1. A device for interfacing with an advanced switching (AS) platform, used for interfacing a Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) network with an AS platform, comprising:
in the direction from the SDHSONET network to the AS platform,
a first line side interface processing module, for searching a frame header of received SDHSONET frames and descrambling the received SDHSONET frames;
a de-framing processing module, for de-framing signals outputted by the first line side interface processing module to obtain payloads of the SDHSONET frames;
a packaging module, for packaging a part of the payloads which is able to be scheduled by the SDHSONET network into one or more AS packets according to a packet format of the AS platform; and
a first AS interface processing module, for sending the AS packets outputted by the packaging module to a crossing structure of the AS platform; wherein
if the payloads of the SDHSONET frames are lower order traffic, the packaging module packages each of the lower order traffic into an AS packet or the packaging module splits each of the lower order traffic into several parts and packages each part into one AS packet; if the payloads of the SDHSONET frames are higher order traffic, the packaging module splits each of the higher order traffic into several parts and packages each part into one AS packet;
in the direction from the AS platform to the SDHSONET network,
a second AS interface processing module, for receiving AS packets sent by the AS platform;
an un-packaging module, for un-packaging the AS packets received by the second AS interface processing module and obtaining payloads of SDHSONET frames from the AS packets;
a mapping module, for mapping the payloads into SDHSONET frames; and
a second line side interface processing module, for scrambling the SDHSONET frames outputted by the mapping module, and transmitting the frames to the SDHSONET network.
2. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a crossing module, configured between the de-framing processing module and the packaging module, for performing a time-divided crossing process; or
a crossing module, configured between the packaging module and the first AS interface processing module, for performing a packet crossing process.
3. The device according to claim 2, wherein
the first line side interface processing module and the second line side interface processing module are integrated together; and
the first AS interface processing module and second AS interface processing module are integrated together.
4. The device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a crossing module, configured between the un-packaging module and the mapping module, for performing a time-divided crossing process; or
a crossing module, configured between the un-packaging module and the second AS interface processing module, for performing a packet crossing process.
5. The device according to claim 4, wherein
the first line side interface processing module and the second line side interface processing module are integrated together; and
the first AS interface processing module and second AS interface processing module are integrated together.
6. The device according to claim 1, wherein
the first line side interface processing module and the second line side interface processing module are integrated together; and
the first AS interface processing module and second AS interface processing module are integrated together.
7. A method for interfacing an AS platform, used for interfacing a SDHSONET network with an AS platform, comprising:
in the direction from the SDHSONET network to the AS platform,
receiving SDHSONET frames, searching the frame header of the SDHSONET frames and descrambling the SDHSONET frames;
de-framing the descrambled frames to obtain payloads of the SDHSONET frames; and
packaging a part of the payloads which is able to be scheduled by the SDHSONET network into one or more AS packets according to the packet format of the AS platform and transmitting the AS packets to the AS platform;
in the direction from the AS platform to the SDHSONET network,
receiving and un-packaging AS packets switched by the AS platform to obtain the payloads of SDHSONET frames from the AS packets;
mapping the payloads into SDHSONET frames;
scrambling the SDHSONET frames and transmitting the frames to the SDHSONET network;
wherein the packaging comprises: if the payloads of the SDHSONET frames are lower order traffic, packaging each of the lower order traffic into an AS packet or splitting each or the lower order traffic into several parts, and packaging each part into one AS packet; and if the payloads of the SDHSONET frames are higher order traffic, splitting each of the higher order traffic into several parts, and packaging each part into one AS packet.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the process of splitting each of the lower or higher order traffic into several parts comprises averagely splitting the traffic by columns.
9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
before packaging the traffic, pre-determining the number of packets into which each of the traffic is to be packaged according to at least one of the following factors: the size of granule for crossing dispatching, the allowable time delay, the data packet utilization ratio, the allowed maximum length of an AS packet, and the maximum packet length actually supported by physical chips.
10. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
performing a time-divided crossing process of the obtained payloads per time slot before packaging the payloads; or
performing a packet crossing process of the obtained AS packets after packaging the payloads and before transmitting the packets.
11. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
performing a packet crossing process of the received AS packets before un-packaging the received AS packets; or
performing a time-divided crossing process of the payloads obtained by un-packaging per time slot after un-packaging the received AS packets and before mapping the payloads to SDHSONET frames.
12. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
before packaging the traffic, pre-determining the number of packets into which each of the traffic is to be packaged according to at least one of the following factors: the size of granule for crossing dispatching, the allowable time delay, the data packet utilization ratio, the allowed maximum length of an AS packet, and the maximum packet length actually supported by physical chips.
13. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
performing a packet crossing process of the obtained AS packets after packaging the payloads and before transmitting the packets.
14. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
performing a time-divided crossing process of the obtained payloads per time slot before packaging the payloads.
15. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
performing a time-divided crossing process of the payloads obtained by un-packaging per time slot after un-packaging the received AS packets and before mapping the payloads to SDHSONET frames.
16. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
performing a packet crossing process of the received AS packets before un-packaging the received AS packets.
17. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
inserting useful overheads while packaging the payloads according to actual demands.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A flame retardant resin composition comprising
(A) 100 parts by weight of a bio-plastic,
(B) 5 to 100 parts by weight of an ammonium polyphosphate surface treated with a surface treating agent which does not generate formaldehyde under room temperature conditions, does not generate halogen upon combustion, and imparts water resistance, and
(C) 0 to 80 parts by weight of a flame retardant co-agent.
2. The flame retardant resin composition of claim 1 wherein the bio-plastic (A) is an aliphatic polyester resin derived from a natural product.
3. The flame retardant resin composition of claim 2 wherein the aliphatic polyester resin has an incipient pyrolysis temperature of 240\xb0 C. to 360\xb0 C.
4. The flame retardant resin composition of claim 2 wherein the aliphatic polyester resin is a polylactic acid.
5. The flame retardant resin composition of claim 1 wherein the surface treating agent in component (B) comprises
a co-hydrolytic condensate obtained through co-hydrolytic condensation of (i) 100 parts by weight of an organosilicon compound having the general formula (1) and (ii) 0.5 to 49 parts by weight of an amino group-containing alkoxysilane having the general formula (2) or a partial hydrolyzate thereof in the presence of an organic acid or inorganic acid, or
a co-hydrolytic condensate obtained through co-hydrolytic condensation of (i) 100 parts by weight of an organosilicon compound having the general formula (1), (ii) 0.5 to 49 parts by weight of an amino group-containing alkoxysilane having the general formula (2) or a partial hydrolyzate thereof, and (iii) 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a microparticulate inorganic oxide andor (iv) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a bis(alkoxysilyl) group-containing compound having the general formula (3) or a partial hydrolyzate thereof in the presence of an organic acid or inorganic acid,
the general formulae (1), (2) and (3) being:
(R1)a(OR2)bSiO(4-a-b)2\u2003\u2003(1)
wherein R1 is a C1-C6 alkyl group, R2 is a C1-C4 alkyl group, a is a positive number of 0.75 to 1.5, b is a positive number of 0.2 to 3, satisfying 0.9<a+b\u22664,
R3R4NR5\u2014SiR6d(OR2)3-d\u2003\u2003(2)
wherein R2 is as defined above, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C15 alkyl or aminoalkyl group, R5 is a divalent C1-C18 hydrocarbon group, R6 is a C1-C4 alkyl group, and d is 0 or 1,
(R1)k(OR2)3-kSi\u2014Y\u2014Si(R1)k(OR2)3-k\u2003\u2003(3)
wherein R1 and R2 are as defined above, Y is a divalent organic group, \u2014(OSi(R7)2)mO\u2014 or \u2014R\u2014(SiR72O)mSiR72\u2014R\u2014, R7 is a C1-C6 alkyl group, R is a divalent C1-C6 hydrocarbon group, m is an integer of 1 to 30, and k is 0, 1 or 2.
6. The flame retardant resin composition of claim 5 wherein the organosilicon compound (i) is a siloxane dimer represented by CH3(OR2)2Si2O wherein R2 is as defined above.
7. The flame retardant resin composition of claim 5 wherein the bis(alkoxysilyl) group-containing compound (iv) is selected from the group consisting of:
(CH3O)3SiCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2Si(OCH3)3, (CH3O)2CH3SiCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2SiCH3 (OCH3)2, (CH3O)3Si(OSi(CH3)2)6OSi(OCH3)3, (CH3O)3Si(OSi(CH3)2)8OSi(OCH3)3, (CH3O)3Si(OSi(CH3)2)10OSi(OCH3)3, (CH3O)3SiCH2CH2(Si(CH3)2O)5Si(CH3)2CH2CH2Si(OCH3)3, (CH3O)3SiCH2CH2(Si(CH3) 20)7Si(CH3)2CH2CH2Si(OCH3)3, (CH3O)3SiCH2CH2(Si(CH3)2O)9Si(CH3)2CH2CH2Si(OCH3)3, (CH3O)3SiCH2CH2C4F8CH2CH2Si(OCH3)3, and (CH3O)3SiCH2CH2C6F12CH2CH2Si(OCH3)3.
8. The flame retardant resin composition of claim 1 wherein the surface treating agent in component (B) is a polyester resin.
9. The flame retardant resin composition of claim 1 wherein the surface treating agent in component (B) is a polyvinyl alcohol resin.
10. The flame retardant resin composition of claim 1 wherein the ammonium polyphosphate in component (B) has a molecular weight of 2,000 to 10,000,000 and an average particle size of up to 30 \u03bcm.
11. The flame retardant resin composition of claim 1 wherein the flame retardant co-agent (C) is talc and compounded in an amount of 1 to 80 parts by weight.
12. The flame retardant resin composition of claim 1 wherein the flame retardant co-agent (C) is expandable graphite and compounded in an amount of 1 to 80 parts by weight.
13. The flame retardant resin composition of claim 1 wherein the flame retardant co-agent (C) is a melamine cyanurate compound and compounded in an amount of 1 to 80 parts by weight.