1. A fluorine compound having perfluorostyrene introduced at a terminal thereof, as represented in the following Formula 1:
wherein Z is O or S; RF is \u2014CH2(CF2)nCH2\u2014,CH2CF2O(CF2CF2O)nCF2CH2\u2014, or
wherein n is a natural number of 1\u201312; D is selected from the group consisting of \u2014C(CF3)2\u2014, \u2014C(CH3)2\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014SO2\u2014, \u2014O\u2014 and \u2014S\u2014; R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, or halogen elements, including F, Cl, Br and I; and m is a natural number of 1\u20133; y and y\u2032 are 1; x is an integer of 1\u2013200; and
wherein B is a single bond or selected from the group consisting of \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014SO2\u2014, \u2014S\u2014 and \u2014O\u2014; and Hal is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I.
2. The fluorine compound as defined in claim 1, wherein Z is O, and x is an integer of 2\u201350.
3. The fluorine compound as defined in claim 1, wherein Ar is halogenated pentafluorobenzene, and RF is CH2(CF2)nCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CF 2(OCF2CF2)n OCF2CH2\u2014 or
4. A polymer coating solution, comprising at least one fluorine compound selected from the group consisting of fluorine compounds having perfluorostyrene introduced at a terminal thereof of claim 1, at least one acrylate compound selected from the group consisting of acrylate compounds represented by the following Formula 7, and a photoinitiator:
wherein A is a fluorinated aliphatic or aromatic group, and Y is H or CH3.
5. The polymer coating solution as defined in claim 4, wherein A is \u2014CH2(CF2)nCH2\u2014,\u2014CH2CF2(OCF2CF2)nOCF2CH2\u2014 or
6. An optical waveguide device, comprising a lower cladding layer formed on a planar substrate, a core layer formed on the lower cladding layer, and an upper cladding layer formed on the core layer, wherein the core layer and the lower and upper cladding layers include the fluorine compound of claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a first scintillator;
a first cover disposed on a surface of the first scintillator and that hermetically seals the first scintillator, wherein the first cover includes a metal layer; and
a second cover that covers the first cover, wherein a desiccant is disposed between the first cover and the second cover, and the second cover hermetically seals the desiccant.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first cover includes a wrapper that covers at least a portion of the first scintillator, wherein the metal layer forms at least a part of the wrapper.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the wrapper includes a flexible, metalized polymer.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the metal layer is formed on the surface of the first scintillator by way of evaporation or precipitation.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the metal layer includes a passivation layer formed on a surface of the first scintillator.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first scintillator includes a rare earth metal and the metal layer includes one of a rare earth oxycarbonate, a rare earth salt, or a rare earth tartrate.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 including a light transmissive window, wherein the first scintillator, the cover, and the light sensitive window form a first scintillator pixel for use in a radiation detector that includes a second scintillator pixel and a photosensor, wherein the first scintillator pixel includes a first side that faces the second scintillator pixel and a second side that faces the photosensor, wherein the metal layer covers at least a portion of the first side and the light transmissive window covers at least a portion of the second side; whereby, when the first and second scintillator pixels are installed in the radiation detector, scintillation photons produced by the scintillator pass through the light transmissive window for detection by the photosensor and are prevented from reaching the second scintillator pixel by the metal layer.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 including a plurality of scintillators, a plurality of covers, and a photosensor in optical communication with a scintillator, wherein each cover is disposed on and hermetically seals a corresponding one of the plurality of the scintillators.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the scintillator and the cover form a part of an imaging apparatus.
10. In a radiation detector including first and second scintillator pixels in optical communication with a photosensor, a method comprising:
using a first cover including a first metal layer to hermetically seal the first scintillator pixel, wherein a first desiccant is disposed between the first cover and a second cover, wherein the second cover hermetically seals the first desiccant; and
using a third cover including a second metal layer to hermetically seal the second scintillator pixel, wherein a second desiccant is disposed between the third cover and a fourth cover, wherein the fourth cover hermetically seals the second desiccant.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the first metal layer is disposed on a first polymer substrate that covers at least a portion of the first scintillator pixel and the second metal layer is disposed on a second polymer substrate that covers at least a portion of the second scintillator pixel.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the first scintillator pixel includes a scintillator material and the first metal layer is formed on a surface of the scintillator material by evaporation, precipitation, or passivation.
13. The method of claim 10 including using the first metal layer to reflect scintillation photons produced by the first scintillator pixel.
14. The method of claim 10 wherein the detector includes a third scintillator pixel and the method includes using the first cover to hermetically seal the third scintillator pixel.
15. A method comprising:
applying a first optically opaque hermetic cover to a first hygroscopic scintillator to form a first scintillator assembly, wherein a first desiccant is disposed between the first cover and a second optically opaque hermetic cover, wherein the second cover hermetically seals the first desiccant;
applying a third optically opaque hermetic cover to a second hygroscopic scintillator to form a second scintillator assembly, wherein a second desiccant is disposed between the third cover and a fourth optically opaque hermetic cover, wherein the fourth cover hermetically seals the second desiccant.
16. The method of claim 15 where the first cover includes a wrapper and the method includes adhering the wrapper to the first scintillator.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the first scintillator is a rectangular prism including six sides and the wrapper covers the six sides.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein the scintillator includes a rare earth and the first cover includes a rare earth oxycarbonate or a rare earth tartrate.
19. The method of claim 15 wherein applying the first cover includes precipitating a metal carbonyl.
20. The method of claim 15 including assembling the first scintillator assembly, the second scintillator assembly, and a photosensor in a radiation detector.
21. A radiation detector comprising:
a pixellated scintillator;
a first cover disposed on and that hermetically seals at least a first pixel of the pixellated scintillator, wherein the cover includes a metal layer; and
a second cover, wherein a desiccant is disposed between the first cover and the second cover, and the second cover hermetically seals the desiccant;
a photosensor in optical communication with the first pixel.