1. A method of removing iron oxide scale from sheet metal and further cold reducing the sheet metal, wherein the iron oxide scale generally comprises a wustite layer that is bonded to a base metal substrate of the sheet metal, a magnetite layer that is bonded to the wustite layer, and a hematite layer that is bonded to the magnetite layer, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a surface conditioning apparatus having at least one surface conditioning member;
conditioning a surface of the sheet metal with the surface conditioning apparatus by bringing the at least one surface conditioning member into engagement with the surface of the sheet metal in a manner to remove substantially all of the hematite and magnetite layers from the surface, and in a manner to remove less than substantially all of the wustite layer from the surface so that a portion of the wustite layer remains bonded to the base metal substrate of the sheet metal; and
cold reducing the sheet metal with the wustite layer that remains bonded to the base metal substrate of the sheet metal.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of conditioning the surface of the sheet metal includes removing at least 10% of the wustite layer from the surface of the sheet metal before cold reducing the sheet metal.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of conditioning the surface of the sheet metal includes removing between 10% and 50% of the wustite layer from the surface of the sheet metal before cold reducing the sheet metal.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of conditioning the surface of the sheet metal includes removing an amount of the wustite layer from the surface so that a remaining layer of wustite measures no more than about 0.001 inches in average thickness.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one surface conditioning member is a rotating conditioning member having a generally cylindrical conditioning surface, and wherein the step of conditioning the surface of the sheet metal with the surface conditioning apparatus includes bringing the generally cylindrical conditioning surface of the rotating conditioning member into engagement with the surface of the sheet metal.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the at least one rotating conditioning member comprises a brush having a plurality of resilient fibers.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising cold reducing the sheet metal as an individual sheet.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising cold reducing the sheet metal as a continuous coil.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising cold reducing the sheet metal prior to applying a coating layer to the sheet metal.
10. A method of removing iron oxide scale from sheet metal and cold reducing the sheet metal, wherein the iron oxide scale generally comprises a wustite layer that is bonded to a base metal substrate of the sheet metal, a magnetite layer that is bonded to the wustite layer, and a hematite layer that is bonded to the magnetite layer, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a surface conditioning apparatus having at least one rotating conditioning member with a generally cylindrical conditioning surface; and
conditioning a surface of the sheet metal with the surface conditioning apparatus by bringing the generally cylindrical conditioning surface of the at least one surface conditioning member into engagement with the surface of the sheet metal in a manner to remove substantially all of the hematite and magnetite layers from the surface, and in a manner to remove less than substantially all of the wustite layer from the surface so that a portion of the wustite layer remains bonded to the base metal substrate of the sheet metal; and
cold reducing the sheet metal with the portion of the wustite layer remaining bonded to the base metal substrate of the sheet metal.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of conditioning the surface of the sheet metal includes bringing the generally cylindrical conditioning surface of the at least one surface conditioning member into engagement with the surface of the sheet metal in a manner to reduce an arithmetic mean of distances of departure of peaks and valleys on the surface, measured from a mean center line, to less than 50 micro inches.
12. The method of claim 10 further comprising cold reducing the sheet metal as individual sheets.
13. The method of claim 10 further comprising cold reducing the sheet metal as a continuous coil.
14. A method of removing rust from sheet metal surfaces and cold reducing the sheet metal, where the rust generally comprises a wustite layer bonded to the sheet metal surface, a magnetite layer bonded to the wustite layer, and a hematite layer bonded to the magnetite layer, the method comprising:
providing a surface conditioning apparatus having a surface conditioning member;
conditioning the surface of the sheet metal with the surface conditioning apparatus by the surface conditioning member removing substantially all of the hematite layer and the magnetite layer from the surface so that a portion of the wustite layer remains bonded to the sheet metal surface; and,
then cold reducing the sheet metal with the portion of the wustite layer on the sheet metal surface.
15. The method of claim 14 further comprising cold reducing the sheet metal as individual sheets.
16. The method of claim 14 further comprising cold reducing the sheet metal as a continuous coil.
17. The method of claim 14 further comprising removing at least 10% of the wustite layer from the sheet metal surface before cold reducing the sheet metal.
18. The method of claim 14 further comprising removing an amount of the wustite layer so that the portion of the wustite layer remaining bonded to the sheet metal surface measures no more than about 0.001 inches in average thickness.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A complex comprising:
a primary moiety for modulating a cellular function; and
at least two cell surface receptor ligands covalently connected to said primary moiety.
2. The complex of claim 1 further comprising a manifold covalently connected to said primary moiety and each of said cell surface receptor ligands.
3. The complex of claim 2 further comprising linking moieties forming covalent linkages from said manifold to said primary moiety and to each of said cell surface receptor ligands.
4. The complex of claim 1 wherein said primary moiety is a nucleoside, nucleotide, an oligonucleoside, an oligonucleotide or a pro-drug form of said nucleoside, nucleotide, oligonucleoside or oligonucleotide.
