1. A filter apparatus comprising:
(a) a central reservoir configured to contain a sample;
(b) at least a first, a second, a third, and a fourth satellite reservoir in fluid communication with the central reservoir;
(c) at least a first, a second, a third, and a fourth portal joining a corresponding one of the at least first, second, third and fourth satellite reservoirs with the central reservoir;
(d) at least a first, a second, a third, and a fourth filtration device, differing from each other in pI-selectivity,
wherein the first, second, third, and fourth filtration devices are positioned in the first, second, third, and fourth portals, respectively,
wherein the first filtration device is either a highest-pI-selective or a lowest-pI-selective filtration device and the second filtration device is the other of the highest-pI-selective or the lowest-pI-selective filtration device, and
wherein the third filtration is either a higher-pI-selective or a lower-pI-selective filtration device and the fourth filtration device is the other of the higher-pI-selective or the lower-pI-selective filtration device
wherein the first, second, third and fourth filtration devices comprise a member independently selected from an isoelectric bead bed and a zwitterionic packed particulate material wherein the isoelectric bead bed comprises porous beads coated with a passivating layer, wherein the porous beads are filled with a substance comprising a predetermined isoelectric point; and
(e) at least a first electrode configured to be in electrical contact with the first satellite reservoir, a second electrode configured to be in electrical contact with the second satellite reservoir, a third electrode configured to be in electrical contact with the third satellite reservoir, and a fourth electrode configured to be in electrical contact with the fourth satellite reservoir,
wherein the first and the second electrodes are oppositely charged,
wherein the first and the second satellite reservoirs are oppositely positioned across the central reservoir,
wherein the third and the fourth electrodes are oppositely charged, and
wherein the third and the fourth satellite reservoirs are oppositely positioned across the central reservoir,
wherein in a first separation step, the first and second electrodes are configured to be charged so that molecules move through the highest-pI-selective and lowest-pI-selective filtration devices and into the first and second satellite reservoirs, and
wherein after the first separation step, the first and second electrodes are configured to be de-charged and the third and fourth electrodes are configured to be charged so that molecules move through the higher-pI-selective and lower-pI-selective filtration devices and into the third and fourth satellite reservoirs, thereby leaving molecules having pI values between the pI-selectivities of the higher-pI-selective and lower-pI-selective filtration devices in the central reservoir.
2. The filter apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a switching apparatus configured to charge and de-charge the electrodes.
3. The filter apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the filtration devices associated with the satellite reservoirs comprise a zwitterionic packed particulate material.
4. The filter apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the filtration devices associated with the satellite reservoirs further comprises a sequence of barriers, and wherein at least one of the barriers is a zwitterionic packed particulate material.
5. The filter apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the sequence of barriers comprises two or more barriers and at least one of said two or more barriers is a membrane or is particulate matter comprising a selective ligand, and wherein the membrane or particulate matter is positioned between the zwitterionic packed particulate material and the satellite reservoir.
6. The filter apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the particulate material has an irregular or spherical shape.
7. The filter apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the filtration devices associated with the satellite reservoirs further comprise a sequence of barriers, and wherein at least one of the barriers is an isoelectric bead bed.
8. The filter apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the isoelectric bead bed is formed of a polymeric material or a composite material.
9. The filter apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
at least one cut-off membrane positioned between at least one electrode and the satellite reservoir associated therewith,
wherein the cut-off membrane is impermeable to molecules greater than 500 Daltons.
10. The filter apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a power source comprising two oppositely charged poles,
wherein one of the poles is connected to the first and third electrodes and the other pole is connected to the second and fourth electrodes.
11. The filter apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrodes are separated from the central reservoir by a distance of no more than about 1 cm, no more than about 5 cm, no more than about 10 cm, no more than about 15 cm, no more than about 20 cm, no more than about 30 cm, no more than about 35 cm, no more than about 40 cm, no more than about 45 cm, or no more than about 50 cm.
12. The filter apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sample in the central reservoir, the sample comprising amphoteric molecules.
