1. A process for loading calcium carbonate into fibers contained in a pulp suspension, the process comprising the steps of:
providing a pulp suspension comprised of fibers;
providing a calcium-rich medium, said calcium-rich medium being comprised of at least one of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide;
adding controlled amounts of said calcium-rich medium to said pulp suspension and thereby forming a controllably variable calcium-treated pulp suspension;
providing a plurality of reactors, each reactor being fluidly coupled to a source of a carbon-dioxide medium, said carbon-dioxide medium being one of pure carbon dioxide and a medium containing carbon dioxide;
charging said calcium-treated pulp suspension and said carbon-dioxide medium into a first reactor to promote a chemical reaction to form calcium carbonate and thereby load said fibers with said calcium carbonate;
controlling the chemical reaction in the first reactor by selectively adding the carbon dioxide medium in at least one location of upstream, of the first reactor, into the first reactor and downstream of the first reactor, and selectively controlling temperatures of the pulp suspension and the carbon-dioxide medium in at least one location of upstream of the first reactor, in the first reactor and downstream of the first reactor;
charging a second reactor with said carbon-dioxide medium and at least one of said calcium-treated pulp suspension and fibers loaded with calcium carbonate from said first reactor; and
controlling a chemical reaction in the second reactor to form calcium carbonate with different types of crystals from said calcium carbonate formed in said first reactor, and thereby loading said fibers in said second reactor with said different types of calcium carbonate crystals, including selectively adding the carbon dioxide medium in at least one location of upstream of the second reactor, into the second reactor, and downstream of the second reactor, and selectively controlling temperatures of the pulp suspension and the carbon-dioxide medium in at least one location of upstream of the second reactor, in the second reactor and downstream of the second reactor.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein said plurality of reactors includes at least one section of reactors, said at least one section of reactors being connected in series.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein said plurality of reactors includes at least one section of reactors, said at least one section of reactors being connected in parallel.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein each said reactor has an energy input associated therewith, said energy input being in the approximate range of 0.1 kWht to 200 kWht.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein said energy input is in the approximate range of 0.5 kWht to 200 kWht.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein said plurality of reactors includes a combination of parallel-connected reactors and series-connected reactors.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein each of said pulp suspension and said calcium-treated pulp suspension have a pH associated therewith, the process including the further steps of:
measuring the pH of at least one of said pulp suspension and said calcium-treated pulp suspension so as to thereby monitor the chemical reaction; and
setting the pH of at least one of said pulp suspension and said calcium-treated pulp suspension so as to thereby help control the chemical reaction, the pH thereof being set within a range of about 5.5 to 10.5.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein said pulp suspension has an ash content, said ash content being controllable within an approximate range of 1% to 70%.
9. The process of claim 1, wherein said carbon-dioxide medium is introduced in a gaseous form.
10. The process of claim 1, wherein said carbon-dioxide medium being charged into said at least one reactor has a medium temperature associated therewith, said medium temperature being controlled within an approximate range of \u221220\xb0 C. to 100\xb0 C.
11. The process of claim 1, wherein brightness is used as an indicator for controlling the chemical reaction.
12. The process of claim 1, wherein said pulp suspension has an ash content, said pulp suspension and said ash content each having a pH associated therewith, the pH of at least one of said pulp suspension and said ash content being used as a control parameter to at least one of monitor and control the chemical reaction.
13. The process of claim 1, wherein said plurality of reactors includes partial reactors in which partial reactions of calcium-treated pulp suspension and said carbon-dioxide medium have occurred, said process including at least one of the following steps: testing of partial reactions;
switching on and off of at least one partial reactor; and
varying at least one operating parameter of at least one partial reactor.
14. The process of claim 1, wherein a pressure associated with each reactor is regulated in the range of about 0.1 bar to about 20 bar.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A wireless LAN system comprising:
a wireless LAN access point for communicating wirelessly with a wireless LAN terminal; and
a LED light bulb using a LED device as a light source, wherein
the wireless LAN access point is embedded in the LED light bulb.
2. The wireless LAN system according to claim 1, wherein
the LED light bulb irradiates light in a light irradiation pattern at a limited light irradiation angle, and
the wireless LAN access point emits a radio wave in a radio wave emission pattern matching entirely or almost entirely with the light irradiation pattern.
3. The wireless LAN system according to claim 2, wherein
the wireless LAN access point comprises a directional antenna.
4. The wireless LAN system according to claim 3, wherein
the LED light bulb comprises a reflector, and
the reflector houses the LED device and the directional antenna.
5. The wireless LAN system according to claim 2, wherein
the wireless LAN access point comprises an antenna, and
the LED light bulb comprises a radio wave absorber for absorbing a radio wave emitted from the antenna in a direction different from a specific direction.
6. The wireless LAN system according to claim 5, wherein
the LED light bulb comprises a reflector,
the reflector houses the LED device and the antenna, and
the radio wave absorber covers an outside of the reflector.
7. The wireless LAN system according to claim 1, wherein
the LED light bulb comprises:
a LED drive circuit for driving the LED device;
a power source circuit for supplying power at least to the LED drive circuit; and
an enclosure which houses at least the LED device, the LED drive circuit, and the power source circuit.
8. The wireless LAN system according to claim 7, wherein
the wireless LAN access point comprises:
an antenna housed in the enclosure; and
a wireless LAN communication circuit housed in the enclosure, connected to the antenna, and receiving power supply from the power source circuit.
9. The wireless LAN system according to claim 1, wherein
the LED light bulb is plugged into a socket connected to a power line for supplying a power, and
the wireless LAN access point embedded in the LED light bulb communicates with a network by way of power line communication (PLC) using the power line.
10. The wireless LAN system according to claim 1, wherein
the LED light bulb is provided in front of a showpiece, and
the wireless LAN access point embedded in the LED light bulb transmits information on the showpiece.