1. A method for maintaining a stem cell in an undifferentiated state comprising contacting an isolated stem cell with a selective Protein Kinase C inhibitor thereby maintaining the stem cell in an undifferentiated state.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the inhibitor inhibits at least Protein Kinase C zeta.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the inhibitor further inhibits Protein Kinase C alpha and delta.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the inhibitor concentration is in the range of 100 nm to 5 \u03bcM.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the undifferentiated state is maintained in the absence of a feeder cell or leukemia inhibitory factor.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the stem cell is isolated from a mouse.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the stem cell is isolated from a rat.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the stem cell is isolated from a human.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the stem cell is an embryonic stem cell, adult stem cell, induced pluripotent stem cell, or cancer stem cell.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the PKC inhibitor is a PKC inhibitor of Formula I, II, III, IV, or V,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or prodrug thereof, wherein
each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from \u2014H, halogen, haloalkoxy, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014OR3, \u2014N(R3)R3, \u2014S(O)O-2R3, \u2014N(R3)C(\u2550O)N(R3)R3, \u2014N(R3)C(\u2550O)C(\u2550O)N(R3)R3, \u2014SO2N(R3)R3), \u2014CO2R3\u2014C(\u2550O)N(R3)R3, \u2014C(\u2550NR5)N(R3)R3, \u2014C(\u2550NR5)NR3, \u2014N(R3) SO2R3, \u2014N(R3)C(O)R3, \u2014NCO2R3, \u2014N(R3)C(O)2R3, \u2014C(\u2550O)R3, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted lower arylalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionally substituted lower heterocyclylalkyl;
Y is selected from O, or HH;
each of m and n is independently 1 to 5;
each of A and B is independently selected from a five- to ten-membered aryl of heteroaryl;
R3 is selected from \u2014H, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted lower arylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionally substituted lower heterocycylalkyl;
two of R3, together with nitrogen to which they are attached, can combine to form an optionally substituted heterocycyl containing between one and three additional heteroatoms;
R4 is selected from \u2014H and optionally substituted lower alkyl;
each R5 is independently selected from \u2014H, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014OR3, \u2014S(O)O-2R3, \u2014CO2R3, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, or optionally substituted lower alkynyl; and
each of L1 and L2 is independently selected from absent and \u2014C(R3)(R3)\u2014, \u2014C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)\u2014, \u2014C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)\u2014, \u2014C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)\u2014.
11. A method for inhibiting differentiation of a stem cell comprising contacting an isolated stem cell with a selective Protein Kinase C inhibitor thereby inhibiting differentiation of the stem cell.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the inhibitor inhibits at least Protein Kinase C zeta.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the inhibitor further inhibits Protein Kinase C alpha and delta.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the inhibitor concentration is in the range of 100 nm to 5 \u03bcM.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein differentiation is inhibited under differentiation conditions.
16. The method of claim 11, wherein the stem cell is isolated from a mouse.
17. The method of claim 11, wherein the stem cell is isolated from a rat.
18. The method of claim 11, wherein the stem cell is isolated from a human.
19. The method of claim 11, wherein the stem cell is an embryonic stem cell, adult stem cell, induced pluripotent stem cell, or cancer stem cell.
20. The method of claim 11, wherein the PKC inhibitor is a PKC inhibitor of Formula I, II, III, IV, or V,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or prodrug thereof, wherein
each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from \u2014H, halogen, haloalkoxy, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014OR3, \u2014N(R3)R3, \u2014S(O)O-2R3, \u2014N(R3)C(\u2550O)N(R3)R3, \u2014N(R3)C(\u2550O)C(\u2550O)N(R3)R3, \u2014SO2N(R3)R3), \u2014CO2R3 (\u2550O)N(R3)R3, \u2014C(\u2550NR5)N(R3)R3, \u2014C(\u2550NR5)NR3, \u2014N(R3)SO2R3, \u2014N(R3)C(O)R3, \u2014NCO2R3, \u2014N(R3)C(O)2R3, \u2014C(\u2550O)R3, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted lower arylalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionally substituted lower heterocyclylalkyl;
Y is selected from 0, or HH;
each of m and n is independently 1 to 5;
each of A and B is independently selected from a five- to ten-membered aryl of heteroaryl;
R3 is selected from \u2014H, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted lower arylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionally substituted lower heterocycylalkyl;
two of R3, together with nitrogen to which they are attached, can combine to form an optionally substituted heterocycyl containing between one and three additional heteroatoms;
R4 is selected from \u2014H and optionally substituted lower alkyl;
each R5 is independently selected from \u2014H, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014OR3, \u2014S(O)O-2R3, \u2014CO2R3, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, or optionally substituted lower alkynyl; and
each of L1 and L2 is independently selected from absent and \u2014C(R3)(R3)\u2014, \u2014C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)\u2014, \u2014C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)\u2014, \u2014(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)\u2014.
