1. A temperature probe for use in fluid-filled transformers, comprising an optical fiber, a temperature sensitive member, and a protective sheath, the optical fiber and the sensitive member being located in the protective sheath, the sheath defining at least one substantially longitudinal slit so as to allow fluid to flow into the sheath.
2. A temperature probe as defined in claim 1, wherein the sheath is tubular.
3. A temperature probe as defined in claim 1, wherein the slit is a single continuous slit.
4. A temperature probe as defined in claim 3, wherein the continuous slit extends substantially a length of the protective sheath.
5. A temperature probe as defined in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber is mounted in the sheath using a bonding material.
6. A temperature probe as defined in claim 5, wherein the optical fiber is mounted with the bonding material at a distance from the sheath.
7. A temperature probe as defined in claim 1, wherein the sensitive member is mounted to the optical fiber.
8. A temperature probe as defined in claim 7, wherein the sensitive member is mounted substantially at a distal end of the optical fiber and at a distance from the sheath.
9. A temperature probe comprising an optical fiber, a temperature sensitive member, and a protective sheath, the optical fiber and the sensitive member being located in the protective sheath.
10. A temperature probe as defined in claim 9, wherein the sensitive member is mounted to the optical fiber within the sheath.
11. A temperature probe as defined in claim 10, wherein the sensitive member is mounted substantially at a distal end of the optical fiber.
12. A temperature probe as defined in claim 10, wherein the sensitive member is spaced from the sheath.
13. A temperature probe as defined in claim 10, wherein the sensitive member is mounted to the optical fiber with an adhesive.
14. A temperature probe as defined in claim 9, wherein the optical fiber is mounted to the sheath using a bonding material and at a distance from the sheath.
15. A temperature probe comprising an optical fiber, a temperature sensitive member, and a protective sheath, the sensitive member being mounted to the optical fiber and the optical fiber being mounted to the protective sheath.
16. A temperature probe as defined in claim 15, wherein the optical fiber is mounted in the sheath using a bonding material.
17. A temperature probe as defined in claim 16, wherein the optical fiber is mounted with the bonding material at a distance from the sheath.
18. A temperature probe as defined in claim 15, wherein the sensitive member is spaced from the sheath.
19. A temperature probe as defined in claim 15, wherein an inside surface of the sheath is treated for better adherence of the bonding material thereto.
20. A temperature probe as defined in claim 19, wherein the inside surface of the sheath is at least one of chemically-etched and mechanically-modified.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An encoding method for the compression of a video sequence divided in groups of frames decomposed by means of a three-dimensional (3D) wavelet transform leading to a given number of successive resolution levels corresponding to the decomposition levels of said transform, said method being based on a hierarchical subband encoding process leading from the original set of picture elements (pixels) of each group of frames to transform coefficients constituting a hierarchical pyramid, and a spatio-temporal orientation tree \u2014in which the roots are formed with the pixels of the approximation subband resulting from the 3D wavelet transform and the offspring of each of these pixels is formed with the pixels of the higher subbands corresponding to the image volume defined by these root pixels\u2014defining the spatio-temporal relationship inside said hierarchical pyramid, said encoding method comprising the steps of:
(A) preserving the initial subband structure of the 3D wavelet transform by scanning the subbands one after the other in an order that respects the parent-offspring dependencies formed in said spatio-temporal tree;
(B) adding \u201coffon\u201d flags to each coefficient of the spatio-temporal tree in view of a progressive transmission of the most significant bits of the coefficients, these flags being such that at least one of them describes the state of significance of a set of pixels and at least another one describes the state of significance of a single pixel, wherein two flags describe the state of significance of a set of pixels and are, for each coefficient (x,y,z) of said spatio-temporal tree:
FS1 if D(x,y,z) is still insignificant;
FS2 if L(x,y,z) is still insignificant;
where D(x,y,z) is the set of coordinates of all the descendants of the node (x,y,z) and L(x,y,z)=D(x,y,z)\u2212O(x,y,z), with O(x,y,z) is the set of coordinates of the direct offspring of the node (x,y,z), and
two flags describe the state of significance of a single pixel and are:
FP3 if the current pixel is significant;
FP4 if it is not significant or if its significance is to be analyzed.
2. The encoding method according to claim 1, wherein for each bitplane, the tree scanning is spatially oriented, all the temporal resolutions being successively scanned inside each spatial scale and resolution flags being introduced between any two spatial scales.
3. The encoding method according to claim 1, wherein for each bitplane, the tree scanning is temporally oriented, all the spatial resolutions being successively scanned inside each temporal scale and resolution flags being introduced between any two temporal scales.
