1. A vertical comb-electrode structure comprising:
a first substrate comprising a plurality of vertical static comb-electrodes; and
a second substrate stacked on an upper surface of the first substrate, the second substrate comprising a plurality of vertical moving comb-electrodes,
wherein the static comb-electrodes are vertically positioned, in an initial state, a predetermined distance toward the moving comb-electrodes so that no gaps between the static comb-electrodes and the moving comb-electrodes exist.
2. The vertical comb-electrode structure of claim 1, further comprising:
a base substrate disposed under the first substrate, wherein protruding portions vertically pressing the static comb-electrodes toward the moving comb-electrodes are formed on a base substrate so that the static comb-electrodes at least partially overlap the moving comb-electrodes
3. The vertical comb-electrode structure of claim 2, wherein an insulation layer is interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
4. The vertical comb-electrode structure of claim 3, wherein a thickness of the protruding portions formed on the surface of the base substrate is greater than at least a thickness of the insulation layer.
5. The vertical comb-electrode structure of claim 1, wherein the first substrate and the static comb-electrode are integrally formed in the same plane, and a spring is integrally formed between the first substrate and the static comb-electrodes so that the static comb-electrodes can be vertically displaced with respect to the first substrate.
6. The vertical comb-electrode structure of claim 5, wherein the second substrate further comprises a driving plate integrally formed therewith in the same plane, and a spring is integrally formed between the second substrate and the driving plate so that the driving plate can be moved in a vertical direction or rotated with respect to the second substrate.
7. The vertical comb-electrodes structure of claim 6, wherein the plurality of moving comb-electrodes are vertically aligned and parallel to each other on sides of the driving plate.
8. A micro optical scanner comprising:
a first substrate comprising a plurality of vertically aligned static comb-electrodes; and
a second substrate stacked on an upper surface of the first substrate, the second substrate comprising a driving mirror integrally formed therewith in the same plane and a plurality of vertical moving comb-electrodes formed on sides of the mirror,
wherein the static comb-electrodes are vertically positioned, in an initial state, a predetermined distance toward the moving comb-electrodes so that no gaps between the static comb-electrodes and the moving comb-electrodes exist.
9. The micro optical scanner of claim 8, further comprising:
a base substrate disposed under the first substrate,
wherein protruding portions vertically pressing the static comb-electrodes toward the moving comb-electrodes are formed on the base substrate so that the static comb-electrodes at least partially overlap the moving comb-electrodes
10. The micro optical scanner of claim 9, wherein an insulation layer is interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
11. The micro optical scanner of claim 10, wherein a thickness of the protruding portions formed on the surface of the base substrate is greater than at least a thickness of the insulation layer.
12. The micro optical scanner of claim 8, wherein the first substrate is integrally formed with the static comb-electrodes in the same plane, and a spring is integrally formed between the first substrate and the static comb-electrodes so that the static comb-electrodes can be vertically displaced with respect to the first substrate.
13. The micro optical scanner of claim 8, wherein a spring is integrally formed between the second substrate and the driving mirror so that the driving mirror can move in a vertical direction or rotate with respect to the second substrate.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a housing;
a first process unit provided inside the housing; and
a second process unit provided inside the housing;
wherein the first process unit comprises:
a first photosensitive member configured to carry a first developer image to be transferred onto a transfer medium; and
a blade member configured to scrape substances attached to a surface of the first photosensitive member off the surface of the first photosensitive member, and
wherein the second process unit comprises:
a second photosensitive member configured to carry a second developer image to be transferred onto the transfer medium on which the first developer image is configured to have been transferred; and
a holding member configured to:
remove substances attached to a surface of the second photosensitive member from the surface of the second photosensitive member;
temporarily hold the substances; and
return the substances to the surface of the second photosensitive member.
2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the first process unit further comprises a retaining unit configured to retain the substances scraped by the blade member.
3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the first process unit further comprises a first developer accommodating unit configured to accommodate developer to be fed to the first photosensitive member, and
wherein the first developer accommodating unit is removably mounted to the housing integrally with the retaining unit.
4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein the second process unit further comprises a second developer accommodating unit configured to accommodate developer to be fed to the second photosensitive member, and
wherein the second developer accommodating unit is removably mounted to the housing separately from the holding member.
5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the first developer accommodating unit of the first process unit is removably mounted to the housing integrally with the first photosensitive member, and
wherein the second developer accommodating unit of the second process unit is removably mounted to the housing separately from the second photosensitive member.
6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the first process unit further comprises a first developer carrier configured to carry the developer fed from the first developer accommodating unit and to feed the developer onto the first photosensitive member, and
wherein the first process unit comprising the first photosensitive member, the blade member, the retaining unit, the first developer accommodating unit and the first developer carrier are integrally mountable to or removable from the housing.
7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the first process unit further comprises a first charging member configured to come into contact with the first photosensitive member and charge the first photosensitive member, and
wherein the second process unit further comprises a second charging member provided to face the second photosensitive member with a gap therebetween and configured to charge the second photosensitive member by discharge.
8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein the first charging member is a charging roller.
9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein the second charging member is a scorotron charger.
10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an endless belt configured to face the first photosensitive member and the second photosensitive member and to collect substances having been returned from the holding member onto the surface of the second photosensitive member; and
a belt cleaner configured to remove substances attached to the belt.
11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a supporting member configured to support the first process unit and the second process unit,
wherein the supporting member is movable between an inside position where the supporting member is provided inside the housing and an outside position where the supporting member is drawn out from the inside position, and support the first process unit and the second process unit, and
wherein the first process unit is provided on an upstream side from the second process unit in a movement direction of the supporting member from the inside position to the outside position.
12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the blade member is a cleaning blade.
13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the holding member is a cleaning roller.
14. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a driving roller and a driven roller which are provided to face each other having a space therebetween; and
an endless belt wound around the driving roller and the driven roller and is configured to face the first process unit and the second process unit,
wherein the first process unit is provided to a position closer to the driven roller than the driving roller.
15. The image forming apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising:
a fixing unit configured to fix the first developer image andor the second developer image onto the transfer medium,
wherein the driving roller is provided between the driven roller and the fixing unit.
16. The image forming apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising:
an intermediate transfer roller facing the driven roller with nipping the belt therebetween.