1. A multi-layered aluminum oxide capacitor comprising:
an aluminum substrate;
at least one aluminum oxide layer formed on at least a portion of both sides or one side of the aluminum substrate; and
an electrode layer formed on the aluminum oxide layer.
2. The capacitor according to claim 1, further comprising a dielectric layer formed on the aluminum oxide layer,
wherein the electrode layer is formed on the dielectric layer.
3. The capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum substrate includes at least one concavo-convex area having a predetermined pattern on both sides or on one side of the aluminum substrate, the aluminum oxide layer includes a plurality of barrier layers, and the electrode layer is formed on the aluminum oxide layer.
4. The capacitor according to claim 1, wherein a groove having a predetermined depth is formed at a portion of the aluminum substrate where the aluminum oxide layer is not formed.
5. The capacitor according to claim 4, wherein the groove is included in a plurality of grooves, and the plurality of grooves are formed at at least a portion of the aluminum substrate alternately on one surface and the other surface.
6. The capacitor according to claim 5, wherein the electrode layer is included in a plurality of electrode layers, and the plurality of electrode layers are formed at both sides of the grooves and are bonded together at at least a portion of the aluminum substrate where the grooves are formed.
7. The capacitor according to claim 6, further comprising at least one lead portion formed between the electrode layers and configured to apply electricity to the electrode layers which are bonded together.
8. A multi-layered aluminum oxide capacitor comprising:
an aluminum substrate having at least one bending portion;
aluminum oxide layers formed on at least a portion of both sides of the aluminum substrate such that the aluminum oxide layers are vertically aligned with each other with respect to a surface of the aluminum substrate; and
electrode layers formed on the aluminum oxide layers,
wherein the electrode layers formed on the aluminum substrate are bonded together.
9. A multi-layered aluminum oxide capacitor comprising:
an aluminum substrate having at least one bending portion;
aluminum oxide layers formed on at least a portion of both sides of the aluminum substrate such that the aluminum oxide layers are vertically aligned with each other with respect to a surface of the aluminum substrate;
electrode layers formed on the aluminum oxide layers; and
at least one lead portion formed between the electrode layers for applying electricity to the electrode layers which are bonded together.
10. A multi-layered aluminum oxide capacitor comprising:
an aluminum substrate;
aluminum oxide layers formed on at least a portion of both sides of the aluminum substrate such that the aluminum oxide layers are vertically aligned with each other with respect to a surface of the aluminum substrate;
electrode layers formed on the aluminum oxide layers,
wherein the aluminum substrate is formed by bending an aluminum sheet material.
11. The capacitor according to claim 10, further comprising:
a first lead portion connected to the aluminum substrate; and
a second lead portion connected to the electrode layer.
12. The capacitor according to claim 10, wherein the aluminum substrate includes a bending portion having a V-shaped cross-section and is bent with respect to the bending portion, and
neither the aluminum oxide layer nor the electrode layer is formed at the bending portion.
13. The capacitor according to claim 10, wherein the aluminum substrate includes bending portions having a V-shaped cross-section and is bent with respect to the bending portions, and
the bending portions are formed alternately at an upper surface and at a lower surface of the aluminum substrate.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A diagnostic kit for assaying human matrix Gla protein in a serum sample, comprising:
one or more monoclonal antibodies directed against an epitope in human matrix Gla protein residues 3-15, 35-49, or 35-53, alone or in combination with a monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope in human matrix Gla protein residues 61-79, or 54-84, or combinations thereof, wherein said one or more antibodies are produced by a hydridoma formed by fusion of cells from a mouse myeloma and spleen cells from a mouse previously immunized with a peptide homologous to human matrix Gla protein residues 3-15, 35-49, 35-53, or 61-79, or 54-84.
2. A method for determining matrix Gla protein present in a human serum sample, comprising:
obtaining a human serum sample;
exposing the human serum sample to one or more monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognizes an epitope on human matrix Gla protein residues 3-15, 35-49, or 35-53, or a combination of monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize an epitope on human matrix Gla protein residues 3-15, 35-49, or 35-53, alone or in combination with a monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope in human matrix Gla protein residues 61-79, or 54-84, the one or more monoclonal antibodies being present in a predetermined amount so that a portion of the one or more monoclonal antibodies remain uncomplexed to the human matrix Gla protein present in the sample; and
measuring the amount of uncomplexed one or more monoclonal antibodies so as to determine the matrix Gla protein in the human serum sample.