4. The encoding method according to claim 1, wherein for each bitplane, an intermediate tree scanning is performed, all the temporal and spatial resolutions of the same scale being jointly scanned and resolution flags being introduced between any two spatialtemporal scales.
5. The encoding method according to claim 1, wherein the exploration of the spatio-temporal tree, implemented in said scanning order, includes, after an initialization step where the flag FP4 is put to all the coefficients of the lowest spatio-temporal subband and the flag FS1 to 7 over 8 coefficients of said lowest spatio-temporal subband, and the maximum significance level MSL is calculated, the following steps, carried out from the bitplane n =MSL down to the bitplane n =0 and from the lowest subband resolution down to the highest one:
(a) a first set of tests related to the set significance;
(1) if the flag FS1 is \u201con\u201d, then output Sn (D(x,y,z)):
if Sn (D(x,y,z)) = 1, then:
for each (x\u2032,y\u2032,z\u2032) in O(x,y,z), put flag FP4;
remove flag FS1 from (x,y,z);
if L(x,y,z) not empty, then put flag FS2.
(2) if flag FS2 is \u201con\u201d, then output Sn (L(x,y,z)):
if Sn (L(x,y,z)) = 1, then:
for each (x\u2032,y\u2032,z\u2032) in O(x,y,z), put flag FS1;
remove flag FS2 from (x,y,z).
(b) a second set of tests related to the pixel significance:
(1) if the flag FP3 is \u201con\u201d, then output = the n-th bit of
(x,y,z);
(2) if the flag FP4 is \u201con\u201d, then output Sn (x,y,z):
if Sn(x,y,z) = 1, then:
put flag FP3 \u201con\u201d;
output sign (x,y,z);
and remove flag FP4.
6. The encoding method according to claim 1 further comprising the step of:
partially decoding the bitstream between two resolution flags, leading to a lower resolutionframe rate reconstructed video sequence.
7. The encoding method according to claim 6, wherein the context used for the encoding of each bit related to the set significance in an arithmetic coding module is built using the bits of the same bitplane of the last scanned neighboring wavelet coefficients in the same spatio-temporal subband, these bits being the bits output during the first set of tests related to the set significance.
8. The encoding method according to claim 6, wherein the context used for the encoding of each bit related to the pixel significance in an arithmetic coding module is built using the bits of the same bitplane of the last scanned neighboring wavelet coefficients in the same spatio-temporal subband, these bits being 1 if the neighboring coefficients are marked by an FP3 flag and 0 if not.
9. An encoding system for the compression of a video sequence divided in groups of frames decomposed by means of a three-dimensional (3D) wavelet transform leading to a given number of successive resolution levels corresponding to the decomposition levels of said transform, said method being based on a hierarchical subband encoding process leading from the original set of picture elements (pixels) of each group of frames to transform coefficients constituting a hierarchical pyramid, and a spatio-temporal orientation tree \u2014in which the roots are formed with the pixels of the approximation subband resulting from the 3D wavelet transform and the offspring of each of these pixels is formed with the pixels of the higher subbands corresponding to the image volume defined by these root pixels defining the spatio-temporal relationship inside said hierarchical pyramid, said encoding system comprising:
a processor in communication with a memory, said processor executing code for:
(A) preserving the initial subband structure of the 3D wavelet transform by scanning the subbands one after the other in an order that respects the parent-offspring dependencies formed in said spatio-temporal tree; and
(B) adding \u201coffon\u201d flags to each coefficient of the spatio-temporal tree in view of a progressive transmission of the most significant bits of the coefficients, these flags being such that at least one of them describes the state of significance of a set of pixels and at least another one describes the state of significance of a single pixel, wherein two flags describe the state of significance of a set of pixels and are, for each coefficient (x,y,z) of said spatio-temporal tree:
FS1 if D(x,y,z) is still insignificant;
FS2 if L(x,y,z) is still insignificant;
where D(x,y,z) is the set of coordinates of all the descendants of the node (x,y,z) and L(x,y,z) =D(x,y,z) \u2212O(x,y,z), with O(x,y,z) is the set of coordinates of the direct offspring of the node (x,y,z), and
two flags describe the state of significance of a single pixel and are:
FP3 if the current pixel is significant;
FP4 if it is not significant or if its significance is to be analyzed.
10. The system as recited in claim 9, wherein said code is stored in said memory.
11. The system as recited in claim 9, further comprising:
an inputoutput device in communication with said processor and said memory.