5. The complex of claim 1 wherein each of said cell surface receptor ligands is the same.
6. The complex of claim 1 comprising at least three cell surface receptor ligands.
7. The complex of claim 1 having three copies or said cell surface receptor ligand.
8. The complex of claim 1 wherein said primary compound is a peptide, protein, a molecule that can bind RNA, an antibiotic or an antibacterial compound.
9. The complex compound of claim 2 wherein said manifold moiety comprises a linear chain hydrocarbon, a branched chain hydrocarbon, an aliphatic ring system, an aromatic ring system, a heterocyclic ring system, a mixed ring system having two or more aliphatic aromatic and heterocyclic rings connected or fused, wherein said complex compound also having a plurality of reactive sites thereon.
10. The complex of claim 2 wherein said manifold is cholic acid or a derivative thereof.
11. The complex of claim 2 wherein said cell surface receptor ligands are carbohydrates.
12. The complex of claim 11 wherein said carbohydrates are mono-or polysaccharides.
13. The complex of claim 10 wherein said saccharides are each galactose, lactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, mannose or mannose 6-phosphate.
14. The complex of claim 2 wherein said cell surface receptor ligands are each galactose or lactose.
15. A chemical complex having the formula:
8
wherein
said primary moiety is a nucleotide, nucleoside, oligonucleotide or oligonucleoside;
each of said linkers are, independently, bi-or trifunctional;
said manifold is derivatized at a plurality of sites;
each of said cell surface receptor ligands is a carbohydrate; and
n is an integer from 2 to about 8.
16. The complex of claim 15 wherein said primary moiety is a nucleoside, nucleotide, oligonucleoside,oligonucleotide or a pro-drug form of said nucleoside, nucleotide, oligonucleoside or oligonucleotide.
17. The complex of claim 15 wherein there are at least three copies of the same cell surface receptor ligand.
18. The complex of claim 15 wherein said primary moiety is a peptide, protein, a molecule that can bind RNA, an antibiotic or an antibacterial compound.
19. The complex of claim 15 wherein said manifold comprises a linear chain hydrocarbon, a branched chain hydrocarbon, an aliphatic ring system, an aromatic ring system, a heterocyclic ring system, a mixed ring system having two or more aliphatic aromatic and heterocyclic rings connected or fused, wherein said complex compound optionally has a plurality of reactive sites thereupon.
20. The complex of claim 15 wherein said manifold is cholic acid or a derivative thereof.
21. The complex of claim 15 wherein said cell surface receptor ligands are carbohydrates.
22. The complex of claim 21 wherein said carbohydrates are independently mono-or polysaccharides.
23. The complex of claim 22 wherein said saccharides are, independently, galactose, lactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, mannose or mannose 6-phosphate.
24. The complex of claim 15 wherein said cell surface receptor ligands are galactose or lactose.
25. The complex of claim 15 wherein n is from 2 to 6.
26. The complex of claim 15 wherein n is from 2 to 4.
27. A method of facilitating cellular uptake of a primary moiety comprising: identifying a cell surface receptor on a target cell;
attaching a plurality of cell surface receptor ligands on said primary moiety to form a complex; and
contacting said cell with said complex.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein said complex compound has the formula:
9
wherein
said primary moiety is a nucleotide, nucleoside, oligonucleotide or oligonucleoside;
each of said linkers bi-or trifunctional;
said manifold is a multifunctional compound capable of being derivatized at a plurality of sites;
each of said cell surface receptor ligands is a carbohydrate; and
n is from 2 to about 8.
29. The method of claim 27 wherein said primary compound is a nucleoside, nucleotide, oligonucleoside, oligonucleotide or pro-drug form of said nucleoside, nucleotide, oligonucleoside or oligonucleotide.
30. The method of claim 27 wherein said complex comprises at least 3 copies of said cell surface receptor ligand.
31. The method of claim 27 wherein said complex has from three to four copies or said cell surface receptor ligand.
32. The method of claim 27 wherein said primary compound is selected as a peptide, protein, a molecule that can bind RNA, an antibiotic compound or an antibacterial compound.
33. The method of claim 27 wherein said manifold comprises a linear chain hydrocarbon, a branched chain hydrocarbon, an aliphatic ring system, an aromatic ring system, a heterocyclic ring system, a mixed ring system having two or more aliphatic aromatic or a plurality of heterocyclic ring connected or fused, said complex having a plurality of reactive sites thereon.
34. The method of claim 27 wherein said manifold comprises cholic acid or a derivative thereof.
35. The method of claim 27 wherein said cell surface receptor ligands are carbohydrates.
36. The method of claim 35 wherein said carbohydrates are mono-or polysaccharides.
37. The method of claim 36 wherein said saccharides are galactose, lactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, mannose or mannose 6-phosphate.
38. The method of claim 27 wherein said cell surface receptor ligands are galactose or lactose.
39. The method of claim 28 wherein n is from 2 to 6.
40. The method of claim 28 wherein n is from 2 to 4.