1. A method for thinning a wafer, comprising:
providing a wafer comprising an active surface, a back surface disposed opposite to the back surface, and a side surface disposed between the active surface and the back surface, wherein the side surface encompasses the peripheral of the wafer;
forming a protective structure on the wafer, wherein the protective structure at least completely covers the side surface; and
performing a thinning process upon the wafer from the back surface.
2. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 1, wherein the protective structure only covers the side surface of the wafer.
3. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 1, wherein the protective structure further covers the active surface of the wafer.
4. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 1, wherein the protective structure further covers the back surface of the wafer.
5. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 1, wherein the protective structure comprise a protective side surface and a protective front surface, wherein the protective side surface is corresponding to the side surface, the protective front surface is corresponding and substantially parallel to the active surface.
6. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 5, wherein a first angle is disposed between the active surface and the side surface, a second angle is disposed between the protective front surface and the protective side surface, wherein the first angle is greater than the second angle.
7. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 6, wherein the second angle is substantially 90 degrees.
8. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 1, wherein during the thinning process, there is no step structure between the active surface and the side surface.
9. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 1, further comprising:
providing a carrier comprising a carrier front surface, a carrier back surface disposed opposite to the carrier front surface, and a carrier side surface disposed between the carrier front surface and the carrier back surface, wherein the carrier side surface encompasses the peripheral of the carrier and the carrier front surface is attached onto the active surface of the wafer; and
when forming the protective structure, simultaneously forming the protective structure on the carrier side surface.
10. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 9, wherein the protective structure comprises a protective side surface and a protective front surface, wherein the protective side surface is corresponding to the side surface and the carrier side surface, the protective front surface is corresponding and substantially parallel to the back surface.
11. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 10, wherein a third angle is disposed between the back surface and the side surface, a fourth angle is disposed between the protective front surface and the protective side surface, wherein the third angle is greater than the fourth angle.
12. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 11, wherein the fourth angle is substantially 90 degrees.
13. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 9, wherein the carrier is another wafer.
14. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 1, wherein the step of forming the protective structure comprises forming a resin on the side surface of the wafer.
15. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 14, wherein the resin includes epoxy resin.
16. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 14, further comprising adding a plurality of particles into the resin, wherein the hardness of the particles is greater than that of the resin.
17. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 16, wherein the particles comprise aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon oxide or silicon nitride.
18. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 14, further comprising solidifying the resin to form the protective structure.
19. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 18, wherein the step of solidifying the resin comprises using a thermal treatment or a radiance treatment with light energy.
20. The method for thinning a wafer of claim 1, after the thinning process, further comprising removing the protective structure.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A computer-implemented method for determining an overall risk modification amount indicative of an amount by which an overall risk associated with a plurality of threats is modified by implementing a combination of security controls, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of individual risk modification amounts, wherein each individual risk modification amount corresponds to a corresponding security control of the combination of security controls and a corresponding threat of the plurality of threats, wherein each individual risk modification amount of the plurality of individual risk modification amounts is indicative of an amount by which a risk associated with the corresponding threat is modified by implementing the corresponding security control; and
determining, automatically by a computer, the overall risk modification amount based on the plurality of individual risk modification amounts, wherein the overall risk modification amount is indicative of the amount by which the overall risk associated with the plurality of threats is modified by implementing the combination of security controls.
2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
determining a plurality of threat risk modification amounts based on a plurality of subsets of the plurality of individual risk modification amounts, wherein each of the plurality of threat risk modification amounts is associated with a corresponding subset of the plurality of individual risk modification amounts, wherein each of the plurality of subsets corresponds to a threat of the plurality of threats, wherein each of the plurality of threat risk modification amounts is indicative of a degree by which a risk associated with a corresponding threat is modified by implementing the combination of security controls;
wherein the overall risk modification amount is determined based on the plurality of threat risk modification amounts.
3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of threat relevance weightings, wherein each of the plurality of threat relevance weightings is indicative of an expected relevance of a corresponding threat, wherein the overall risk modification amount is determined based on the plurality of threat relevance weightings and the plurality of threat risk modification amounts.
4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of individual capital expense amounts, wherein each individual capital expense amount of the plurality of individual capital expense amounts corresponds to a corresponding security control of the combination of security controls, wherein each individual capital expense amount is indicative of a capital expense amount associated with implementing the corresponding security control; and
determining a capital expense total based on the plurality of individual capital expense amounts, wherein the capital expense total is indicative of an overall capital expense associated with implementing the combination of security controls.
5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of individual operating expense amounts, wherein each individual operating expense amount of the plurality of individual operating expense amounts corresponds to a corresponding security control of the combination of security controls, wherein each individual operating expense amount is indicative of an operating expense amount associated with implementing the corresponding security control; and
determining an operating expense total based on the plurality of individual operating expense amounts, wherein the operating expense total is indicative of an overall operating expense associated with implementing the combination of security controls.
6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of individual user friction amounts, wherein each individual user friction amount of the plurality of individual user friction amounts corresponds to a corresponding security control of the combination of security controls, wherein each individual user friction amount is indicative of a user friction amount associated with implementing the corresponding security control; and
determining a user friction total based on the plurality of individual user friction amounts, wherein the user friction total is indicative of an overall user friction associated with implementing the combination of security controls.
7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the overall risk modification amount is a remaining risk percentage.
8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the overall risk modification amount is a risk reduction percentage.
9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of individual risk modification amounts and the overall risk modification amount are percentages in a range from 0% to 100%.
10. A system for determining an overall risk modification amount indicative of an amount by which an overall risk associated with a plurality of threats is modified by implementing a combination of security controls, the system comprising:
a computing device that comprises a non-transitory memory component that stores a set of executable instructions that causes the computing device to:
receive a plurality of individual risk modification amounts, wherein each individual risk modification amount corresponds to a corresponding security control of the combination of security controls and a corresponding threat of the plurality of threats, wherein each individual risk modification amount of the plurality of individual risk modification amounts is indicative of an amount by which a risk associated with the corresponding threat is modified by implementing the corresponding security control; and
determine the overall risk modification amount based on the plurality of individual risk modification amounts, wherein the overall risk modification amount is indicative of the amount by which the overall risk associated with the plurality of threats is modified by implementing the combination of security controls.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the set of executable instructions further cause the computing device to:
determine a plurality of threat risk modification amounts based on a plurality of subsets of the plurality of individual risk modification amounts, wherein each of the plurality of threat risk modification amounts is associated with a corresponding subset of the plurality of individual risk modification amounts, wherein each of the plurality of subsets corresponds to a threat of the plurality of threats, wherein each of the plurality of threat risk modification amounts is indicative of a degree by which a risk associated with a corresponding threat is modified by implementing the combination of security controls;
wherein the overall risk modification amount is determined based on the plurality of threat risk modification amounts.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the set of executable instructions further cause the computing device to:
receive a plurality of threat relevance weightings, wherein each of the plurality of threat relevance weightings is indicative of an expected relevance of a corresponding threat, wherein the overall risk modification amount is determined based on the plurality of threat relevance weightings and the plurality of threat risk modification amounts.
13. The system of claim 10, wherein the set of executable instructions further cause the computing device to:
receive a plurality of individual capital expense amounts, wherein each individual capital expense amount of the plurality of individual capital expense amounts corresponds to a corresponding security control of the combination of security controls, wherein each individual capital expense amount is indicative of a capital expense amount associated with implementing the corresponding security control; and
determine a capital expense total based on the plurality of individual capital expense amounts, wherein the capital expense total is indicative of an overall capital expense associated with implementing the combination of security controls.
14. The system of claim 10, wherein the set of executable instructions further cause the computing device to:
receive a plurality of individual operating expense amounts, wherein each individual operating expense amount of the plurality of individual operating expense amounts corresponds to a corresponding security control of the combination of security controls, wherein each individual operating expense amount is indicative of an operating expense amount associated with implementing the corresponding security control; and
determine an operating expense total based on the plurality of individual operating expense amounts, wherein the operating expense total is indicative of an overall operating expense associated with implementing the combination of security controls.
15. The system of claim 10, wherein the set of executable instructions further cause the computing device to:
receive a plurality of individual user friction amounts, wherein each individual user friction amount of the plurality of individual user friction amounts corresponds to a corresponding security control of the combination of security controls, wherein each individual user friction amount is indicative of a user friction amount associated with implementing the corresponding security control; and
determine a user friction total based on the plurality of individual user friction amounts, wherein the user friction total is indicative of an overall user friction associated with implementing the combination of security controls.
16. The system of claim 10, wherein the overall risk modification amount is a remaining risk percentage.
17. The system of claim 10, wherein the overall risk modification amount is a risk reduction percentage.
18. The system of claim 10, wherein the plurality of individual risk modification amounts and the overall risk modification amount are percentages in a range from 0% to 100%.
19. A computer-implemented method for determining an overall risk modification amount indicative of an amount by which an overall risk associated with a plurality of threats is modified by implementing a combination of security controls, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of individual risk modification amounts, wherein each individual risk modification amount corresponds to a corresponding security control of the combination of security controls and a corresponding threat of the plurality of threats, wherein each individual risk modification amount of the plurality of individual risk modification amounts is indicative of an amount by which a risk associated with the corresponding threat is modified by implementing the corresponding security control;
determining, automatically by a computer, the overall risk modification amount based on the plurality of individual risk modification amounts, wherein the overall risk modification amount is indicative of the amount by which the overall risk associated with the plurality of threats is modified by implementing the combination of security controls; and
providing for display the overall risk modification amount on a display device.
20. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, the method further comprising:
determining a plurality of threat risk modification amounts based on a plurality of subsets of the plurality of individual risk modification amounts, wherein each of the plurality of threat risk modification amounts is associated with a corresponding subset of the plurality of individual risk modification amounts, wherein each of the plurality of subsets correspond to a threat of the plurality of threats, wherein each of the plurality of threat risk modification amounts is indicative of a degree by which a risk associated with a corresponding threat is modified by implementing the combination of security controls; and
receiving a plurality of threat relevance weightings, wherein each of the plurality of threat relevance weightings is indicative of an expected relevance of a corresponding threat, wherein the overall risk modification amount is determined based on the plurality of threat relevance weightings and the plurality of threat risk modification amounts.