21. A method for establishing a pluripotent stem cell line comprising culturing a cell with a selective Protein Kinase C inhibitor thereby establishing a pluripotent stem cell line.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the inhibitor inhibits as least Protein Kinase C zeta.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein the inhibitor further inhibits Protein Kinase C alpha and delta.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein the inhibitor concentration is in the range of 100 nm to 5 \u03bcM.
25. The method of claim 21, wherein the cell is isolated from a mouse.
26. The method of claim 21, wherein the cell is isolated from a rat.
27. The method of claim 21, wherein the cell is isolated from a human.
28. The method of claim 21, wherein the cell is a blastocyte or fibroblast.
29. The method of claim 21, wherein the PKC inhibitor is a PKC inhibitor of Formula I, II, III, IV, or V,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or prodrug thereof, wherein
each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from \u2014H, halogen, haloalkoxy, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014OR3, \u2014N(R3)R3, \u2014S(O)O-2R3, \u2014N(R3)C(\u2550O)N(R3)R3, \u2014N(R3)C (\u2550O)C(\u2550O)N(R3)R3, \u2014SO2N(R3)R3), \u2014CO2R3, \u2014C(\u2550O)N(R3)R3, \u2014C(\u2550NR5)N(R3)R3, \u2014C(\u2550NR5)NR3, \u2014N(R3)SO2R3, \u2014N(R3)C(O)R3, \u2014NCO2R3, \u2014N(R3)C(O)2R3, \u2014C(\u2550O)R3, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted lower arylalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionally substituted lower heterocyclylalkyl;
Y is selected from 0, or HH;
each of m and n is independently 1 to 5;
each of A and B is independently selected from a five- to ten-membered aryl of heteroaryl;
R3 is selected from \u2014H, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted lower arylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or optionally substituted lower heterocycylalkyl;
two of R3, together with nitrogen to which they are attached, can combine to form an optionally substituted heterocycyl containing between one and three additional heteroatoms;
R4 is selected from \u2014H and optionally substituted lower alkyl;
each R5 is independently selected from \u2014H, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014OR3, \u2014S(O)O-2R3, \u2014CO2R3, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkenyl, or optionally substituted lower alkynyl; and
each of L1 and L2 is independently selected from absent and \u2014C(R3)(R3)\u2014, \u2014C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)\u2014, \u2014C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)\u2014, \u2014C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)C(R3)(R3)\u2014.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A joint compound composition comprising:
a) 50 to 60% of calcium sulphate hemihydrate;
b) 5 to 15% of an organic binder in powder form; and
c) 0.05 to 0.2% of a water repellent selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, stearic acid and their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt.
2. The joint compound composition according to claim 1, which further includes:
d) 1 to 10% of a lightening agent.
3. The joint compound composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 5 to 10% of the organic binder; 0.07 to 0.15% of the water repellent; and 3 to 7% of a lightening agent.
4. The joint compound composition according to claim 1, wherein the calcium sulphate hemihydrate is of the alpha form.
5. The joint compound composition according to claim 1, wherein the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of copolymers of vinyl esters and of ethylene monomers, polyacrylics, vinyl acetateacrylic copolymers, styreneacrylic and styrenebutadiene copolymers, vinyl acetatevinyl versatateacrylic and vinyl acetatevinyl versatatevinyl maleate terpolymers, acrylic terpolymers and blends thereof.
6. The joint compound composition according to claim 2, wherein the lightening agent is perlite.
7. The joint compound composition according to claim 2, wherein the lightening agent is non-water-repellent expanded perlite.
8. The joint compound composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a powder.
9. The joint compound composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a powder composed of particles having a diameter of at most 200 microns.
10. The joint compound composition according to claim 1, wherein the water repellent is selected from the group consisting of oleic acid and its alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt.