1. An external fixation device for facilitating the healing and repair of bone fractures, the device comprising:
a distal member;
a pivot member comprising a first pivotal engagement hub and a second pivotal engagement hub;
a distraction member; and
a radial member, wherein said distal member is pivotally connected to said pivot member at said first pivotal engagement hub, said distraction member is pivotally connected to said pivot member at said second pivotal engagement hub, and said radial member is translationally connected to said distraction member.
2. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a guide rail; and
a distraction screw, wherein said guide rail is disposed partially within said distraction member and partially within said radial member, and said distraction screw is disposed through said distraction member such that advancement of said distraction screw will urge said distraction member and said radial member apart.
3. The device of claim 2, said distal member and said distraction member each further comprising a set screw disposed so as to engage said pivot member.
4. The device of claim 3, said pivot member further comprising a plurality of recesses into which said set screws may extend.
5. The device of claim 1, said distal member further comprising graduations and said pivot member further comprising graduations, said graduations of said distal member oriented to correspond to said graduations of said pivot member to provide a visual indication of the relative angular relationship of said distal member and said pivot member.
6. The device of claim 1, said distraction member further comprising graduations and said pivot member further comprising graduations, said graduations of said distraction member oriented to correspond to said graduations of said pivot member to provide a visual indication of the relative angular relationship of said distraction member and said pivot member.
7. The device of claim 1, said distraction member further comprising a graduated tab extending therefrom adjacent said radial member, said radial member further comprising graduations oriented to correspond to said graduated tab to provide a visual indication of the relative position of said radial member to said distraction member.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein said distal member, said pivot member, said distraction member, and said radial member are radiolucent.
9. The device of claim 8, wherein said distal member, said pivot member, said distraction member, and said radial member are transparent.
10. The device of claim 1, wherein said distal member, said pivot member, said distraction member, and said radial member substantially conform to the human lower arm and hand in a low-profile and aesthetic manner.
11. An external fixation device for facilitating the healing and repair of bone fractures of the hand, wrist and lower arm, the device comprising:
a distal member comprising a dorsal pivotal engagement hub and defining a mounting aperture;
a pivot member comprising a first pivotal engagement hub and a second pivotal engagement hub, wherein the rotational axes of said first and second hubs are generally orthogonal;
a distraction member comprising a lateral pivotal engagement hub; and
a radial member defining a mounting aperture wherein said dorsal pivotal engagement hub of said distal member is connected to said first pivotal engagement hub, forming a revolute joint, to define lateral flexion of the hand with respect to the lower arm, said lateral pivotal engagement hub of said distraction member is connected to said pivot member at said second pivotal engagement hub, forming a revolute joint, to define palmar-dorsal flexion of the hand with respect to the lower arm, and said radial member translationally connected to said distraction member.
12. The device of claim 11, further comprising:
a guide rail; and
a distraction screw wherein said guide rail is disposed partially within said radial member and partially within said distraction member to allow translation of said radial member along said guide rail, and said distraction screw is disposed through said distraction member such that advancement of said distraction screw will urge said distraction member and said radial member apart.
13. The device of claim 11, wherein said dorsal engagement hub and said first pivotal engagement hub, and said lateral engagement hub and said second pivotal engagement hub, are adapted to form said revolute joints by snap-in engagement.
14. The device of claim 11, wherein said dorsal engagement hub and said first pivotal engagement hub, and said lateral engagement hub and said second pivotal engagement hub, are adapted to form said revolute joints by keyhole engagement.
15. The device of claim 11, said distal member and said distraction member each further comprising a set screw disposed so as to engage said pivot member.
16. The device of claim 15, said pivot member further comprising a plurality of recesses into which said set screws may extend.
17. The device of claim 11, said distal member further comprising graduations and said pivot member further comprising graduations, said graduations of said distal member oriented to correspond to said graduations of said pivot member to provide a visual indication of the relative angular relationship of said distal member and said pivot member.
18. The device of claim 11, said distraction member further comprising graduations and said pivot member further comprising graduations, said graduations of said distraction member oriented to correspond to said graduations of said pivot member to provide a visual indication of the relative angular relationship of said distraction member and said pivot member.
