1. A solenoid valve comprising:
a sleeve having ports and through hole,
a spool slidably located in the through hole of the sleeve so that an intercommunication between the ports are changed, one end of the spool being faced with outside of the sleeve,
a solenoid means for driving the spool,
a case fixed to the sleeve to form an inner space for accommodating the solenoid means, and
a diaphragm for sealing the inner space from the through hole,
wherein a passage is formed in the spool so that the inner space is fluidlically communicated with an outside of the sleeve.
2. The solenoid valve according to the claim 1, wherein the solenoid means comprises a case, a bobbin accommodated in the case, coil wound around the bobbin, a yoke located in the coil and a plunger movably located in the yoke so that the plunger is contacted with the spool spool.
3. The solenoid valve according to the claim 2, wherein an inner circumference of the diaphragm is fixed to the spool and an outer circumference of the diaphragm is fixed to the yoke.
4. The solenoid valve according to the claim 1, wherein the passage comprises an axial hole and a radial hole communicated with the axial hole, the passage being bent at the connecting portion of the holes.
5. The solenoid valve according to the claim 3, wherein the passage comprises an axial hole and a radial hole communicated with the axial hole, the passage being bent at the connecting portion of the holes.
6. The solenoid valve according to the claim 1, wherein the passage becomes narrower by a step from the outside of the sleeve to the inner space.
7. The solenoid valve according to the claim 4, wherein the passage becomes narrower by a step from the outside of the sleeve to the inner space.
8. The solenoid valve according to the claim 5, wherein the passage becomes narrower by a step from the outside of the sleeve to the inner space.
9. The solenoid valve according to the claim 1, wherein the length of the passage is sufficiently long against the movement length of the plunger.
10. The solenoid valve according to the claim 5, wherein the length of the passage is sufficiently long against the movement length of the plunger.
11. The solenoid valve according to the claim 8, wherein the length of the passage is sufficiently long against the movement length of the plunger.
12. The solenoid valve according to the claim 11, wherein another passage is formed outer surface of the plunger so as to fluidlically communicate both sides of the plunger.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system for interactive delivery of program material to a viewer, comprising:
formatting means for arranging media data representing program material in accordance with a viewer command from the viewer, wherein said media data is arranged using an object hierarchy that comprises
segments, wherein each of said segments references a corresponding atom of media data and is defined by an offset from a beginning of said corresponding atom, and a duration,
series, wherein each of said series comprises at least one segment, and
groups, wherein each of said groups comprises at least one series; and
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
means for converting a program material time to a data location for media data.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein said formatting means comprises:
a server at a location remote from the viewer.
4. A method for locating program material at a specified time T, comprising:
(1) converting the specified time T to a time Trel, relative to media data representing the program material;
(2) determining an index number from said time Trel using an index duration; and
(3) converting said index number to a data position, thereby locating media data representing the program material at the specified time T.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said index duration is a duration of one frame of media data.
6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
(4) rounding said index number to locate an index boundary.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said boundary is a beginning of a frame of media data.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein said index boundary is a beginning of a group of pictures of media data.