1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image carrying member movable in a cross-scan direction and on which a toner image is transferred; and
a control unit to form toner images representing a first set of registration marks and a second set of registration marks on the image carrying member as the image carrying member moves in the cross-scan direction, wherein the first set of registration marks and the second set of registration marks are separated from each other in a scan direction, the control unit further configured to form toner images representing a first set of image density marks and a second set of image density marks on the image carrying member as the image carrying member moves in the cross-scan direction, each of the first and second set of image density marks including (i) image density marks corresponding to a first color, (ii) image density marks corresponding to a second color, (iii) image density marks corresponding to a third color and (iv) image density marks corresponding to a fourth color, wherein the first set of registration marks and the first set of image density marks are arranged on the image carrying member in a first single cross-scan direction line, and wherein the second set of registration marks and the second set of image density marks are arranged on the image carrying member in a second single cross-scan direction line,
wherein, during execution of subsequent printing operations, a color registration error and an image density error are compensated based on information obtained via direction of the toner images representing (i) the first set of registration marks, (ii) the first set of image density marks, (iii) the second set of registration marks, and (iv) the second set of image density marks formed on the image carrying member.
2. The image forming apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a first optical module to detect the toner images representing the first set of registration marks and the first set of image density marks formed on the image carrying member as the image carrying member moves in the cross-scan direction; and
a second optical module to detect the toner images representing the second set of registration marks and the second set of image density marks formed on the image carrying member as the image carrying member moves in the cross-scan direction,
wherein information regarding the color registration error and the image density error are obtained via the first optical module and the second optical module.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the image carrying member comprises a transfer belt.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second sets of registration marks includes registration marks for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black color.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second sets of image density marks includes image density marks for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black color.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second sets of image density marks includes a plurality of grey level marks.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the first set of registration marks and the second set of registration marks comprises a scan direction component and a slanting direction component at an angle to both the scan direction and a cross-scan direction.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second registration marks are disposed in opposite sides of an imaging area of the image carrying member, respectively.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A front structure of a vehicle comprising:
a pair of front rails, wherein said pair of front rails are spaced apart in a widthwise direction relative to said vehicle, wherein each of said pair of front rails extend in a lengthwise direction relative to said vehicle, wherein said pair of front rails comprise a front left hand rail and a front right hand rail, wherein a first end portion of said front left hand rail is mechanically coupled to a left portion of a vehicle bumper and a first end portion of said front right hand rail is mechanically coupled to a right portion of said vehicle bumper, wherein a second end portion of said front left hand rail distal from said first end portion of said front left hand rail is mechanically coupled to a left hand torque box, wherein a second end portion of said front right hand rail distal from said first end portion of said front right hand rail is mechanically coupled to a right hand torque box, wherein each of said pair of front rails is comprised of a polygonal-shaped upper hollow channel and a polygonal-shaped lower hollow channel, and wherein said polygonal-shaped upper hollow channel and said polygonal-shaped lower hollow channel share a common wall; and
a pair of rail reinforcement members completely contained within said pair of front rails when mounted, wherein a first rail reinforcement member of said pair of rail reinforcement members is mechanically mounted within said front left hand rail and a second rail reinforcement member of said pair of rail reinforcement members is mechanically mounted within said front right hand rail, wherein said first rail reinforcement member is comprised of a first plurality of features that determine front left hand rail reactions to front impact loads, and wherein said second rail reinforcement member is comprised of a second plurality of features that determine front right hand rail reactions to front impact loads.
2. The front structure of claim 1, wherein said first rail reinforcement member is comprised of a first upper reinforcement member configured to fit within said polygonal-shaped upper hollow channel of said front left hand rail, wherein said first rail reinforcement member is comprised of a first lower reinforcement member configured to fit within said polygonal-shaped lower hollow channel of said front left hand rail, wherein said second rail reinforcement member is comprised of a second upper reinforcement member configured to fit within said polygonal-shaped upper hollow channel of said front right hand rail, and wherein said second rail reinforcement member is comprised of a second lower reinforcement member configured to fit within said polygonal-shaped lower hollow channel of said front right hand rail.
3. The front structure of claim 2, wherein said first plurality of features is comprised of a first plurality of sub-frame mounts that mechanically couple said first lower reinforcement member and said polygonal-shaped lower hollow channel of said front left hand rail to a vehicle sub-frame, and wherein said second plurality of features is comprised of a second plurality of sub-frame mounts that mechanically couple said second lower reinforcement member and said polygonal-shaped lower hollow channel of said front right hand rail to said vehicle sub-frame.
4. The front structure of claim 3, wherein at least one of said first plurality of sub-frame mounts is comprised of a first extended sub-frame mount, wherein said first extended sub-frame mount mechanically couples said first lower reinforcement member, said first upper reinforcement member, and said polygonal-shaped lower and upper hollow channels of said front left hand rail to said vehicle sub-frame, and wherein at least one of said second plurality of sub-frame mounts is comprised of a second extended sub-frame mount, wherein said second extended sub-frame mount mechanically couples said second lower reinforcement member, said second upper reinforcement member, and said polygonal-shaped lower and upper hollow channels of said front right hand rail to said vehicle sub-frame.
5. The front structure of claim 2, wherein said first plurality of features cause said front left hand rail to axially collapse within a forward section of said front left hand rail and to bend within a mid-section of said front left hand rail as a reaction to front impact loads, and wherein said second plurality of features cause said front right hand rail to axially collapse within a forward section of said front right hand rail and to bend within a mid-section of said front right hand rail as a reaction to front impact loads.
