1. A display device having power supply, including:
pixels arranged in a matrix from, each pixel comprising:
a coupling in one end connected to a data line;
a selection transistor, having one end connected to the coupling capacitor, and which is switchable between ON and OFF states by a selection line connected to a control terminal of the selection transistor;
a driving transistor, having a control terminal connected to the other end of the switching transistor, and one end connected to the power supply;
a light emission control transistor, having one end connected to another end of the driving transistor, and being turned ON and OFF by a light emission control line;
a current driven type light emitting element connected to another end of the light emission control transistor;
a storage capacitor which connects a control terminal of the driving transistor and the one end of the driving transistor that is connected to the power supply side; and
a reset transistor that connects (i) the one end of the light emission control transistor that is connected to the another end of the driving transistor to (ii) the one end of the selection transistor that is connected to the coupling capacitor, and that is turned ON and OFF by a reset line; and
a driver for controlling potential of each line;
wherein,
following (a) the driver writing a data voltage, corresponding to a gradation signal supplied to the data line, to the storage capacitor via the coupling capacitor, and
with (b) the selection transistor and the light emission control transistor in an off state and the reset transistor turned on,
thereby (c) a compensation voltage according to mobility of the driving transistor is developed on the coupling capacitor; and
wherein further,
with (d) the compensation voltage developed on the coupling capacitor in a state where the same gradation signal is supplied to all pixels,
the driver then (e) turns off the selection transistor, and turns on both the light emission control transistor and the reset transistor,
causing (f) a second voltage to be developed on the coupling capacitor that corresponds to a voltage increase across the light emitting element
following which the driver (g) performs equalization processing by causing current to flow in the driving transistor based on the second voltage.
2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the current driven type light emitting elements are organic EL elements.
3. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the driver is capable of varying the time that the reset transistor is turned on with the selection transistor and the light emission control transistors in an off state.
4. The display device of claim 3, wherein
the current driven type light emitting elements are organic EL elements.
5. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the driver turns the light emission control transistor on in a state where the selection transistor and the reset transistor are turned off, and after that turns the reset transistor on with the selection transistor and the light emission control transistor turned off.
6. The display device of claim 5, wherein
the current driven type light emitting elements are organic EL elements.
7. The display device of claim 5, wherein
the driver is capable of varying the time that the reset transistor is turned on with the selection transistor and the light emission control transistors in an off state.
8. The display device of claim 7, wherein
the current driven type light emitting elements are organic EL elements.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
I claim:
1. An electric lamp, comprising:
a sealed first envelope enclosing an environment and being transparent to light;
a first electrical conductor and a second electrical conductor sealed into and passing through said first envelope and being electrically connectable external of said first envelope to a source of electrical power;
an electric lamp capsule comprising a sealed second envelope, contained within said environment, a first lead wire and a second lead wire sealed into and passing through said second envelope, said first lead wire being electrically connected to said first electrical conductor, and said second lead wire being electrically connected to said second electrical conductor to provide for a lamp circuit;
an end-of-life device contained within said environment and being electrically connected in series with said lamp circuit, said end-of-life device being of the type that will ignite during lamp operation in the presence of air to open said lamp circuit; and
a filling contained within said environment, said filling being inert at least relative to said end-of-life device and having a thermal conductivity high enough to cool said end-of-life device during energization of said electric lamp capsule, within said sealed first envelope, sufficiently to lower resistance and power loss in said end-of-life device, thereby increasing lamp efficacy and eliminating visual radiation of said end-of-life device.
2. The electric lamp of claim 1 further including a lamp base mechanically connected to said first envelope and electrically connected to said first electrical conductor and said second electrical conductor.
3. The electric lamp of claim 2 wherein one of said first electrical conductor and said second electrical conductor is electrically connected to a center tap of said lamp base, and further wherein another of said first electrical conductor and said second electrical conductor is electrically connected to a side tap of said lamp base.
4. The electric lamp of claim 1 wherein said end-of-life device is tungsten.
5. The electric lamp of claim 4 wherein said end-of-life device is a coiled wire.
6. The electric lamp of claim 1 wherein said filling is at least helium.
7. The electric lamp of claim 5 wherein said filling is at least helium.
8. The electric lamp of claim 1 further comprising means for supporting said electric lamp capsule and said end-of-life device.
9. The electric lamp of claim 1 wherein said sealed first envelope comprises a vitreous material having a thickness about 0.5 to 0.75 mm.
10. The electric lamp of claim 9 wherein said end-of-life device is a coiled tungsten wire and said filling is at least helium gas.
