks of the plurality of sequential blocks are short blocks; and
encoding the plurality of sequential blocks into the bitstream according to claim 86.
89. A method for decoding a bitstream indicative of an audio signal comprising a speech segment; the method comprising
determining a plurality of sequential blocks of reconstructed transform coefficients based on data comprised within the bitstream according to claim 87; and
determining a reconstructed speech segment based on the plurality of sequential blocks of reconstructed transform coefficients, using an inverse transform unit; wherein a block of reconstructed transform coefficients comprises a plurality of reconstructed transform coefficients for a corresponding plurality of frequency bins; wherein the inverse transform unit is configured to process long blocks comprising a first number of reconstructed transform coefficients and short blocks comprising a second number of reconstructed transform coefficients; wherein the first number is greater than the second number; wherein the blocks of the plurality of sequential blocks are short blocks.