1. A production monitoring system (10) comprising a plurality of injection and production units (80) coupled in operation to sensors (410) for measuring physical processes occurring in operation in the injection and production units (80) and generating corresponding measurement signals (420) for computing hardware (400), wherein said computing hardware (400) is operable to execute software products (300) for processing said signals (420),
characterized in that the software products (300) are adapted for said computing hardware (400) to analyse said measurement signals (420) to abstract a parameter representation of said measurement signals (420), and to apply a temporal analysis of said parameters to identify temporally slow processes and temporally fast processes therein, and to employ information representative of said slow processes and fast processes to control a management process for controlling operation of the system (10).
2. A production monitoring system (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said injection and production units (80) have associated therewith production and injection rates (rA, rB), together with upper and lower borehole pressures (pU, pL) as the sensor signals (420), and the management processes is adapted to control said injection and production units (80) in respect of one or more of: production rate, operating safety, maintenance requirement.
3. A production monitoring system (10) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said temporal analysis involves applying a temporal filter (330) for analysing temporal characteristics of said measurement signals (420) by modelling said measurement signals, and determining deviations between said measurement signals (420) and corresponding modelled measurement signals for identifying said temporally fast processes.
4. A production monitoring system (10) as claimed in claim 3, wherein said temporal filter (330) employs a Kalman filter.
5. A production monitoring system (10) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the Kalman filter is formulated for Ni injectors and Np producers as expressed by Equation 1 (Eq. 1):
\uf74c
Y
j
\ue8a0
(
t
)
\uf74c
t
=
\u2211
i
\ue89e
K
ji
\xb7
Y
i
\ue8a0
(
t
)
+
\u2211
p
\ue89e
K
jp
\xb7
Y
p
\ue8a0
(
t
)
+
P
j
*
\ue8a0
(
t
)
Eq
.
\ue89e
1
wherein
K=parameters of the system (10);
Y=an output variable, measured response of the system (10);
P*=input variables to the system (10), namely pressure gradient to the system (10);
t=time; and
i,j=reference indices, and
wherein the output variable Y is defined by Equation 2 (Eq. 2) and Equation 3 (Eq. 3):
Y
j
=
\u222b
0
t
\ue89e
P
w
,
j
\ue8a0
(
t
\u2032
)
–
P
r
\ue8a0
(
0
)
\ue89e
\uf74c
t
\u2032
Eq
.
\ue89e
2
P
j
\u2032
\ue8a0
(
t
)
=
Q
j
\ue8a0
(
t
)
J
i
Eq
.
\ue89e
3
wherein Equation 4 (Eq. 4) defines a time derivative of the output variable:
\uf74c
Y
j
\uf74c
t
=
P
w
,
j
\ue8a0
(
t
)
–
P
v
\ue8a0
(
0
)
Eq
.
\ue89e
4
wherein
Jj=set of parameters associated with the system (10); and
Qj=flow rate
6. A production monitoring system (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said analysis is adapted for determining interaction between the injection and production units (80) when intercepting a formation (30) which is mutually common to the injection and production units (80).
7. A production monitoring system (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the injection and production units (80) include at least one of; oil andor gas wells, multiple apparatus in a production facility, continuous mining facilities, geological water extraction facilities.
8. A method of monitoring a plurality of production units (80), characterized in that said method includes:
(a) using sensors (410) coupled to the injection and production units (80) for measuring physical processes occurring in operation in the injection and production units (80) and generating corresponding measurement signals (420) for computing hardware (400), wherein said computing hardware (400) is operable to execute software products (300) for processing said signals (420);
(b) using computing hardware (400) executing said software products (300) to analyse said measurement signals (420) to abstract a parameter representation of said measurement signals (420);
(c) using said computing hardware (400) to apply a temporal analysis of said parameters to identify temporally slow processes and temporally fast processes therein; and
(d) employing information representative of said slow processes and fast processes to control a management process for controlling operation of the system (10).
9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein said injection and production units (80) have associated therewith injection and production rates (rA, rB), together with upper and lower borehole pressures (pU, pL) as the sensor signals (420), and the management processes is operable to control said production units (80) in respect of one or more of: production rate, operating safety, maintenance requirement.
10. A method as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein said temporal analysis involves applying a temporal filter (330) for analysing temporal characteristics of said measurement signals (420) by modelling said measurement signals, and determining deviations between said measurement signals (420) and corresponding modelled measurement signals for identifying said temporally fast processes.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said temporal filter (330) employs a Kalman filter.