6. The front structure of claim 5, wherein said mid-section of said front left hand rail bends away from a vehicle centerline as a reaction to a force applied directly to said vehicle bumper due to a front impact, and wherein said mid-section of said front right hand rail bends away from said vehicle centerline as a reaction to said force applied directly to said vehicle bumper due to said front impact.
7. The front structure of claim 2, wherein said first plurality of features is comprised of a first cutout on said first lower reinforcement member, and wherein said second plurality of features is comprised of a second cutout on said second lower reinforcement member.
8. The front structure of claim 7, wherein said first plurality of features is further comprised of a third cutout on said first upper reinforcement member, and wherein said second plurality of features is further comprised of a fourth cutout on said second upper reinforcement member.
9. The front structure of claim 8, wherein said first cutout is aligned with said third cutout, and wherein said second cutout is aligned with said fourth cutout.
10. The front structure of claim 2, wherein said first upper reinforcement member is of a different length than said first lower reinforcement member, and wherein said second upper reinforcement member is of a different length than said second lower reinforcement member.
11. The front structure of claim 2, wherein a first leading edge corresponding to said first upper reinforcement member is angled relative to a front left hand rail end surface, and wherein a second leading edge corresponding to said second upper reinforcement member is angled relative to a front right hand rail end surface.
12. The front structure of claim 1, further comprising a first crush can and a second crush can, wherein said first crush can is interposed between said first end portion of said front left hand rail and said left portion of said vehicle bumper, and wherein said second crush can is interposed between said first end portion of said front right hand rail and said right portion of said vehicle bumper.
13. The front structure of claim 1, further comprising a front vehicle module, wherein a first mounting plate of said front vehicle module is interposed between said first end portion of said front left hand rail and said left portion of said vehicle bumper, and wherein a second mounting plate of said front vehicle module is interposed between said first end portion of said front right hand rail and said right portion of said vehicle bumper.
14. The front structure of claim 1, wherein said front left hand rail and said front right hand rail are each comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum extrusions, aluminum alloy extrusions and steel extrusions.
15. The front structure of claim 1, wherein said front left hand rail and said front right hand rail each have a cross-sectional height and a cross-sectional width, wherein said cross-sectional height is at least twice said cross-sectional width.
16. The front structure of claim 1, wherein said front left hand rail and said front right hand rail each have a cross-sectional height and a cross-sectional width, wherein said cross-sectional height is at least 2.5 times said cross-sectional width.
17. The front structure of claim 1, wherein said polygonal-shaped upper hollow channel and said polygonal-shaped lower hollow channel of said front left hand rail and said polygonal-shaped upper hollow channel and said polygonal-shaped lower hollow channel of said front right hand rail each utilize a non-regular, octagon-shaped structure.
18. The front structure of claim 1, wherein said polygonal-shaped upper hollow channel and said polygonal-shaped lower hollow channel of said front left hand rail and said polygonal-shaped upper hollow channel and said polygonal-shaped lower hollow channel of said front right hand rail each utilize a hexagon-shaped structure.
19. The front structure of claim 1, further comprising:
a left hand rocker panel, wherein said left hand torque box is mechanically coupled to said left hand rocker panel;
a right hand rocker panel, wherein said right hand torque box is mechanically coupled to said right hand rocker panel; and
a battery pack enclosure mounted under said vehicle, said battery pack enclosure comprising an enclosure top panel, an enclosure bottom panel, and a plurality of enclosure side members, said battery pack enclosure mounted between and mechanically coupled to said left hand rocker panel and said right hand rocker panel, wherein said battery pack enclosure is mounted under a passenger cabin floor panel, wherein said battery pack enclosure further comprises a plurality of battery pack cross-members integrated into said battery pack enclosure, and wherein each of said plurality of battery pack cross-members transverses the distance between a first enclosure side member adjacent to said left hand rocker panel and a second enclosure side member adjacent to said right hand rocker panel.
20. The front structure of claim 19, wherein said enclosure bottom panel, said enclosure top panel, and said plurality of enclosure side members are each fabricated from a material selected from the group of materials consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys and steel.
21. The front structure of claim 19, wherein said plurality of enclosure side members further comprise a mounting flange that is mechanically coupled to said left hand rocker panel and said right hand rocker panel using a plurality of bolts.
22. The front structure of claim 19, wherein said enclosure bottom panel is attached to said plurality of enclosure side members by one of welding, brazing, soldering or bonding, and wherein said enclosure top panel is bolted to said plurality of enclosure side members.
23. The front structure of claim 1, wherein said first torque box is welded to said polygonal-shaped upper hollow channel and said polygonal-shaped lower hollow channel of said second end portion of said front left hand rail, and wherein said second torque box is welded to said polygonal-shaped upper hollow channel and said polygonal-shaped lower hollow channel of said second end portion of said front right hand rail.
24. The front structure of claim 23, wherein a first angle between a horizontal plane and a left hand rail end surface corresponding to said second end portion of said front left hand rail is in the range of 100 to 140 degrees, and wherein a second angle between said horizontal plane and a right hand rail end surface corresponding to said second end portion of said front right hand rail is in the range of 100 to 140 degrees.
25. The front structure of claim 1, wherein said front left hand rail is not parallel with said front right hand rail.