1. A hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane comprising carbon and hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane has a hydrogen content of more than 50 atomic percent and less than 65 atomic percent, and wherein the hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane has a density of more than 1.3 grams per cubic centimeter (gcm3) and less than 1.5 gcm3.
2. The hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane has a compressive stress.
3. The hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane according to claim 2, wherein the compressive stress is more than 0.01 gigapascal (GPa) and less than 1 GPa.
4. The hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane has a spin density of less than 5\xd71016 spins per cubic centimeter (spinscm3).
5. A hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane comprising carbon and hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane has a hydrogen content of more than 0 atomic percent and less than 50 atomic percent, and wherein the hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane has a density of more than 1.4 gcm3 and less than 1.9 gcm3.
6. The hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane according to claim 5, wherein the hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane has a tensile stress.
7. The hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane according to claim 6, wherein the tensile stress is more than 0.05 GPa and less than 1 GPa.
8. The hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane according to claim 5, wherein the hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane has a spin density of more than 1\xd71017 spinscm3 and less than 1\xd71020 spinscm3.
9. A hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane comprising carbon and hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane includes at least one region and another region, the region having a hydrogen content of more than 50 atomic percent, and the other region having a hydrogen content of less than 50 atomic percent.
10. The hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane according to claim 9, wherein the region having a hydrogen content of more than 50 atomic percent comprises the hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane according to claim 1, and wherein the region having a hydrogen content of less than 50 atomic percent comprises the hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane according to claim 5.
11. The hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane according to claim 9, wherein the region having a hydrogen content of more than 50 atomic percent comprises a region having a relatively low refractive index, and wherein the region having a hydrogen content of less than 50 atomic percent comprises a region having a relatively high refractive index.
12. The hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane according to claim 9, wherein the region having a hydrogen content of more than 50 atomic percent comprises a region having a relatively high electric resistivity, and wherein the region having a hydrogen content of less than 50 atomic percent comprises a region having a relatively low electric resistivity.
13. The hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane according to claim 5, wherein the hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane has a distribution of hydrogen content in a thickness direction.
14. The hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane according to claim 9, wherein the hydrogen-containing carbonaceous membrane has a distribution of hydrogen content in a thickness direction.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of transmitting a normal packet from a transmitting node having a first channel in a network system, said normal packet being transmitted to a receiving node having a second chanel, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) detecting a first set of unoccupied mini slots that flow in said second channel;
(b) checking a destination address of each of incoming packets loaded into a second set of mini slots that flow in said first channel, said incoming packets including at least one priority packet whose destination address is set to a node other than said transmitting node;
(c) temporarily storing said at least one priority packet in a priority storage; and
(d) transmitting said normal packet to said receiving node by loading said normal packet into said first set of unoccupied mini slots.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of (e) transmitting said at least one priority packet stored in said priority storage by loading said at least one priority packet into a third set of mini slots that flow in said first channel.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said third set of mini slots flow in said first channel next to said second set of mini slots.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said normal packet is tuned to said second channel before being loaded into said first set of unoccupied mini slots.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of receiving at least one regular packet included in said incoming packets, said at least one regular packet having its destination address set to said transmitting node.
6. A method of transmitting a normal packet from a transmitting node having a first packet-receiving channel in a network system, said normal packet being transmitted to a receiving node having a second packet-receiving channel, the method comprising the steps of:
detecting a first set of unoccupied mini slots that flow in said second channel;
detecting a second set of mini slots that flow in said first channel;
checking a destination address of each incoming packet loaded into said second set of mini slots;
receiving each regular packet from said second set of mini slots, said each regular packet having its destination address is set to said transmitting node;
receiving each priority packet from said second set of mini slots, said each priority packet having its destination address is set to a node other than said transmitting node;
temporarily storing each priority packet in a priority storage; and
transmitting said normal packet to said receiving node by loading said normal packet into said first set of unoccupied mini slots.
7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of transmitting each priority packet stored in said priority storage by loading each priority packet into a third set of mini slots that flow in said first channel.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said third set of mini slots flow in said first channel next to said second set of mini slots.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein said normal packet is tuned to said second channel before being loaded into said first set of unoccupied mini slots.
10. An apparatus of transmitting a normal packet from a transmitting node having a first channel in a network system, said normal packet being transmitted to a receiving node having a second channel, the apparatus comprising:
a Wavelength Tunable Receiver (WTR) detecting a first set of unoccupied mini slots that flow in said second channel;
a Wavelength Fixed Receiver (WFR) checking a destination address of each of incoming packets loaded into a second set of mini slots that flow in said first channel, said incoming packets including at least one priority packet whose destination address is set to said transmitting node;
a priority storage temporarily storing said at least one priority packet; and
a Wavelength Tunable Transmitter (WTT) transmitting said normal packet to said receiving node by loading said normal packet into said first set of unoccupied mini slots.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said WTT further transmits said at least one priority packet temporarily stored in said priority storage by loading said at least one priority packet into a third set of mini slots that flow in said first channel.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said third set of mini slots flow in said first channel next to said second set of mini slots.
13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said WTT tunes said normal packet to said second channel before loading said normal packet into said first set of unoccupied mini slots.
14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said WFR receives at least one regular packet included in said incoming packets, said at least one regular packet having its destination address is set to said transmitting node.