1. A switching device, comprising:
a substrate having a surface region;
a first dielectric material overlying the surface region of the substrate;
a bottom wiring structure overlying the first dielectric material;
a first stricture comprising at least a contact material overlying the bottom wiring structure and a switching material overlying the contact layer, the first structure having a top surface region and a side region, the top surface region including a top region of the switching material;
a second dielectric layer overlying the first structure;
a side wall spacer structure formed in an opening region of the second dielectric layer, the opening region comprising a portion of the top surface region of the switching material, the side wall spacer structure being formed using a third dielectric material;
a conductive material overlying the opening region, the conductive material being in contact with the switching material; and
a top wiring structure overlying the conductive material.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the first dielectric material comprises silicon oxide or silicon nitride or a silicon oxide on silicon nitride on silicon oxide stack.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the second dielectric material comprises silicon oxide.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein the third dielectric material comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxide, or a dielectric stack, the dielectric stack comprises a silicon oxide on silicon nitride on silicon oxide (ONO) stack.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein the opening region defines an active device region.
6. The device of claim 1 further characterized by an on-state current and an off-state current, the on-state current being independent of an area of the opening region and the off-state current being inversely proportional to the area.
7. The device of claim 1 wherein the top wiring structure and the bottom wiring structure is spatially arranged in a crossbar configuration.
8. The device of claim 1 wherein the substrate is a semiconductor substrate.
9. The device of claim 1 wherein the substrate comprises one or more COMS device formed thereon, the one or more CMOS devices being operably coupled to the switching device.
10. The device of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the top wiring structure and at least a portion of the bottom wiring structure comprise a metal material selected from tungsten, copper, and aluminum.
11. The device of claim 1 wherein the contact material comprises a polysilicon material having a p+ impurity characteristic, the p+ impurity characteristic being provided by a boron species at a concentration ranging from about 1017 cm3 to about 1021 cm3.
12. The device of claim 1 wherein the polysilicon material has a thickness ranging from about 50 Angstroms to about 2000 Angstroms.
13. The device of claim 1 wherein the polysilicon material has a thickness ranging from about 100 Angstroms to about 500 Angstroms.
14. The device of claim 1 wherein the switching material comprises an amorphous silicon material having an intrinsic semiconductor characteristic.
15. The device of claim 14 wherein the amorphous silicon material has a thickness ranging from about 50 Angstroms to about 2000 Angstroms.
16. The device of claim 14 wherein the amorphous silicon material has a thickness ranging from about 100 Angstroms to about 500 Angstroms.
17. The device of claim 1 wherein the conductive material is a metal material selected from gold, silver, platinum, and palladium, and a combination.
18. The device of claim 17 wherein the conductive material comprises a silver material having a thickness ranging from about 50 Angstroms to about 2000 Angstroms.
19. The device of claim 17 wherein the conductive material comprises a silver material having a thickness ranging from about 100 Angstroms to about 500 Angstroms.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A video encoder that implements scalable video coding (SVC) to provide SVC bitstreams comprising:
a sample adaptive offset (SAO) filter o receive uncoded andor uncompressed video stream to encode a lower-layer bitstream of the uncoded andor uncompressed video stream with SAO filter parameters, and to use the SAO filter parameters of the lower-layer bitstream to encode an enhancement layer bitstream; and
an output component to receive encoded lower-layer and enhancement layer bitstreams and output the SVC bitstream.
2. The video encoder of claim 1, wherein the lower-layer bitstream includes a base layer bitstream or a lower enhancement layer bitstream, wherein the SAO filter from a base layer decoder provides a select number of the SAO filter parameters to re-use in the SAO filter of enhancement layer decoder.
3. The video encoder of claim 1, wherein the SAO filter parameters include one or more of the following: control flags, SAO types, and SAO offset values.
4. The video encoder of claim 1, wherein the SAO filter parameters of the coded lower layer bitstream are directly re-used to encode the enhancement layer bitstream.
5. The video encoder of claim 1, wherein part of the SAO filter parameters of the lower layer bitstream are directly re-used to encode the enhancement layer bitstream, and the video encoder generates other SAO filter parameters to code the enhancement layer bitstream.
6. The video encoder of claim 1, wherein the SAO filter parameters from the lower layer bitstream are not re-used, and the video encoder generates another SAO filter parameters for a current enhancement layer bitstream.
7. The video encoder of claim 1, wherein a decision is made as to re-use of the SAO filter parameters by the video encoder for the enhancement layer bitstream.
8. The video encoder of claim 1, wherein the SAO filter parameters are used to apply re-use schemes for Y, Cb, and Cr color spaces.
9. The video encoder of claim 1, wherein the SAO filter parameters includes inherited SAO filter parameters from the lower layer bitstream to include multiple corresponding coding units from spatial, temporal and inter-layer neighbor coding units.