12. A software product (300) recorded on a machine-readable data storage medium, wherein said software product (300) is executable on computing hardware (400) for implementing a method as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 11.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A projector comprising:
an image projection unit which projects an image, said image projection unit having a light source;
a first casing in which said image projection unit is mounted;
a second casing combined with said first casing thereby to constitute an enclosure enclosing said image projection unit, said second casing being movable relative to said first casing, between an enlarging position where the volume of said enclosure is enlarged and a reducing position where the volume of said enclosure is reduced;
an exhaust fan mounted to said first casing, said exhaust fan rotating when said light source illuminates; and
an exhaust port formed on said second casing.
2. The projector as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a controller which permits the illumination of said light source and the rotation of said exhaust fan, when said second casing is in said enlarging position, and prohibits the illumination of said light source and the rotation of said exhaust fan, when said second casing is in said reducing position.
3. The projector as set forth in claim 1, wherein said exhaust port is opened when said second casing is in said enlarging position, and said exhaust port is closed when said second casing is in said reducing position.
4. The projector as set forth in claim 1, wherein said exhaust port is formed on at least one of a top plate and a bottom plate of said second casing.
5. The projector as set forth in claim 1, further comprising an inlet port which is opened when said second casing is in said enlarging position and which is closed when said second casing is in said reducing position.
6. The projector as set forth in claim 5, wherein said inlet port is formed on said first casing, and said second casing has an opening which overlaps with said inlet port when said second casing is in said enlarging position.
7. The projector as set forth in claim 2, wherein said controller causes said light source to start illuminating when said second casing moves to said enlarging position, and said controller causes said light source to stop illuminating when said second casing moves to said reducing position.
8. The projector as set forth in claim 2, wherein said controller turns on the main power when said second casing moves to said enlarging position, and said controller turns off said main power when said second casing moves to said reducing position.
9. The projector as set forth in claim 2, wherein said controller comprises:
a power supply circuit which supplies the power to said light source;
a switch operated by the movement of said second casing between said enlarging position and said reducing position; and
a control circuit which permits or prohibits the supply of the power from said power circuit to said light source, according to the operation of said switch.
10. The projector as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:
a lock mechanism which locks said second casing at said reducing position; and
a lock release mechanism operated by a user to release said second casing from said lock mechanism.
11. The projector as set forth in claim 10, wherein said lock mechanism comprises:
a first lock member provided on said first casing; and
a second lock member provided on said second casing, said second lock member engaging said first lock member when said second casing is in said reducing position.
12. The projector as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a spring member which pushes said second casing toward said enlarging position.
13. The projector as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:
a guide groove provided on one of said first casing and said second casings; and
a guide pin provided on the other of said first casing and said second casings, said guide pin slidably engaging said guide groove.
14. A projector comprising:
an image projection unit which projects an image, said image projection unit having a light source;
a first casing in which said image projection unit is mounted;
a second casing combined with said first casing thereby to constitute an enclosure enclosing said image projection unit, said second casing being movable relative to said first casing, between an enlarging position where the volume of said enclosure is enlarged and a reducing position where the volume of said enclosure is reduced;
an exhaust fan mounted to said second casing, the distance between said exhaust fan and said light source being longer when said second casing is in said enlarging position than when said second casing is in said reducing position; and an exhaust port formed on said second casing.
15. The projector as set forth in claim 14, further comprising a controller which permits the illumination of said light source and the rotation of said exhaust fan, when said second casing is in said enlarging position, and prohibits the illumination of said light source and the rotation of said exhaust fan, when said second casing is in said reducing position.
16. The projector as set forth in claim 14, wherein said exhaust port is opened when said second casing is in said enlarging position, and said exhaust port is closed when said second casing is in said reducing position.
17. The projector as set forth in claim 14, further comprising an inlet port which is opened when said second casing is in said enlarging position and which is closed when said second casing is in said reducing position.
18. The projector as set forth in claim 15, wherein said controller causes said light source to start illuminating when said second casing moves to said enlarging position, and said controller causes said light source to stop illuminating when said second casing moves to said reducing position.
19. The projector as set forth in claim 15, wherein said controller turns on the main power when said second casing moves to said enlarging position, and turns off the main power when said second casing moves to said reducing position.