What is claimed is:
1. A mammalian cell receptor useful in the treatment of cancer which binds tumor associated lipids wherein said binding induces anergy or apoptosis in said T cells and antigen presenting cells.
2. The tumor associated lipids of claim 1 which are selected from a group consisting of fatty acids, ceramides, glycolipids, sphingolipids, glycosphingolipids, phosphosphingolipids, gangliosides, sialylated glycans, lipopeptides and proteoglycolipids.
3. The mammalian cells of claims 1 and 2 which are selected from a group consisting of T cells, NKT cells, antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, macrophages.
4. The cells of claim 1 and 3 which have a conserved sequence tyrosine-based inhibitory motif sequence in their cytoplasmic tails
5. A mammalian cell useful in the treatment of cancer in a mammal wherein the receptor which binds tumor associated lipids and induces cellular inactivation or death is deleted or functionally deactivated.
6. The cells of claim 5 which are selected from a group consisting of T cells, NKT cells, antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, macrophages
7. A method for producing a tumoricidal immunocyte population in vivo in a mammal said method comprising allowing tumor associated lipids to contact immunocytes in which receptors for immunosuppressive fatty acids, ceramides, glycolipids, sphingolipids, glycosphingolipids, phosphosphingolipids, gangliosides, sialylated glycans, lipopeptides and proteoglycolipids. are inactivated or deleted.
8. A method for producing a tumoricical immunocyte population ex vivo in a mammal, said method comprising:
a) allowing tumor associated lipids to contact immunocytes in which receptors for said lipids are inactivated or deleted to produce a tumoricidal immunocyte population.
b) administering said tumoricidally activated immunocytes to the host.
9. A method for producing a tumoricical antigen presenting cell population ex vivo in a mammal, said method comprising:
a) allowing a tumor associated lipid to contact antigen presenting cells in which receptors for said tumor associated lipids are inactivated or deleted to produce a tumoricidally activated population.
b) administering said antigen presenting cells to the host.
10. A method for producing a tumoricical T cell population ex vivo in a mammal, said method comprising:
a) allowing a tumor associated lipids to contact T cells in which adaptor proteins which inhibit T cell activation by tumor associated antigens are deleted or functionally deactivated to produce a tumoricidal population of T cells.
b) administering said tumoricidally activated T cells to the host.
11. A method of treating cancer in a mammal by administration of a lipid binding molecule which binds immunosuppressive tumor associated lipids in vivo.
12. A method of treating cancer in a mammal wherein the lipid binding molecules are administered to the host 1-4 hours before the administration of tumoricidally activated cells of claims 5 and 6.
13. The lipid binding protein of claim 11 which is selected from a group consisting of sialic acic binding lectin (Siglecs), prosaposin, saposins and glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP).
14. A construct useful in the treatment of cancer comprising a superantigen nucleotide inserted into a virus.
15. The virus claim 14 wherein said virus contains a tissue specific promoter
16. The virus of claim 15 wherein the tissue specific promoter is selected from a group consisting of prostate specific promoter, albumin specific promoter, myeloma immunogloulin specific promoter, alpha fetoprotein promoter.
17. The virus of claim 14 wherein said virus is deleted of a tumor suppressor inactivating gene.
18. The virus of claim 17 wherein said tumor specific promoter is an adenoviral mutant (dl1150) which lacks expression of the E1B-55-kDA protein.
19. The virus of claim 14 wherein the virus encodes an immunogenic cell surface protein
20. The virus of claim 19 wherein the cell surface protein is HSV-E6 or E7.
21. The virus of claim 14 wherein said virus contains a prodrug enzyme.
22. The virus of claim 21 wherein said virus contains a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene
23. The virus of claim 14 wherein said virus contains a self replicating RNA sequence.
24. The virus of claim 23 wherein said virus is an Alphavirus producing tumor encoding tumor specific antigens, superantigens and lipid binding agents.