3. A process for monitoring or detecting a disease, comprising:
exposing a human serum sample to a monoclonal antibody of class IgG, comprising a monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope in human matrix Gla protein residues 3-15, 35-49, or 35-53, alone or in combination with a monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope in human matrix Gla protein residues 61-79, or 54-84, or a combination thereof, wherein said antibody is produced by a hydridoma formed by fusion of cells from a mouse myeloma and spleen cells from a mouse previously immunized with a peptide homologous to human matrix Gla protein residues 3-15, 35-49, 35-53, 61-79, or 54-84; and
detecting a level of human matrix Gla protein in said serum sample using the monoclonal antibody, or a combination thereof, wherein an elevated level of human matrix Gla protein in said serum sample is associated with coronary atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, angiogenesis, a disease of the vascular system, diabetes mellitus, or ectopic calcification in tumor development, thereby monitoring or detecting coronary atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, angiogenesis, a disease of the vascular system, diabetes mellitus, or ectopic calcification in tumor development.
4. A monoclonal antibody of class IgG, comprising a monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope in human matrix Gla protein residues 35-53, wherein said antibody is produced by a hydridoma formed by fusion of cells from a mouse myeloma and spleen cells from a mouse previously immunized with a peptide homologous to human matrix Gla protein residues 35-53.
5. A hybridoma cell line B11A1 deposited with Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganizmen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ) as accession number DSM ACC2639.
6. A hybridoma cell line 52.11 deposited with Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganizmen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ) as accession number DSM ACC2638.
7. A monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope in human matrix Gla protein, selected from the group consisting of epitopes in human matrix Gla protein residues 3-15, 35-49, and 35-53.
8. A method for detecting one or more diseases or disorders of the human vascular system or one or more diseases or disorders of human cartilage, comprising exposing a human serum sample to a monoclonal antibody capable of recognizing an epitope of human MGP.
9. A method according to claim 8, further comprising:
(a) determining a level of MGP in the human serum sample;
(b) comparing the level of MGP in the human serum sample to a serum level of MGP in a human population sample; and
(c) determining whether the level of MGP in the human serum sample is higher or lower than the serum level of MGP in the human population sample.
10. A method according to claim 8, wherein the epitope of human MGP is found in the group consisting of human MGP residues 3-15, 35-49, 35-53, and 61-79.
11. A method according to claim 8, wherein the one or more diseases or disorders of the human vascular system is vascular calcification or coronary atherosclerosis.
12. A method according to claim 8, wherein the one or more diseases or disorders of the human vascular system is a vascularized neoplasm.
13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the vascularized neoplasm is a malignant tumor.
14. A method according to claim 8, wherein the one or more diseases or disorders of human cartilage is osteoarthritis, Bechterew’s disease, or rheumatoid arthritis.
15. A method according to claim 8, wherein the monoclonal antibody is capable of recognizing a carboxylated epitope on human MGP and the monoclonal antibody is incapable of recognizing a noncarboxylated epitope on human MGP.
16. A method according to claim 8, wherein the monoclonal antibody is capable of recognizing a noncarboxylated epitope on human MGP and the monoclonal antibody is incapable of recognizing a carboxylated epitope on human MGP.
17. A method according to claim 8, wherein the monoclonal antibody does not distinguish between carboxylated and noncarboxylated forms of human MGP.
18. A method for detecting one or more diseases or disorders of the human vascular system or one or more diseases of human cartilage, comprising exposing a human serum sample to a polyclonal antibody capable of recognizing an epitope of human MGP.
19. A method according to claim 18, further comprising:
(a) determining a level of MGP in the human serum sample;
(b) comparing the level of MGP in the human serum sample to a serum level of MGP in a human population sample; and
(c) determining whether the level of MGP in the human serum sample is higher or lower than the serum level of MGP in the human population sample.
20. A method according to claim 18, wherein the one or more diseases or disorders of the human vascular system is coronary atherosclerosis.