19. The device of claim 11, said distraction member further comprising a graduated tab extending therefrom adjacent said radial member, said radial member further comprising graduations oriented to correspond to said graduated tab to provide a visual indication of the relative distance between said radial member and said distraction member.
20. The device of claim 11, wherein said distal member, said pivot member, said distraction member, and said radial member are radiolucent.
21. The device of claim 11, wherein said distal member, said pivot member, said distraction member, and said radial member are transparent.
22. The device of claim 11, wherein said distal member, said pivot member, said distraction member, and said radial member substantially conform to the human lower arm and hand in a low-profile and aesthetic manner.
23. The device of claim 11, wherein said distal member and said radial member further define a well coaxial with said mounting aperture.
24. The device of claim 23, further comprising a pin ball and ball cap, wherein an elongate pin may be slidably disposed through said pin ball and one of said mounting apertures, and said pin ball may be trapped within said well by said ball cap such that both pin ball and said elongate pin are rendered immovable by unaided human force and wherein said elongate pin may be positioned so as to be affixed at one end to a human bone.
25. A method for facilitating the healing and repair of a distal radius bone fracture, the method comprising:
affixing a plurality of spaced-apart elongate pins in the radius on the proximal side of the fracture,
affixing a plurality of spaced-apart elongate pins in a metacarpal on the distal side of the fracture; and
mounting an external wrist fixator to said pins, wherein said mounting comprises for each of said plurality of pins the following, in order:
guiding said pin through a mounting aperture defined in said Fixator;
guiding a pin ball onto said pin through a central bore of said pin ball;
sliding said pin ball along said pin to seat said pin ball within a well associated with said mounting aperture; and
fixing said pin ball within said well by use of a ball cap such that said pin and said pin ball are rendered immovable.
26. A method for facilitating the healing and repair of a distal radius bone fracture, the method comprising:
affixing a plurality of spaced-apart elongate pins in the radius on the proximal side of the fracture;
affixing a plurality of spaced-apart elongate pins in a metacarpal on the distal side of the fracture; and
mounting an external wrist fixator to said pins, said fixator comprising:
a distal member;
a pivot member comprising a first pivotal engagement hub and a second pivotal engagement hub;
a distraction member; and
a radial member, wherein said distal member is pivotally connected to said pivot member at said first pivotal engagement hub, said distraction member is pivotally connected to said pivot member at said second pivotal engagement hub, and said radial member is translationally connected to said distraction member.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein said external fixator further comprises:
a guide rail; and
a distraction screw, wherein said guide rail is disposed partially within said distraction member and partially within said radial member, and said distraction screw is disposed through said distraction member, and said method further comprises the step of advancing said distraction screw to urge said distraction member and said radial member apart.
28. The method of claim 26, wherein said external fixator comprises:
a distal member comprising a dorsal engagement hub and defining a mounting aperture;
a pivot member comprising a first pivotal engagement hub and a second pivotal engagement hub, wherein the rotational axes of said first and second hubs are generally perpendicular;
a distraction member comprising a lateral engagement hub;
a radial member defining a mounting aperture, wherein said dorsal engagement hub of said distal member is connected to said pivot member at said first pivotal engagement hub, forming a revolute joint, to define lateral flexion of the hand with respect to the lower arm, said lateral engagement hub of said distraction member is connected to said pivot member at said second pivotal engagement hub, forming a revolute joint, to define palmar-dorsal flexion of the hand with respect to the lower arm, and said radial member is translationally connected to said distraction member.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein said fixator further comprises:
a guide rail; and
a distraction screw wherein said guide rail is disposed partially within said radial member and partially within said distraction member to allow translation of said radial member and said distraction member along said guide rail, and said distraction screw is disposed through said distraction member, and said method further comprises the step of advancing said distraction screw to urge said distraction member and said radial member apart.
30. The method of claim 26, further comprising, in order:
guiding a said pin through a mounting aperture defined in said fixator;
guiding a pin ball onto said pin through a central bore of said pin ball;
sliding said pin ball along said pin to seat said pin ball within a well associated with said mounting aperture; and
trapping said pin ball within said well by use of a ball cap such that said pin and said pin ball are rendered immovable by unaided human force.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A skin treatment composition having a water dispersion of a polymer in which a non-water soluble film-forming polymer is dispersed in water, wherein the main ingredients of said film-forming polymer are polyurethane having a film shrinkage rate of 20% or less and an acrylic type polymer having a film shrinkage rate of 20% or less.
2. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 1, wherein said polyurethane is polyurethane obtained by reacting an isocyanate compound and a diol compound containing a polyether diol, polycarbonate diol, and alkylene diol containing a carboxyl group.
3. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 2, comprising isophorone diisocyanate for the isocyanate compound.
4. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 2, wherein the polyether diol is polytetramethylene glycol, the polycarbonate diol is polyhexamethylene carbonate diol, and the alkylene diol containing a carboxyl group is dimethylolpropionic acid andor dimethylolbutanoic acid.
5. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 1, wherein the acrylic type polymer is a polymer from monomers whose main ingredient is ethyl acrylate.
6. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 1, wherein the water dispersion of an acrylic type polymer contains sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol.
7. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 1, wherein the film strength of the polyurethane is 300-700 kgcm2, and the film strength of the acrylic type polymer is 0.1-100 kgcm2.
8. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 1, wherein the film elongation of the polyurethane is 200-500%, and the film elongation of the acrylic type polymer is 500-2000%.
9. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 1, wherein the average particle size of the polyurethane in the water dispersion of polyurethane is 10-300 nm, and the average particle size of the acrylic type polymer in the water dispersion of an acrylic type polymer is 100-600 nm.
10. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane in the water dispersion of polyurethane is a mixture of particles having an average particle size of 20-60 nm and particles having an average particle size of 150-200 nm.
11. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 1 that contains the polyurethane to 1-10 wt % of the total weight of the skin treatment composition, and the acrylic type polymer to 1-20 wt % of the total weight of the skin treatment composition.
12. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 1 that further comprises scaly silica.
13. A skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction comprising:
(a) a non-emulsification type cross-linked silicone,
(b) a film forming polymer having a film shrinkage rate of 20% or less containing as a main ingredient a polyurethane having a film shrinkage rate of 20%,
(c) a liquid oil component, and
(d) water.
14. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 13, wherein (a) the non-emulsification type cross-linked silicone is one, two, or more chosen from a group consisting of a cross polymer derived from a reaction between methyl hydrogen polysiloxane and methyl vinyl polysiloxane, a cross polymer derived from a reaction between a partial long chain alkylated methyl hydrogen polysiloxane and methyl vinyl polysiloxane, and a cross polymer derived from a reaction between methyl hydrogen polysiloxane and alkene.
15. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 14, wherein the number of carbons in the long chain alkyl in the partial long chain alkylated methyl hydrogen polysiloxane is 10-14.
16. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 13, wherein the non-emulsion type cross-linked silicone is added as it is swollen with a liquid oil component.
17. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 13, wherein said polyurethane is polyurethane obtained by reacting an isocyanate compound and a diol compound containing a polyether diol, polycarbonate diol, and alkylene diol containing a carboxyl group.
18. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 17, comprising isophorone diisocyanate for the isocyanate compound.
19. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 17, wherein the polyether diol is polytetramethylene glycol, the polycarbonate diol is polyhexamethylene carbonate diol, and the alkylene diol containing a carboxyl group is dimethylolpropionic acid andor dimethylolbutanoic acid.
20. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 13, wherein the film strength of the polyurethane is 300-700 kgcm2.
21. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 13, wherein the film elongation of the polyurethane is 200-500%.
22. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 13, wherein a film forming polymer having a film shrinkage rate of 20% or less containing as a main ingredient a polyurethane having a film shrinkage rate of 20% is added in the form of a water dispersion.
23. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 22, wherein the average particle size of the polyurethane in the water dispersion of polyurethane is 10-300 nm.
24. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 22, wherein the polyurethane in the water dispersion of polyurethane is a mixture of particles having an average particle size of 20-60 nm and particles having an average particle size of 150-200 nm.
25. The skin treatment composition for wrinkle reduction of claim 13 that contains the non-emulsion type cross-linked silicone to 0.5-5.0 wt % of the total amount of the skin treatment composition and the polyurethane having a film shrinkage rate of 20% or less to 0.1-10.0 wt % of the total amount of the skin treatment composition