11. An incandescent lamp, comprising:
a sealed, light transmissive tungsten halogen capsule including a first lead wire and a second lead wire;
a sealed, light transmissive envelope enclosing said capsule and including a first electrical conductor and a second electrical conductor sealed into and passing through said envelope and being electrically connectable external of said envelope to a source of electrical power, said first lead wire and said second lead wire being electrically connected to said first electrical conductor and said second electrical conductor, respectively,
an oxidizable pyrophoric fuse contained within said envelope and external of said capsule, said fuse being connected electrically in series with said first lead wire and said second lead wire; and
an inert gas, contained within said sealed, light transmissive envelope, having a thermal conductivity sufficiently high to reduce the temperature of said fuse during operation of said electric lamp within said sealed light transmissive envelope sufficiently to (a) reduce resistance and power loss in the fuse; (b) increase lamp efficacy; and (c) eliminate visible light emission by said fuse.
12. The incandescent lamp of claim 11 further including a lamp base mechanically connected to said envelope and electrically connected to said first electrical conductor and said second electrical conductor.
13. The incandescent lamp of claim 12 wherein one of said first electrical conductor and said second electrical conductor is electrically connected to a center tap of said lamp base, and another of said first electrical conductor and said second electrical conductor is electrically connected to a side tap of said lamp base.
14. The incandescent lamp of claim 11 wherein said fuse is tungsten.
15. The incandescent lamp of claim 14 wherein said fuse is a coiled wire.
16. The incandescent lamp of claim 11 wherein said gas is at least helium.
17. The incandescent lamp of claim 15 wherein said gas is at least helium.
18. The incandescent lamp of claim 11 further comprising a support, for said fuse and said capsule, said support including a first portion mechanically connected to said capsule, an electrically conductive second portion electrically connected to said first lead wire, and an electrically conductive third portion electrically connected to said first electrical conductor, said fuse being electrically connected between said second portion and said third portion.
19. The incandescent lamp of claim 11 further comprising means for supporting said capsule and said end-of-life device.
20. The incandescent lamp of claim 11 wherein said envelope comprises a vitreous material having a thickness about 0.5 to 0.75 mm.
21. The incandescent lamp of claim 20 wherein said end-of-life device is a coiled tungsten wire and said filling is at least helium gas.
22. An electric lamp, comprising:
a light source;
a sealed, light transmissive envelope enclosing said light source and having a first electrical conductor and a second electrical conductor sealed into and passing through said envelope and being electrically connectable external of said envelope to a source of electrical power, said first electrical conductor and said second electrical conductor being electrically coupled to, and forming a closed electrical circuit during lamp operation with, said light source;
means for opening said circuit during operation of said light source in the presence of air; and
means for cooling said opening means during operation of said light source within said sealed light transmissive envelope sufficiently to prevent, or at least reduce (a) loss of lamp efficacy and (b) visible light emitted by said opening means.
23. The electric lamp of claim 22 further comprising means for supporting said light source and said opening means.
24. A method of operating an electric lamp of the type having a sealed outer envelope enclosing an environment, and a lamp capsule and end-of-life device within said environment, said end-of-life device being electrically connected in series with said lamp capsule to form a lamp circuit, comprising the steps of:
initiating energization of said lamp capsule in a lamp initiation mode;
conducting heat away from said end-of-life device during said energization to cool said end-of-life device sufficiently to lower resistance and power loss in said end-of-life device to increase electric lamp efficacy and eliminate visual radiation of said end-of-life device, in a normal lamp operation mode; and
increasing the temperature of said end-of-life device in the presence of air sufficiently to ignite said end-of-life device, open said lamp circuit, and extinguish said lamp capsule, in an envelope breakage mode.
25. An electrical lamp, comprising:
a sealed first envelope enclosing an environment and being transparent to light;
a first electrical conductor and a second electrical conductor sealed into and passing through said first envelope and being electrically connectable external of said first envelope to a source of electrical power;
an electric lamp capsule comprising a sealed second envelope, contained within said environment, a first lead wire and a second lead wire sealed into and passing through said second envelope, said first lead wire being electrically connected to said first electrical conductor, and said second lead wire being electrically connected to said second electrical conductor, to provide for a lamp circuit;
an end-of-life device contained within said environment and being electrically connected in series with said lamp circuit, said end-of-life device being of the type that will ignite during lamp operation in the presence of air to open said lamp circuit;
a filling contained within said environment, said filling being inert at least relative to said end-of-life device and having a thermal conductivity high enough to cool said end-of-life device during energization of said electric lamp capsule, within said sealed first envelope, sufficiently to lower resistance and power loss in said end-of-life device, thereby increasing lamp efficacy and eliminating visual radiation of said end-of-life device; and
a support, comprising:
a first portion electrically connected to said lamp capsule;
a second portion electrically connected to said first lead wire and to said end-of-life device; and
a third portion electrically connected to said first electrical conductor and to said end-of-life device.
26. The electric lamp of claim 25 wherein said lamp capsule comprises a stem, and said first portion comprises opposing walls extending from a base and slidingly mounted to said stem.
27. The electric lamp of claim 26 wherein said second portion comprises a first clamp and said third portion comprises a second clamp, said end-of-life device being electrically and mechanically connected to said second portion and said third portion by said first clamp and said second clamp, respectively.