What is claimed is:
1. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy characterized in that substances with 80% far infrared emission rate are embedded to the substrate of said filter element of said air filter at a proper ratio between 1 and 50%, thereby forming a main body whose form and thickness are adapted to the design requirement of all kinds of internal combustion engines for use of the air filter thereof.
2. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixture rate of said far infrared emission substances with said substrate amounts preferably to 230%.
3. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said far infrared emission substances of said main body are made by mixing aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), antimony oxide (SnO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), cobalt oxide (CoO), iron oxide (Fe2O3) and silicium carbide (SiC) at the ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1 and thereafter formed by sintering and grinding procedures.
4. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said far infrared emission substances of said main body are made by mixing aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), antimony oxide (SnO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), cobalt oxide (CoO), iron oxide (Fe2O3) and silicium carbide (SiC) at the ratio of 3:3:3:1:1:2:2 and thereafter formed by sintering and grinding procedures.
5. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grain size of said far infrared emission substances amounts to 0.0130 m.
6. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is made of pulp.
7. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is made of single polymer material.
8. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein said single polymer material of said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is polyethyle.
9. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein said single polymer material of said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is polypropylene.
10. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein said single polymer material of said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is polyurethane.
11. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein said single polymer material of said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is nylon.
12. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said substrate of said main body of said filter element of said air filter is made of composite polymer material.
13. A filter element of an air filter with far infrared energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the molecular cluster of water in the moisture-containing air can be made tiny by means of said filter element of said air filter with far infrared energy, thereby increasing the freedom of the oxygen-containing particles and enlarging the contact surface of the oil gas with the air so that it’s easier that the oxygen-containing particles and the oil gas are evenly mixed for reaching an optimal mixture ratio of the original design standard and the combustion in the engine can be complete, thereby enhancing the vacuum degree of a vacuum pump for a smooth and flat braking.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of reducing corrosion in a petrochemical process comprising a stream having at least one hydrocarbon, water and at least one mineral acid, the method comprising:
contacting the stream with a composition comprising at least one amine having a pKa between about 10.5 to about 12, where the amine does not contain oxygen and has a normal boiling point greater than 95\xb0 C.; and
forming amine salts that are less corrosive as compared to amine salts that would otherwise form without the contacting of the composition with the at least one amine.
2. The method of claim 1 where the amount of the at least one amine is at least an amount that is approximately stoichiometrically functionally equivalent to the at least one mineral acid present in the stream.
3. The method of claim 1 where the amount of the at least one amine is between about 0.1 and about 300 ppm based on the stream.
4. The method of claim 1 where the stream is selected from the group consisting of a desalted crude oil stream, a distillation overhead stream and combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 where the stream additionally comprises H2S.
6. The method of claim 1 where the composition has an absence of amides.
7. The method of claim 1 where the at least one amine has a pKa between about 10.7 and about 11.4.
8. The method of claim 1 where the at least one amine is selected from the group consisting of dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, di-n-butylamine, diisobutylamine, di-sec-butylamine, di-tert-butylamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, and combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 where the stream further comprises a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, a tramp amine, a residual amine, a volatile amine and combinations thereof capable of forming at least one corrosive salt with the at least one mineral acid, where the at least one amine is different from the tramp amine, residual amine or volatile amine, and the amount of amine is greater than total amount of nitrogen-containing compound, to give a treated stream.
10. The method of claim 9 where the pH of the water of the treated stream is about 5.5 to about 7.5 when the water of the treated stream is sampled after the at least one amine has sufficiently reacted with the mineral acid.
11. The method of claim 9 where the tramp amine, residual amine or volatile amine is selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, diglycolamine, ethylene diamine, methoxypropylamine, diethylaminoethanol and combinations thereof.
12. A method of reducing corrosion in a petrochemical process comprising a stream having at least one hydrocarbon, water and at least one mineral acid, the method comprising:
contacting the stream with a composition comprising at least one amine having a pKa between about 10.5 to about 12, where the amine does not contain oxygen and is selected from the group consisting of dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, di-n-butylamine, diisobutylamine, di-sec-butylamine, di-tert-butylamine, and combinations thereof, where the at least one amine has a normal boiling point greater than 95\xb0 C. and where the amount of the at least one amine is at least an amount that is approximately stoichiometrically functionally equivalent to the at least one mineral acid present in the stream; and
forming amine salts that are less corrosive as compared to amine salts that would otherwise form without the contacting of the composition with the at least one amine.