1. An outsole having a heel region and a ball region along a longitudinal direction, said outsole being elastically deformable both forwards and backwards in the tangential direction and being essentially stiff with respect to tangential deformation only beyond a critical deformation in the region deformed so far,
wherein said outsole comprises first elements and at least one second element,
wherein said first elements affect the elastic deformability of said outsole in the tangential direction,
wherein said at least one second element affects the stiffness opposing the tangential deformation beyond said critical deformation as well as the degree of said critical deformation in the region deformed so far, and
wherein said first elements are tangentially deformable in all directions,
wherein said first elements are hollow and are thereby deformable up to the critical deformation also in case of strictly vertical stresses,
wherein, in the heel region and in the ball region of the outsole:
said first elements form first zones,
said at least one second element forms second zones,
said first and second zones repeatedly alternate in the longitudinal and in a transverse direction transverse to the longitudinal direction,
said a least one second element forms a coherent surface, in which said first elements are disposed in a scattered fashion, said at least one coherent surface having depressions and
said first elements are disposed in said depressions of said coherent surface, protrude with respect to said surface and can be deformed also at an angle into said depressions.
2. The outsole according to claim 1, wherein, beyond the critical deformation, said first elements are aligned with said at least one second element in the region deformed up to the critical deformation.
3. The outsole according to claim 1, wherein said at least one second element is not stressed until said critical deformation in the region, deformed up to the critical deformation, is reached.
4. The outsole according to claim 1, wherein said first elements and said at least one second element are fastened to the underside of an intermediate sole.
5. The outsole according to claim 1 and having a vertical axis, wherein said first elements have a rotationally symmetric shape with regard to the vertical axis.
6. The outsole according to claim 1, wherein said critical deformation is reached only after a tangential andor vertical deformation path which is greater than 20% of the deformable thickness of the outsole.
7. The outsole according to claim 1, said outsole having a possible tangential deformation path and a possible vertical deformation path, wherein the extent of the possible tangential deformation path until the critical deformation is reached corresponds approximately to the possible vertical deformation path until the critical deformation is reached.
8. The outsole according to claim 1, said outsole having a tangential path andor a vertical deformation path, wherein said critical deformation is reached only after reaching the tangential andor vertical deformation path, the tangential andor vertical deformation path being greater than 50% of the deformable thickness of said outsole.
9. The outsole according to claim 1, wherein said first elements and said at least one second element are formed at a layer of an elastically deformable material in one-piece.
10. The outsole according to claim 9, wherein the layer has a total height of h1, said first elements have a height in the range of 8 to 12 mm, and said at least one second element has a height h2 in the range of 4 to 8 mm.
11. The outsole according to claim 1, being an outsole for sport shoes.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A plasmon resonance device comprising
a layer-like anodic oxidized alumina comprising a plurality of independent pores; and
metallic particles filled in each of the independent pores of the anodic oxidized alumina, wherein:
each of the independent pores are isolated from each other;
each of the independent pores extend orthogonally to a layer plane; and
the plasmon resonance device is operable to reflect and transmit light so that an absorption or deposition of a substance on the metallic particles is measurable.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the anodic oxidized alumina is formed on a base material having at least aluminum on an uppermost layer.
3. (canceled)
4. (canceled)
5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the layer-like anodic oxidized alumina forms the entire sides and bottom of each of the plurality of independent pores.
6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the metallic particles are gold.
7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the metallic particles are silver.
8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the metallic particles completely fill each of the independent pores.
9. The device according to claim 1, wherein: the metallic particles fill an upper portion of each of the independent pores; and a lower portion of each of the independent pores is hollow.
10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the diameter dispersion of the independent pores is in the range of \xb13% or smaller.
11. The device according to claim 1, wherein a top surface of the layer-like anodic oxidized alumina is planar, and has an alternating surface structure of anodic oxidized alumina and the metallic particles filled in the independent pores.
12. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is flexible.