25. A mammalian T cell useful in the treatment of cancer wherein an adaptor protein which inhibits T cell activation by tumor associated antigens is deleted or functionally deactivated.
26. A method for producing a tumoricidal T cell population in vivo in a mammal said method comprising allowing a tumor associated antigen and to contact immunocytes in which adaptor proteins which inhibit T cell activation by tumor associated antigens are deleted or functionally deactivated.
27. A composition useful in the treatment of cancer comprising a lipid raft conjugated to a superantigen.
28. The composition of claim 27 wherein said lipid raft comprises signal transduction molecules, G proteins, cell surface receptors, tumor associated antigens.
29. A method for producing a tumoricical T cell population ex vivo in a mammal, said method comprising: said method comprising allowing a superantigen-lipid raft conjugate to contact immunocytes in vivo
30. A method for producing a tumoricical T cell population ex vivo in a mammal, said method comprising:
a) allowing a superantigen-lipid raft to contact T cells ex vivo
b) administering said tumoricidally activated T cells to the host.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A film composite for a solar reflector, comprising:
an outer film comprising a triazine, as a UV absorber, and a UV stabilizer;
a backing film;
a metal layer; and
a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
2. The film composite of claim 1, comprising, in sequence;
an outer film comprising a triazine, as a UV absorber, and a UV stabilizer;
a backing film;
a metal layer; and
a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
3. The film composite of claim 1,
wherein the outer film is a PMMA-based film,
the backing film is a polyester film, a PMMA film, a two-layer PVDFPMMA film, or a PVDFPMMA blend film, and
the metal layer is a silver layer or an aluminum layer.
4. The film composite of claim 1,
wherein the backing film and the metal layer are comprised in a metal-based layer.
5. The film composite of claim 1, further comprising:
an adhesive layer between the outer film and the backing film or between the outer film and the metal layer.
6. The film composite of claim 1, wherein the outer film comprises:
a mixture of UV absorbers, comprising a triazine and a benzotriazole, and
a HALS compound as a UV stabilizer.
7. The film composite of claim 6, wherein the outer film comprises:
from 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight of the benzotriazole,
from 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight of the triazine UV absorber, and
from 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight of the HALS compound.
8. The film composite of claim 1,
wherein the outer film comprises poly(meth)acrylate and polyvinylidene fluoride in a ratio by weight of from 1:0.01 to 0.3:1, and
the outer film further comprises a UV stabilizer, a UV absorber, or a mixture thereof.
9. The film composite of claim 8, wherein the outer film comprises:
a first sublayer comprising poly(meth)acrylate and
a second sublayer comprising polyvinylidene fluoride.
10. The film composite of claim 1, wherein the outer film is scratch-resistant.
11. The film composite of claim 1, wherein a surface of the outer film comprises an antisoiling coating.
12-13. (canceled)
14. A solar reflector with long service life, comprising the film composite of claim 1, wherein a solar reflection decreases by at most 8% over a period of 10 years.
15. The film composite of claim 3, wherein the metal layer is a silver layer.
16. The film composite of claim 4, wherein the backing film and the metal layer are comprised in an aluminum-based layer.
17. The film composite of claim 7, wherein the outer film comprises:
from 0.5% by weight to 4% by weight of the benzotriazole,
from 0.5% by weight to 3% by weight, of the triazine, and
from 0.2% by weight to 2% by weight, of the HALS compound.
18. The film composite of claim 1, wherein the outer film comprises poly(meth)acrylate and polyvinylidene fluoride in a ratio by weight of from 1:0.1 to 0.4:1.
19. The film composite of claim 10, wherein the outer film comprises a scratch-resistant coating.
20. A method of producing a solar reflector, comprising producing a solar reflector with the film composite of claim 1.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein producing the solar reflector comprises:
applying the film composite, via the pressure-sensitive adhesive, to a metal backing sheet, by film lamination.
22. The solar reflector of claim 14, wherein the solar reflection decreases by at most 5% over a period of 10 years.