What is claimed is:
1. A toroidal-type continuously variable transmission, comprising:
an input shaft;
an input disk rotatable together with said input shaft;
an output disk disposed concentrically with said input disk and supported rotatable with respect to said input disk;
a plurality of trunnions respectively swingable about support shafts disposed at twisted positions with respect to the center axes of said input and output disks;
a plurality of shift shafts respectively supported on said trunnions;
a plurality of power rollers respectively rotatably supported on said shift shafts and interposed between said input and output disks; and
thrust ball bearings for supporting thrust loads applied to said power rollers,
wherein each of said thrust ball bearing comprises:
an inner ring raceway formed in the outer peripheral surface of said power roller;
an outer ring including an outer ring raceway formed in the inner peripheral surface thereof;
a plurality of rolling elementss interposed between and rollable along said inner ring raceway and said outer ring raceway; and,
a retainer for holding said balls therein,
wherein said retainer is formed of high strength brass and said high strength brass has a micro structure in which the phase thereof is 40% or more in the area ratio thereof, and the hardness of said retainer is set at HB80 or higher.
2. The toroidal-type continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, wherein the phase of the high strength brass is 80% or less in the area ratio of the micro structure.
3. The toroidal-type continuously variable transmission according to claim 1, wherein the retainer is a circular-ring shaped retainer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for determining a distance between a first device and a second device, the method comprising:
determining a first time of arrival for a first signal from a first base station sent to the second device via the first device;
determining a second time of arrival for a second signal sent directly from a second base station to the second device; and
determining the distance between the first device and the second device using the first and the second times of arrivals.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first base station serves the first device.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the first base station and the second base station are the same base station;
the same base station serves the first and the second devices; and
the same base station aligns timing of the first device and the second device to a common serving base station time.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the second base station serves the second device.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first and the second base stations are synchronized and timing of the first device and the second device is aligned to a common serving base station time.
6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
determining a third time of arrival for a third signal from the second base station sent to the second device via the first device;
determining a fourth time of arrival for a fourth signal sent directly from the first base station to the second device; and
determining the distance between the first device and the second device using the first, second, third and fourth times of arrival.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first base station and the second base station are not synchronized.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the distance between the first device and the second device comprises obtaining a difference between the first and the fourth times of arrival and between the second and the third times of arrival.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the distance between the first device and the second device comprises obtaining a difference between the first and second times of arrival.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein a messaging protocol used for sending and receiving signals is one of Long Term Evolution Positioning Protocol (LPP), LPP Extensions (LPPe) and Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the distance between the first device and the second device is lower than or higher than a threshold; and
enabling or disabling, respectively, communication between the first device and the second device using a device-to-device mode, wherein the device-to-device mode comprises the first device and the second device communicating with each other without sending data through the first base station or the second base station.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the distance between the first device and the second device is lower than a threshold; and
informing each of the first device and second device of being in proximity to the other device for one or more proximity services of interest to each of the first device and second device.
13. A device, comprising:
a transceiver configured to:
receive a first signal from a first base station sent to the device via a second device; and
receive a second signal sent directly from a second base station to the device; and
a processor configured to:
determine a first time of arrival for the first signal;
determine a second time of arrival for the second signal; and
determine a distance between the device and the second device using the first and the second times of arrivals.
14. The device of claim 13, wherein the first base station serves the second device.
15. The device of claim 14, wherein:
the first base station and the second base station are the same base station;
the same base station serves the device and the second device; and
the same base station aligns timing of the device and the second device to a common serving base station time.
16. The device of claim 14, wherein the second base station serves the device.
17. The device of claim 16, wherein the first and the second base stations are synchronized and timing of the device and the second device is aligned to a common serving base station time.
18. The device of claim 16, wherein
the transceiver is further configured to:
receive a third signal from the second base station sent to the device via the second device; and
receive a fourth signal sent directly from the first base station to the device; and
the processor is further configured to:
determine a third time of arrival for the third signal;
determine a fourth time of arrival for the fourth signal; and
determine the distance between the device and the second device using the first, second, third and fourth times of arrival.
