1. A method for communicating a data message, comprising:
selecting a table key value in an encryption selection table based on an index that is a function of a periodic key value and a public variable key value, the encryption selection table specifying at least one of a plurality of encryption methods to be used to encrypt a data message, the table key value associated with at least one of the plurality of encryption methods;
encrypting the data message using the encryption method associated with the table key value; and
transmitting the encrypted data message over a data communication network.
2. The method of claim 1 and further comprising:
receiving a periodic key value and a public variable key value at a communication device storing the encryption selection table; and
calculating the index from the public variable key value and the periodic key values.
3. The method of claim 1 and further comprising:
selecting a second encryption method also specified by the table key value from the encryption selection table; and
encrypting the data message a second time using the second encryption method prior to transmitting the encrypted message.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the periodic key value comprises a predetermined number agreed upon between a transmitter and a recipient of the data message.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the public variable key value comprises a numeric value which is variable and which is available to both the recipient and the transmitter of the data message.
6. A data communication device operable to transmit and receive data messages to and from a data communication network, the device comprising:
a central processing unit operable to interface with a user of the device through a user interface;
an encryption decryption engine under the control of the central processing unit and operable to execute a plurality of encryption programs, each of the encryption programs being different than the remainder of the plurality and each of the encryption programs operable to receive a message and to output an encrypted message;
an encryption selection table accessible using a key value, the encryption selection table specifying at least one of the plurality of encryption programs associated with each key value, wherein the key value comprises a table key value and further comprising a user interface operable to prompt a user of the device and to receive a public variable key value and a periodic key value, the table key value calculated as a function of at least one or both of the public variable key value and the periodic key value; and
a communication interface operable to transmit an encrypted message to the user of the device, the encrypted message encrypted using the at least one encryption program specified in the encryption selection table.
7. The device of claim 6 wherein the encryption selection table specifies a plurality of encryption methods to be used in sequence for each of the key values and wherein the encryption engine is operable to encrypt a data message using each of the plurality of encryption programs in sequence prior to transmitting the encrypted data message.
8. The device of claim 6 wherein the public variable key value comprises a numeric value which is variable and which is available to both the recipient and the transmitter of the data message.
9. The device of claim 6 wherein the periodic key value comprises a predetermined number agreed upon between a transmitter and a recipient of the data message.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the table key value comprises determining which table key value in the encryption selection table is approximately equal to the index.
11. The method of claim 2, wherein calculating the index comprises using a pre-determined mathematical function to calculate the index.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising encrypting the data message with at least two encryption methods in a specific sequence as provided in the encryption selection table.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising decrypting the data message by executing the encryption methods in an opposite sequence as provided in the encryption selection table.
14. A method for communicating a data message, comprising:
receiving a periodic key value and a public variable key value at a communication device storing an encryption selection table;
calculating an index from the public variable key value and the periodic key values using a pre-determined mathematical function;
selecting a table key value in the encryption selection table based on the calculated index, the encryption selection table specifying at least one of a plurality of encryption methods to be used to encrypt a data message, the table key value associated with at least one of the plurality of encryption methods;
encrypting the data message using the encryption method associated with the table key value; and
transmitting the encrypted data message over a data communication network.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
selecting a second encryption method also specified by the table key value from the encryption selection table; and
encrypting the data message a second time using the second encryption method prior to transmitting the encrypted message.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the periodic key value comprises a predetermined number agreed upon between a transmitter and a recipient of the data message.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the public variable key value comprises a numeric value which is variable and which is available to both the recipient and the transmitter of the data message.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein selecting the table key value comprises determining which table key value in the encryption selection table is approximately equal to the calculated index.
19. The method of claim 14, further comprising encrypting the data message with at least two encryption methods in a specific sequence as provided in the encryption selection table.
20. The method of claim 14, further comprising decrypting the data message by executing the encryption methods in an opposite sequence as provided in the encryption selection table.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus for training on or simulating human cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) contained in a non-humanoid housing comprising:
a first plate;
at least one upright post fixed to the first plate;
a second plate;
at least one downwardly extending post fixed to the second plate and adapted to telescopically engage upright post for providing a reciprocal motion to simulate chest compressions; and
a resistance device engaged between the first and second plates and adapted to simulate the resistance one would encounter in compressing a chest.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein one or more posts are hollow and are adapted for a telescopic-like engagement having sufficiently tight tolerances to require applying force in a direction essentially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the posts so that the posts will bind when a non-parallel force is applied to an upper surface of the second plate.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the resistance device is a spring and it is located within one or more posts.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the resistance device is a closed cell foam spring.
5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein one or more posts are square or rectangular in shape to prevent rotation of the posts.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the distal ends of the posts are flared.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second plates are generally rectangular.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first and second plates contain anatomical landmarks such as surfaces representing a manubrial notch, right and left clavical bones, an interclavicular notch, a sternal groove or midline, left and right nipples, or a xyphoid process and notch for proper handfinger placement.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second plate has anatomical landmarks on an upper surface adapted to resemble a chest for locating where to place one’s hand or fingers for applying CPR.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a landmark on the non-humanoid housing marks the location for properly compressing the second plate, and this landmark corresponds to the proper location for compressing the chest during CPR.
11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a generally central upright post fixed to the first plate and a generally central downwardly extending post fixed to the second plate and opposed to and engaged with the generally central upright post, wherein the spring device is received within the generally central upright post.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the non-humanoid housing resembles a stuffed toy animal.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the housing looks like a teddy bear.
14. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a visual andor auditory metronome.
15. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a compression force sensor for measuring the amount of force used to press the first and second plates closer together and an indicator to the user of the force applied.
16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a compression depth sensor for measuring the distance traveled when pressing the first and second plates closer together and an indicator of whether this distance is an appropriate distance, too far, or too short for proper CPR.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the indicator is located in the neck of the stuffed toy and is stylized to look like a brooch or bowtie.
18. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a rescue breath indicator adapted for indicating when a breath should be given in the CPR cycle.
19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein voice prompts provide reminders of the steps of CPR.
20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein voice prompts provide feedback on actual CPR performance.
21. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a flexible container adapted to simulate a human’s lungs; and
an air tube providing fluid communication with the flexible container.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising:
a third plate generally aligned with the first and second plates, wherein the first plate is between the second and third plates;
one or more posts fixed to the third plate;
one or more corresponding downwardly extending posts fixed to the underside of the first plate and adapted to engage respective posts fixed to the third plate for providing a reciprocal motion,
wherein the flexible container is between the first and third plates.
23. The CPR training device of claim 1, further comprising an apparatus for simulating pulmonary resuscitation.
24. The CPR training device of claim 23, wherein the simulated pulmonary resuscitation apparatus comprises a flexible container sized to simulate the capacity of a human’s lungs wherein the flexible container is received in an interior portion of the housing and one end of an air tube is connected to the flexible container while the other end opens to the environment and allows air to flow into the flexible container from the external environment.
25. The CPR training device of claim 23, wherein the apparatus for simulating pulmonary resuscitation is located externally of the non-humanoid housing and comprises a vest covering a simulated lung, an air tube connected to the simulated lung, a face mask connected to the air tube, and an opening in the face mask where air can be blown into the air tube and subsequently the simulated lung causing the vest to rise.
26. An apparatus for practicing human cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) contained in a non-humanoid housing comprising a chest plate and back plate, telescoping posts attached to the chest plate and back plate, a resistance device between the plates, a compression depth sensor, a compression depth indicator located on the CPR training aid and in the line of sight of the user, a compression pacing indicator, and a landmark on the non-humanoid housing to indicate the proper location for handfinger placement.
27. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising a simulated airway.
28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the airway simulates the resistance of a human lung and the rise of the chest when breaths are given.
29. The apparatus of claim 28, further comprising an external face mask that attaches to an internal air tube which is attached to an internal simulated lung to facilitate practicing breaths given during CPR.
30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the face mask is a stylized human face.
31. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising an external face mask that attaches to an external air tube attached to a simulated lung resting outside of the non-humanoid housing.
32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the face mask is a stylized human face.
33. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising auditory voice prompts.
34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the voice prompts remind a user of the steps of CPR.
35. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the voice prompts indicate proper and improper performance of CPR skills.
36. A cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training device, comprising:
a base;
a plurality of upright posts fixed to base;
a breast plate spaced apart from the base;
a plurality of downwardly extending posts fixed to the underside of the breast plate, wherein the downwardly extending posts are engaged with the upright posts and adapted for a reciprocating motion; and
the telescoping nature of the downwardly extending posts and the upright posts having sufficiently tight tolerances to require applying force in a direction essentially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the legs so that the legs will bind when a non-parallel force is applied to an upper surface of the second plate.
37. The CPR training device of claim 36, wherein there are four upright posts and four downwardly extending posts, one in each corner of the base.
38. The CPR training device of claim 37, wherein a foam spring separates the base and breast plate providing compression resistance when the breast plate is compressed down toward the base.
39. The CPR training device of claim 36, further comprising a flat body having the shape of a gingerbread man connected to the base.
40. The CPR training device of claim 39, wherein the base has four edges, and wherein the head of the gingerbread man is hingedly connected to one edge, a right arm is hingedly connected to one edge, a left arm is hingedly connected to one edge, and a waist of the gingerbread man with legs is hingedly connected to one edge.
41. The CPR training device of claim 40, wherein the head, arms and waist fold toward the plate, so that the device assumes the general shape of a rectangular cube.
42. The CPR training device of claim 36, further comprising a simulated airway.
43. A method for training individuals in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using a CPR training aid contained in a non-humanoid housing wherein students can practice compressions on a simulated thorax comprising an upper chest plate and a back plate with a resistance mechanism between the plates to simulate the resistance of a human chest to compressions, comprising the steps of:
compressing a simulated chest; and
feeling resistance resembling that of a human chest during chest compressions.
44. The method of claim 43, further comprising the step of using a landmark or landmarks for determining proper hand placement on the chest for chest compressions.
45. The method of claim 43, further comprising the step of viewing immediate feedback on the adequacy of compression force or depth.
46. The method of claim 43, further comprising the step of hearing andor seeing a signal that correctly paces the compressions.
47. The method of claim 43, further comprising the step of practicing rescue breathing using a simulated airway comprising a removable face mask that is connected to an air tube that empties into a simulated lung which simulates the resistance of a human lung.
48. The method of claim 43, wherein the CPR training aid is used in conjunction with a CPR instructional video.
49. The method of claim 43, wherein voice prompts remind the user of the steps of CPR and guide the user through the process of CPR.
50. The method of claim 43, wherein the CPR training aid includes anatomical landmarks for determining proper hand placement for abdominal thrusts and proper placement of back blows, comprising the steps of:
locating anatomical landmarks on the thorax for determining proper hand placement for abdominal thrusts;
locating the anatomical landmark on the back for proper placement of back blows; and
clearing an airway of a foreign body through back blows or abdominal thrusts.