13. The filter apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the amphoteric molecules comprise proteins.
14. The filter apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the filtration devices have pI-selectivity values that differ from each other in increments selected from the group consisting of about 0.001 pH unit, about 0.01 pH unit, about 0.1 pH unit, and about 1.0 pH unit.
15. The filter apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the central reservoir is configured to rotate or is configured to stir a sample therein.
16. The filter apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the filtration devices further comprise membranes formed of a polyacrylamide gel to which an acrylamido buffer is covalently linked.
17. The filter apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the filtration devices comprises an isoelectric bead bed.
18. The filter apparatus according to claim 1, wherein after n separation steps, 2n+1 samples are isolated based on pI value.
19. A filter apparatus comprising:
(a) a central reservoir configured to contain a sample;
(b) at least a first, a second, a third, and a fourth satellite reservoir in fluid communication with the central reservoir;
(c) at least a first, a second, a third, and a fourth portal joining a corresponding one of the at least first, second, third and fourth satellite reservoirs with the central reservoir;
(d) at least a first, a second, a third, and a fourth filtration device,
wherein the first, second, third and fourth filtration devices differ from each other in pI-selectivity,
wherein the first, second, third, and fourth filtration devices are positioned in the first, second, third, and fourth portals, respectively,
wherein the first, second, third and fourth filtration devices comprise an isoelectric bead bed, wherein the isoelectric bead bed comprises porous beads coated with a passivating layer, wherein the porous beads are filled with a substance comprising a predetermined isoelectric point;
(e) a first electrode in electrical contact with the central reservoir,
(f) a primary second electrode in electrical contact with the first satellite reservoir, a secondary second electrode in electrical contact with the second satellite reservoir, a tertiary second electrode in electrical contact with the third satellite reservoir, a quaternary second electrode in electrical contact with the fourth satellite reservoir,
wherein the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary second electrodes are configured to have an opposite charge from that of the first electrode;
(g) a switching device configured to charge and de-charge the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary second electrodes sequentially.
20. The filter apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the porous beads comprise a mineral oxide.
21. The filter apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the mineral oxide is a member selected from zirconia, silica, titania, alumina, and combinations thereof.
22. The filter apparatus of claim 19, wherein the wherein the first, second, third and fourth filtration devices further comprise a series of barriers, and wherein at least one of the barriers in the sequence of barriers is a membrane or particulate matter comprising a selective ligand, and wherein the membrane or particulate matter is positioned between the isoelectric bead bed and the satellite reservoir.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A portable terminal comprising:
a display that displays information;
a microphone that collects audio information;
a position detector that detects a positional information;
a communicator that transmits an audio data based on the audio information and
the positional information to an external device, and receives extraction information from the external device, the external device extracting the extraction information based on the audio data and the positional information: and
a controller that controls the display to display information according to the extraction information.
2. The portable terminal of claim 1, wherein the communicator receives data from the external device, the external device converting the audio data into the data, and
the controller that controls the display to display information according to the data.
3. The portable terminal of claim 1, wherein the audio data relating to an inquiry, and
the controller that controls the display to display information according to an answer to the inquiry.
4. The portable terminal of claim 1, wherein the communicator receives the
extraction information from the external device, the external device extracting the extraction information in a predetermined region based on the positional information, and
the controller that controls the display to display information according to the predetermined region.
5. The portable terminal of claim 1, wherein the controller that controls the display to display information according to a voiceprint of the audio information.
6. The portable terminal of claim 1, further comprising a time detector that detects time information, and
the communicator transmits the time information to the external device.
7. The portable terminal of claim 1, wherein the communicator comprises a wireless unit.
8. The portable terminal of claim 1, wherein the position detector comprises an absolute localization system.
9. The portable terminal of claim 1, further comprising a touch panel association with the display to operate the portable terminal.
10. The portable terminal of claim 1, further comprising a biometrics that recognize user.
11. A portable terminal comprising:
a memory that stores a first schedule;
a display that displays information;
a microphone that collects audio information;
a communicator that transmits an audio data based on the audio information to an external device, and receives data from the external device, the external device converting the audio data into the data; and
a controller that controls the display to display information according to the data and stores the data into the memory when the audio information associates with a second schedule.