19. The device of claim 18 wherein the first base station and the second base station are not synchronized.
20. The device of claim 18, wherein determining the distance between the device and the second device, by the processor, comprises obtaining a difference between the first and the fourth times of arrival and between the second and the third times of arrival.
21. The device of claim 13, wherein determining the distance between the device and the second device comprises obtaining a difference between the first and second times of arrival.
22. The device of claim 13, wherein a messaging protocol used for sending and receiving signals is one of Long Term Evolution Positioning Protocol (LPP), LPP Extensions (LPPe) and Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol.
23. The device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine that the distance between the device and the second device is lower than or higher than a threshold; and
enable or disabling, respectively, communication between the device and the second device using a device-to-device mode, wherein the device-to-device mode comprises the device and the second device communicating with each other without sending data through the first base station or the second base station.
24. The device of claim 13, wherein the process is further configured to:
determine that the distance between the first device and the second device is lower than a threshold; and
inform, using the transceiver, each of the first device and second device of being in proximity to the other device for one or more proximity services of interest to each of the first device and second device.
25. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein the non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprises instructions executable by a processor, the instructions comprising instructions to:
determine a first time of arrival for a first signal from a first base station sent to a second device via a first device;
determine a second time of arrival for a second signal sent directly from a second base station to the second device; and
determine a distance between the first device and the second device using the first and the second times of arrivals.
26. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 25, wherein the instructions executable by a processor further comprise instructions to:
determine that the distance between the first device and the second device is lower than or higher than a threshold; and
enable or disable, respectively, communication between the first device and the second device using a device-to-device mode, wherein the device-to-device mode comprises the first device and the second device communicating with each other without sending data through the first base station or the second base station.
27. A device, comprising:
means for determining a first time of arrival for a first signal from a first base station sent to the device via a second device;
means for determining a second time of arrival for a second signal sent directly from a second base station to the device; and
means for determining a distance between the device and the second device using the first and the second times of arrivals.
28. The device of claim 27, wherein the first base station serves the second device.
29. The device of claim 28, wherein:
the first base station and the second base station are the same base station;
the same base station serves the device and the second device; and
the same base station aligns timing of the device and the second device to a common serving base station time.
30. The device of claim 28, wherein the second base station serves the device.
31. The device of claim 30, wherein the first and the second base stations are synchronized and timing of the device and the second device is aligned to a common serving base station times.
32. The device of claim 30, further comprising:
means for determining a third time of arrival for a third signal from the second base station sent to the device via the second device;
means for determining a fourth time of arrival for a fourth signal sent directly from the first base station to the device; and
means for determining the distance between the device and the second device using the first, second, third and fourth times of arrival.
33. The device of claim 32, wherein the first base station and the second base station are not synchronized.
34. The device of claim 32, wherein determining the distance between the device and the second device comprises means for obtaining a difference between the first and the fourth times of arrival and between the second and the third times of arrival.
35. The device of claim 27, wherein determining the distance between the device and second device comprises means for obtaining a difference between the first and second times of arrival.
36. The device of claim 27, wherein a messaging protocol used for sending and receiving signals is one of Long Term Evolution Positioning Protocol (LPP), LPP Extensions (LPPe) and Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol.
37. The device of claim 27, further comprising:
means for determining that the distance between the device and the second device is lower than or higher than a threshold; and
means for enabling or disabling, respectively, communication between the device and the second device using a device-to-device mode, wherein the device-to-device mode comprises the device and the second device communicating with each other without sending data through the first base station or the second base station.
38. The device of claim 27, further comprising:
means for determining that the distance between the first device and the second device is lower than a threshold; and
means for informing each of the first device and second device of being in proximity to the other device for one or more proximity services of interest to each of the first device and second device.