1. A bone-ligament-bone construct, comprised from: bone marrow stromal cells provided on a substrate without disposing the cells in an exogenous scaffold; the cells cultured in vitro in fibrogenic medium comprising ligament growth medium such that the cells form a confluent ligament monolayer; and two bone constructs in contact with the confluent monolayer in ligament differentiation medium such that the monolayer detaches from the substrate to at least partially surround each bone construct and functionally integrate therewith, thereby forming a three-dimensional bone-ligament-bone construct, and wherein the ligament differentiation medium includes a lower serum concentration compared with the ligament growth medium.
2. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the monolayer is constrained by at least two anchors secured thereto; and the bone construct is provided in contact with the monolayer.
3. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the bone and ligament form an enthesis at the bone-ligament interface.
4. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the bone-ligament-bone construct is cylindrical.
5. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the bone-ligament-bone construct is compliant.
6. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the bone portion of the construct exhibits mineralization andor alkaline phosphatase activity.
7. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the bone and ligament portion include type I collagen.
8. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein the ligament portion does not exhibit mineralization.
9. The bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 1, wherein one bone end is removed to form a bone-ligament construct.
10. A scaffold-free, three dimensional bone-ligament-bone construct, comprised from: bone marrow stromal cells provided on a substrate without disposing the cells within an exogenous scaffold, wherein the cells are cultured in vitro in ligament growth medium such that the cells form a confluent monolayer and detach from the substrate to form a self-organized three-dimensional bone-ligament-bone construct when in co-culture in a ligament differentiation medium, wherein the ligament differentiation medium includes a lower serum concentration compared with the ligament growth medium.
11. The scaffold-free bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 10, further comprising at least two anchors secured to the substrate and the confluent monolayer in spaced relationship to constrain development of the three-dimensional bone-ligament-bone construct.
12. The scaffold free bone-ligament-bone construct of claim 11, wherein one bone end is removed to form a bone-ligament construct.
13. A method for repairing a damaged enthesis comprising implanting a bone-ligament-bone or bone-ligament construct of claim 1 into a subject in need thereof.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the damaged enthesis is a bone-ligament enthesis.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the ligament is an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), a medial collateral ligament (MCL) or a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the bone section of the construct is inserted into holes drilled into native bone and secured to native bone or surrounding connective tissue.
17. A method for repairing a damaged enthesis comprising implanting a bone-ligament-bone or bone-ligament construct of claim 10 into a subject in need thereof.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the damaged enthesis is a bone-ligament enthesis.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the ligament is an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), a medial collateral ligament (MCL) or a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An ester composition for use in a personal care, home care, health care, and institutional care composition comprising the reaction product of:
at least one poly-carboxylic acid;
at least one mono-alcohol; and
at least one poly-alcohol.
wherein the resulting ester has a molecular weight of 1,500 daltons and contains one or more branched groups.
2. The ester composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one poly-carboxylic acid is selected from one or more compounds according to the formula R1(C(O)OH)n, where n is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R1 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 hydrocarbondiyl group, and optionally any two carboxyl groups can be taken together to represent an anhydride.
3. The ester composition of claim 2, wherein said hydrocarbondiyl group is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues.
4. The ester composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one mono-alcohol is selected from one or more compounds according to the formula R2OH, where R2 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 hydrocarbyl group.
5. The ester composition of claim 4, wherein R2 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenyl, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 aryl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues.
6. The ester composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one poly-alcohol is selected from one or more compounds according to the formula R3(OH)x, where x is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R3 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 hydrocarbondiyl group.
7. The ester composition of claim 6, wherein R3 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues.
8. An ester composition for use in a in a personal care, home care, health care, and institutional care composition obtained by the stepwise reaction of at least one poly-carboxylic acid and at least one mono-alcohol that is then reacted with at least one poly-alcohol, wherein said at least one poly-carboxylic acid is represented by the formula:
R1(C(O)OH)n
where n is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R1 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues, and optionally any two carboxyl groups can be taken together to represent an anhydride; wherein said at least one mono-alcohol is represented by the formula:
R2OH
where R2 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenyl, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 aryl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues; and wherein at least one poly-alcohol is represented by the formula:
R3(OH)x
where x is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R3 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues; and wherein at least one of R1. R2. and R3 has one or more branched groups, and the resulting ester has a molecular weight of at least 1,500 daltons.
9. An ester composition for use in a personal care, home care, health care, and institutional care composition comprising the reaction product of:
at least one poly-alcohol;
at least one mono-carboxylic acid; and
at least one poly-carboxylic acid,
wherein the resulting ester has a molecular weight of 1,500 daltons and contains one or more branched groups.
10. The ester composition of claim 9, wherein the at least one poly-alcohol is selected from one or more compounds according to the formula R4(OH)m, where m is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R4 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 hydrocarbondiyl group.
11. The ester composition of claim 10, wherein said hydrocarbondiyl group is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues.
12. The ester composition of claim 10, wherein the at least one mono-carboxylic acid is selected from one or more compounds according to the formula R5C(O)OH, where R5 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 hydrocarbyl group.