12. The portable terminal of claim 11, further comprising a warning unit that issues a warning when the first schedule and the second schedule overlap.
13. The portable terminal of claim 12, wherein the warning unit outputs warning sound.
14. The portable terminal of claim 12, wherein the warning unit displays a warning on the display.
15. The portable terminal of claim 13, wherein the warning unit displays a warning on the display.
16. The portable terminal of claim 12, wherein the controller displays the first schedule and the second schedule on the display so as to distinguish the first schedule and the second schedule.
17. The portable terminal of claim 11, wherein the controller erases the first schedule from the memory based on the audio information by the microphone.
18. The portable terminal of claim 11, further comprising a position detector that detects positional information, and
the controller erases the first schedule from the memory based on the positional information by the position detector.
19. The portable terminal of claim 11, further comprising a place detector that detects place information, and
a warning unit that issues a warning when a current place by the place detector does not match a place where the first schedule is performed.
20. The portable terminal of claim 11, further comprising a time detector that detects time information, and
a warning unit that issues a warning a predetermined period of time for the first schedule.
21. The portable terminal of claim 11, further comprising a biometric sensor that senses biometrics.
22. A portable terminal comprising:
a display that displays information;
a microphone that collects audio information;
a position detector that detects a positional information;
a generator that generates data based on the audio data;
a communicator that transmits the data and the positional information to an external device, and receives extraction information from the external device, the external device extracting the extraction information based on the data and the positional information; and
a controller that controls the display to display information according to the extraction information.
23. The portable terminal of claim 22, wherein the audio information relating to an inquiry, and
the controller that controls the display to display information according to an answer to the inquiry.
24. The portable terminal of claim. 22, wherein the communicator receives the extraction information from the external device, the external device extracting the extraction information in a predetermined region based on the positional information, and
the controller that controls the display to display information according to the predetermined region.
25. The portable terminal of claim 22, further comprising a touch panel association with the display to operate the portable terminal.
26. The portable terminal of claim 22, further comprising a biometrics that recognize a user.
27. A portable terminal comprising:
a memory that stores a first schedule;
a display that displays information;
a microphone that collects audio information;
a generator that generates data based on the audio data; and
a controller that controls the display to display information according to the data and stores the data into the memory when the audio information associates with a second schedule.
28. The portable terminal of claim 27, further comprising a warning unit that issues a warning when the first schedule and the second schedule overlap.
29. The portable terminal of claim 28, wherein the warning unit outputs warning sound.
30. The portable terminal of claim 27, wherein the warning unit displays a warning on the display.
31. The portable terminal of claim 28, wherein the warning unit displays a warning on the display.
32. The portable terminal of claim 28, wherein the controller displays the first schedule and the second schedule on the display so as to distinguish the first schedule and the second schedule.
33. The portable terminal of claim 27, further comprising a time detector that detects time information, and a warning unit that issues a warning a predetermined period of time for the first schedule.
34. The portable terminal of claim 27, further comprising a biometric sensor that senses biometrics.
35. A method of controlling a portable terminal comprising the steps of:
transmitting an audio data and positional information to an external device;
receiving extraction information from the external device, the external device extracting the extraction information based on the audio data and the positional information; and
displaying information according to the extraction information on a display.
36. A method of controlling a portable terminal comprising the steps of:
generating data based on the audio data;
transmitting the data and positional information to an external device;
receiving extraction information from the external device, the external device extracting the extraction information based on the data and the positional information; and
displaying information according to the extraction information on a display.
37. A method of controlling a portable terminal comprising the steps of:
storing a first schedule into a memory;
transmitting audio data to an external device;
receiving data from the external device, the external device converting the audio data into the data;
displaying information according to the data on a display; and
storing the data into the memory when the audio information associates with a schedule.
38. A method of controlling a portable terminal comprising the steps of:
storing a first schedule into a memory;
generating data based on the audio data;
displaying information according to the data on a display; and
storing the data into the memory when the audio information associates with a second schedule.