1. A bit line sense amplifier for inhibiting increase of a offset voltage, the sense amplifier which amplifies and latches data in paired bit lines, comprising:
a plurality of CMOS inverters, which are cross-coupled corresponding to the paired bit lines, for sensing and amplifying a voltage of the paired bit lines,
wherein transistors comprised in one of the plurality of CMOS inverters are formed at the edge of each well region where the transistors are located.
2. The bit line sense amplifier according to claim 1, wherein a first bit line of the paired bit lines is sequentially connected to a gate of a first PMOS transistor positioned at the edge of a N-well, to a drain of a second PMOS transistor formed at the middle of the N-well adjacent to the first PMOS transistor, to a gate of a first NMOS transistor formed at the edge of a P-well, and to a drain of a second NMOS transistor formed at the middle of the P-well adjacent to the first NMOS transistor, and
a second bit line of the paired bit lines is sequentially connected to a drain of the first PMOS transistor, to a gate of the second PMOS transistor, to a drain of the first NMOS transistor, and to a gate of the second NMOS transistor.
3. The bit line sense amplifier according to claim 1, wherein a first bit line of the paired bit lines is connected to a drain of a first PMOS transistor formed at the edge of a N-well, to a gate of a second PMOS transistor formed at the middle of the N-well adjacent to the first PMOS transistor, to a drain of a first NMOS transistor formed at the edge of a P-well, and to a gate of a second NMOS transistor formed at the middle of the P-well adjacent to the first NMOS transistor, and
a second bit line of the paired bit lines is connected to a gate to the first PMOS transistor, to a drain of the second PMOS transistor, to a gate of the first NMOS transistor, and to a drain of the second NMOS transistor.
4. A method for fabricating a bit line sense amplifier, wherein when a plurality of CMOS inverters for sensing and amplifying a voltage of paired bit lines, one of the plurality of CMOS inverters is formed by commonly connecting each gate and drain of transistors formed at the edge of each well region where the transistors comprised in one CMOS inverter are located.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a first bit line of the paired bit lines is connected in common to a drain of a first PMOS transistor formed at the edge of a N-well and a drain of a first NMOS transistor formed at the edge of a P-well, and
A second bit line of the paired bit lines is connected in common to a gate of the first PMOS transistor formed at the edge of the N-well and a gate of the first NMOS transistor formed at the edge of the P-well.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the first bit line is connected in common to a gate of a second PMOS transistor formed at the middle of a N-well and a gate of a second NMOS transistor formed at the middle of a P-well, and
the second bit line is connected in common to a drain of the second PMOS transistor formed at the middle of the N-well and a drain of the second NMOS transistor formed at the middle of the P-well.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A modular participant data management system comprising:
a participant database accessible by any of a plurality of users, each of the plurality of users associated with at least one organization, the participant database including student data and event data, the student data associating each of a plurality of participants with a unique code and a participant account associated with that unique code, the participant account including contact information, medical information, and funds information;
a portal interface to the participant database, the portal interface providing access to authorized users of one or more participant data management modules, the participant data management modules including:
a transit tracking module accessible by school administration and transit personnel, the transit tracking module configured to receive a participant identifier from a remote computing system aboard a participant transit vehicle upon the participant boarding or exiting the student transit vehicle, the transit tracking module configured to store transit tracking events in the event data of the participant database and to generate one or more communications associated with the transit tracking events to participant guardians, the transit tracking events including a message from a driver indicating a status of the participant transit vehicle and an automated notification indicating entry or exit of the participant;
a participant account module configured to provide, based on the unique code, access to funds deposited in a participant account by a participant in association with preauthorized expenses incurred by the participant with the organization;
a medical data module accessible by preauthorized organization personnel, the medical data module providing access to and instructions regarding emergency medical information associated with a participant based on the unique code associated with the participant.
2. The modular participant data management system of claim 1, wherein the portal interface further includes a ticketing module configured to allow student access to school events based on the unique code associated with the participant.
3. The modular participant data management system of claim 1, wherein the unique code comprises a two-dimensional graphical code printed on an object issued to the participant.
4. The modular participant data management system of claim 3, wherein the object comprises an identification card.
5. The modular participant data management system of claim 1, wherein the participant comprises a student, and wherein the organization comprises a school district
6. A method of managing student data comprising:
assigning a student identifier to each of a plurality of students in a school, the student identifier unique to each student;
issuing each of the students an ID card embodying that student’s associated student identifier;
capturing an image of the student identifier when presented by the student; and
performing one or more actions based on the student identifier and data stored in a student database, the actions selected from a group of actions comprising:
registering the student’s entry or exit from a student transit vehicle and automatically generating a notification sent to that student’s guardian;
accessing a medical record associated with the student, the medical record including an option to initiate two-way communication with a parent or EMS personnel;
providing access to a student event to the student and automatically generating a notification sent to that student’s guardian; and
allowing a student to perform a transaction adding or subtracting value from a student account, and creating a log accessible by the student’s guardian recording the transaction.