1-14. (canceled)
15. A hand-held paint spray cup gun apparatus comprising:
a removable paint cup;
an airless paint pump assembly configured to receive paint from the paint cup and having a reciprocating piston for pressurizing the paint;
a motor configured to drive the piston;
a housing for the motor;
a handle and trigger for operating the motor;
a swirl valve configured to impart swirling motion in the pressurized paint;
a turret assembly having a reversible spray tip receiving the pressurized paint; and
a swirl chamber adapter removably coupled to the turret assembly and positioned between the swirl valve and the turret assembly.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the swirl chamber adapter comprises external threads for removably receiving the turret assembly.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the spray gun further comprises a cylinder having external threads and containing the swirl valve.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the swirl chamber adapter further comprises internal threads configured to receive the external threads of the cylinder.
19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the swirl chamber adapter is at least partially positioned between an outlet of the swirl valve and an inlet of the turret assembly.
20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the swirl chamber adapter further comprises:
a generally planar face opposing the outlet of the swirl valve; and
a swirl chamber upstream of the turret assembly.
21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the swirl chamber adapter further comprises a centrally located bore in fluid communication with the swirl valve and extending from the generally planar face to an outlet of the swirl chamber adapter to deliver the paint from the gun to the turret assembly.
22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the swirl chamber adapter further comprises an external flange spaced apart from the generally planar face by a predetermined distance.
23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the predetermined distance is selected to provide a predetermined axial preload on the swirl valve.
24. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the swirl chamber adapter further comprises an external gripping surface.
25. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein the external gripping surface is in the form of a hexagonal periphery.
26. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein the external gripping surface is in the form of a spline surface.
27. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein the external gripping surface is in the form of a pair of parallel wrench flats.
28. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein the external gripping surface is in the form of a knurled hand ring.
29. The apparatus of claim 15, and further comprising:
a connection mechanism configured to threadably receive the paint cup.
30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the connection mechanism is retained at least partially within the housing.
31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the connection mechanism is formed on the housing.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A complex emulsion comprising:
from about 10 to about 90 vol %, based on total volume, of an oil external phase,
from about 90 to about 10 vol %, based on the total volume, of an internal aqueous acid phase containing a microemulsion, and
from about 0.1 to about 40 vol %, based on total volume, of an emulsifier in the hydrocarbon phase.
2. The complex emulsion of claim 1 where the oil external phase is selected from the group consisting of xylene, diesel, toluene, kerosene, other aromatics, refined hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.
3. The complex emulsion of claim 1 where the acid in the aqueous acid phase is selected from the group of acids consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, fluoroboric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof.
4. The complex emulsion of claim 1 where the emulsifier is has an HLB of about 12 or below.
5. The complex emulsion of claim 1 where the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of polysorbates, fatty acid amine carboxylates, stearyl alcohol, lecithin, fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty acids, propoxylated fatty acids, fatty acid salts, tall oils, castor oils, triglycerides, glucosides, and mixtures and derivatives thereof.
6. A complex emulsion comprising:
from about 10 to about 90 vol %, based on total volume, of an oil external phase selected from the group consisting of xylene, diesel, toluene, kerosene, other aromatics, refined hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof,
from about 90 to about 10 vol %, based on the total volume, of an internal aqueous acid phase containing a microemulsion internal to the aqueous acid phase, where the acid is selected from the group of acids consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, fluoroboric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof, and
from about 0.1 to about 40 vol %, based on total volume, an emulsifier in the hydrocarbon phase, where the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of polysorbates, carboxylate amines, fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty acids, propoxylated fatty acids, fatty acid salts, tall oils, castor oils, triglycerides, glucosides and mixtures and derivatives thereof.
7. A method for making a complex emulsion comprising:
mixing an acid aqueous phase with an oil external microemulsion to give an initial product, where the acid aqueous phase is an external phase and the microemulsion is an internal phase; and
mixing the initial product with a second oil containing an emulsifier to make the complex emulsion.
8. The method of claim 7 where the complex emulsion comprises:
from about 10 to about 90 vol %, based on total volume, of an oil external phase, the oil external phase originating from the second oil,
from about 90 to about 10 vol %, based on the total volume, of an aqueous acid phase containing a microemulsion, and
from about 0.1 to about 40 vol %, based on total volume, of an emulsifier in the hydrocarbon phase.
9. The method of claim 8 where the oil from the oil external microemulsion and the second oil are selected from the group consisting of the same oils and different oils.
10. The method of claim 7 where the oil in the oil external microemulsion and the second oil are selected from the group consisting of xylene, diesel, toluene, kerosene, other aromatics, refined hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.
11. The method of claim 7 where the acid is selected from the group of acids consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, fluoroboric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof.
12. The method of claim 7 where the emulsifier is has an HLB of about 12 or below.
13. The method of claim 7 where the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of polysorbates, fatty acid amine carboxylates, stearyl alcohol, lecithin, fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty acids, propoxylated fatty acids, fatty acid salts, tall oils, castor oils, triglycerides, glucosides and mixtures and derivatives thereof.
14. A complex emulsion made by the method of claim 7.
15. A method of treating a subterranean formation comprising:
injecting a complex emulsion into a subterranean formation, where the complex emulsion has been made by a method for making a complex emulsion comprising:
mixing an acid aqueous phase with an oil external microemulsion to give an initial product, where the acid aqueous phase is an external phase and the microemulsion is an internal phase; and
mixing the initial product with a second oil containing an emulsifier to make the complex emulsion;
dissolving at least a portion of the formation with the acid.
16. The method of claim 15 where the complex emulsion comprises:
from about 10 to about 90 vol %, based on total volume, of an oil external phase, the oil external phase originating from the second oil,
from about 90 to about 10 vol %, based on the total volume, of an internal aqueous acid phase containing a microemulsion, and
from about 0.1 to about 40 vol %, based on total volume, of an emulsifier in the hydrocarbon phase.
17. The method of claim 15 where in the complex emulsion, the oil from the oil external microemulsion and the second oil are selected from the group consisting of the same oils and different oils.
18. The method of claim 15 where in the complex emulsion, the oil in the oil external microemulsion and the second oil are selected from the group consisting of xylene, diesel, toluene, kerosene, other aromatics, refined hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.
19. The method of claim 15 where the acid is selected from the group of acids consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, fluoroboric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof.
20. The method of claim 15 where the emulsifier is has an HLB of about 12 or below.
21. The method of claim 15 where the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of polysorbates, fatty acid amine carboxylates, stearyl alcohol, lecithin, fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty acids, propoxylated fatty acids, fatty acid salts, tall oils, castor oils, triglycerides, glucosides and mixtures and derivatives thereof.
22. The method of claim 15 further comprising removing at least a portion of the complex emulsion from the subterranean formation where the amount of complex emulsion removed is greater than would be removed using an identical complex emulsion except that the acid was not included in an oil external microemulsion