10. The video encoder of claim 1, wherein the SAO filter parameters are of a spatial, temporal or lower-layer neighbor coded coding unit and used to encode a current coding unit in the enhancement layer bitstream.
11. A video decoder that processes a scalable video coding (SVC) bitstream comprising:
a demultiplexor to receive the SVC bitstream and separate the SVC bitstream into a base layer bitstream and one or more enhancement layer bitstream streams, wherein the base layer bitstream stream includes sample adaptive offset (SAO) filter parameters;
a base layer bitstream decoding block to process the base layer bitstream and to use the SAO filter parameters; and
an enhancement layer bitstream stream decoding block to process the enhancement layer bitstream, wherein the sample adaptive offset (SAO) filter parameters of the base layer or lower enhancement layer bitstream are selectively re-used for the enhancement layer bitstream.
12. The video decoder of claim 11, wherein the base layer bitstream is decoded independently while an enhancement layer bitstream is decoded together with base layer and lower enhancement layer outputs.
13. The video decoder of claim 11, wherein decoding of the base layer bitstream and the enhancement layer bitstream adapts the SAO filter parameters used during encoding.
14. The video decoder of claim 11, wherein the SAO filter parameters of the base layer bitstream or lower enhancement layer bitstream are directly re-used to decode the enhancement layer bitstream.
15. The video decoder of claim 11, wherein part of the SAO filter parameters of the base layer bitstream or lower enhancement layer bitstream are directly re-used to decode the enhancement layer bitstream and the video decoder adapts other SAO filter parameters that were generated by a video encoder to code the enhancement layer bitstream.
16. The video decoder of claim 11, wherein the SAO filter parameters from the base layer bitstream or lower enhancement layer bitstream are not re-used, and the video decoder adapts the SAO filter parameters that were generated by a video encoder to code the enhancement layer bitstream.
17. The video decoder of claim 11, wherein the SAO filter parameters includes inherited SAO filter parameters from the base layer bitstream or lower enhancement layer bitstream to include multiple corresponding coding units from spatial, temporal and inter-layer neighbor coding units.
18. A device comprising:
one or more processors;
memory configured to the processors;
a video encoder configured to the processors and memory comprising:
a sample adaptive offset (SAO) filter to receive uncoded andor uncompressed video stream to encode a base layer bitstream of the uncoded andor uncompressed video stream with SAO filter parameters, and to use the SAO filter parameters of the base-layer bitstream to encode an enhancement layer bitstream; and
an output component to receive encoded base-layer and enhancement layer bitstreams and output the SVC bitstream for transmission.
19. The device of claim 18, wherein the SAO filter parameters include one or more of the following: control flags, SAO types, and SAO offset values, which are communicated to a decoder.
20. The device of claim 18, wherein the SAO filter from a base layer decoder provides a select number of the SAO filter parameters to re-use in the SAO filter of enhancement layer decoder.
21. The device of claim 18, wherein the SAO filter parameters of the base layer bitstream or lower enhancement layer bitstream are directly re-used to encode the enhancement layer bitstream
22. The device of claim 18, wherein part of the SAO filter parameters of the base layer bitstream or lower enhancement layer bitstream are directly re-used to encode the enhancement layer bitstream, and the video encoder generates other SAO filter parameters to code the enhancement layer bitstream.
23. The device of claim 18, wherein the SAO filter parameters from the base layer bitstream or lower enhancement layer bitstream are not re-used, and the video encoder generates another SAO filter parameters for a current enhancement layer bitstream.
24. The device of claim 18, wherein a decision is made as to re-use of the SAO filter parameters by the video encoder for the enhancement layer bitstream.
25. A method of implementing inter-layer sample adaptive offset (SAO) parameter re-use for scalable video coding (SVC) comprising;
performing sample adaptive offset (SAO) filtering to a coding unit (CU) of a lower-layer bitstream to generate SAO filtering parameters;
determining if the SAO filtering parameters are to be re-used to coding units of enhancement layer bitstream; and
re-using the SAO filtering parameters in SAO filtering the coding units of the enhancement layer bitstream.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein temporal neighbor coding unit from a coded enhancement layer coding prior to current enhancement layer coding unit is reused to encode the current enhancement layer coding unit.
27. The method of claim 25, wherein inter-layer coding unit from the lower layer bitstream is reused to encode current enhancement layer coding unit.
28. The method of claim 25, wherein spatial neighbor coding unit from the enhancement layer bitstream is reused to encode a current enhancement layer coding unit, wherein the spatial neighbor coding unit includes left, top, top-left or top-right coded neighboring coding unit to current coding unit.
29. The method of claim 25, wherein temporal inter-layer neighbor coding unit from a coded base layer picture prior to current base layer picture is reused to encode the current enhancement layer coding unit.
30. The method of claim 25, wherein temporal inter-layer neighbor coding unit from a coded base layer picture after current base layer picture is reused to encode the current enhancement layer coding unit.