13. The ester composition of claim 12, wherein R5 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenyl, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 aryl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues.
14. The ester composition of claim 10, wherein the at least one poly-carboxylic acid is selected from one or more compounds according to the formula R6(C(O)OH)y, where y is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R6 is selected from a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 hydrocarbondiyl group, and optionally any two carboxyl groups can be taken together to represent an anhydride.
15. The ester composition of claim 14, wherein R6 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues.
16. An ester composition for use in a in a personal care, home care, health care, and institutional care composition obtained by the stepwise reaction of at least one poly-alcohol and at least one mono-carboxylic acid that is then reacted with at least one poly-carboxylic acid, wherein said at least one poly-alcohol is represented by the formula:
R4(OH)m
where m is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R4 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues; wherein said at least one mono-carboxylic acid is represented by the formula:
R5C(O)OH
where R5 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenyl, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 aryl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues; wherein said at least one poly-carboxylic acid is represented by the formula:
R6(C(O)OH)y
where y is any integer from 2 to about 20, and where R6 is selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C60 alkanediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkanediyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkenediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C10 cycloalkenediyl groups, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C60 alkynediyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C17 arenediyl groups, and linear or branched C2 to C60 ester residues, and optionally any two carboxyl groups can be taken together to represent an anhydride; and wherein at least one of R4. R5. and R6 has one or more branched groups, and the resulting ester has a molecular weight of at least 1,500 daltons.
17. The ester composition of claim 1, wherein the ester has a viscosity of less than 1000 mPa\xb7s.
18. The ester composition of claim 8, wherein the ester has a viscosity of less than 1,000 mPa\xb7s.
19. A personal care composition comprising an ester of claim 1 in combination with an active ingredient selected from vitamins, anti-stretch mark compounds, astringents, draining compounds, hair growth compounds, skin and hair nourishing compounds, skin and hair protecting compounds, self-tanning compounds, skin lighteners, lip plumping compounds, anti-aging compounds, anti-cellulite compounds, anti-acne compounds, anti-dandruff compounds, anti-inflammatory compounds, analgesics, antioxidant compounds, antiperspirant compounds, deodorant compounds, hair fixative polymers, hair and skin conditioners; and combinations thereof.
20. The personal care composition of claim 19 further comprising an additive andor an adjuvant selected from solvents, acidifying pH adjusting agents, alkalizing pH adjusting agents and buffering agents, film formers, fillers, rheology modifiers, emulsifiers, emulsion stabilizers, waxes, dispersants, viscosity control agents, solvents, electrolytes, auxiliary conditioning agents, non-surfactant suspending aids, glossifiers, penetrants, antistatic agents, synthetic oils, vegetable or animal oils, silicone oils, monomeric or polymeric quaternized ammonium compounds, sheen enhancers, moisturizers, emollients, humectants, lubricants, oxidizing agents, reducing agents; surfactants, plasticizers, tackifiers, detackifiers, wetting agents, chelating agents, opacifiers, pearlescing agents, proteinaceous materials and derivatives thereof, preservatives; fragrances, solubilizers, colorants, dyes, pigments, UV absorbers, propellants, natural and derivatized hydrocolloids and the quaternized derivatives thereof; and mixtures thereof.
21. A personal care composition of claim 23 further comprising an additive andor an adjuvant selected from solvents, acidifying pH adjusting agents, alkalizing pH adjusting agents and buffering agents, film formers, rheology modifiers, emulsifiers, emulsion stabilizers, waxes, dispersants, viscosity control agents, solvents, electrolytes, auxiliary conditioning agents, non-surfactant suspending aids, glossifiers, penetrants, antistatic agents, synthetic oils, vegetable or animal oils, silicone oils, monomeric or polymeric quaternized ammonium compounds, sheen enhancers, moisturizers, emollients, humectants, lubricants, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, surfactants, plasticizers, tackifiers, detackifiers, wetting agents, chelating agents, opacifiers, pearlescing agents, proteinaceous materials and derivatives thereof, preservatives; fragrances, solubilizers, colorants, dyes, pigments, UV absorbers, propellants, natural and derivatized hydrocolloids and the quaternized derivatives thereof; and mixtures thereof.
22. A personal care composition of claim 20 wherein said composition is a product selected from lipstick, foundation makeup, eye shadow, blush, eyeliner, lipstick, mascara, and concealer.
23. A personal care composition comprising an ester of claim 9 in combination with an active ingredient selected from vitamins, anti-stretch mark compounds, astringents, draining compounds, hair growth compounds, skin and hair nourishing compounds, skin and hair protecting compounds, self-tanning compounds, skin lighteners, lip plumping compounds, anti-aging compounds, anti-cellulite compounds, anti-acne compounds, anti-dandruff compounds, anti-inflammatory compounds, analgesics, antioxidant compounds, antiperspirant compounds, deodorant compounds, hair fixative polymers, hair and skin conditioners; and combinations thereof.
24. A personal care composition of claim 23, wherein said composition is a product selected from lipstick, foundation makeup, eye shadow, blush, eyeliner, lipstick, mascara, and concealer.