I claim:
1. A method for controlling ignition timing of an engine, said engine having an engine cylinder, comprising:
determining a change in a combustion temperature rise within said engine based on a change in at least one engine operating parameter; and,
adjusting said ignition timing of said engine based on said change of combustion temperature rise.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said engine operating parameter comprises an exhaust gas recirculation rate of exhaust gases into an intake manifold communicating with said engine cylinder.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said engine operating parameter comprises an exhaust gas pressure downstream of said cylinder and upstream of an emission control device.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said engine operating parameter comprises an air-fuel ratio of said engine.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of adjusting said ignition timing includes:
determining a base ignition value based on an engine operating condition;
determining an adjustment ignition value from said change of combustion temperature in said engine; and,
determining a commanded ignition timing value based on said base ignition value and said adjustment ignition value.
6. A method for controlling ignition timing of an engine, said engine having a cylinder communicating with an emission control device, comprising:
determining a change in a combustion temperature rise within said engine based on an change in exhaust gas pressure upstream of said emission control device and a change in an air-fuel ratio in said cylinder; and,
adjusting said ignition timing of said engine based on said change of combustion temperature.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said change in combustion temperature rise in said engine is further determined from a change in an amount of exhaust gas recirculation into an intake manifold of said engine communicating with said cylinder.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein said step of adjusting said ignition timing includes:
determining a base ignition value based on an engine operating condition;
determining an adjustment ignition value from said change of combustion temperature in said engine; and,
determining a commanded ignition timing value based on said base ignition value and said adjustment ignition value.
9. A system for controlling ignition timing of an engine, said engine having an intake manifold communicating with an engine cylinder, comprising:
a first sensor generating a first signal indicative of an engine operating parameter; and,
a controller operably coupled to said first sensor, said controller configured to determine a change in a combustion temperature rise within said engine based on a change in said engine operating parameter, said controller further configured to adjust said ignition timing of said engine based on said change of combustion temperature rise.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein said first sensor comprises an air flow sensor disposed in said intake manifold and said engine operating parameter is an air flow rate.
11. The system of claim 9 wherein said first sensor comprises an exhaust gas sensor disposed downstream of said engine cylinder and said engine operating parameter is an air-fuel ratio.
12. The system of claim 9 wherein said first sensor comprises a pressure sensor and said engine operating parameter is an exhaust gas pressure.
13. An article of manufacture, comprising:
a computer storage medium having a computer program encoded therein for controlling ignition timing of an engine, said engine having an engine cylinder, said computer storage medium comprising:
code for determining a change in a combustion temperature rise within said engine based on a change in at least one engine operating parameter; and,
code for adjusting said ignition timing of said engine based on said change of combustion temperature rise.
14. The article of manufacture of claim 13 wherein said engine operating parameter comprises an exhaust gas recirculation rate of exhaust gases into an intake manifold communicating with said engine cylinder.
15. The article of manufacture of claim 13 wherein said engine operating parameter comprises an exhaust gas pressure downstream of said cylinder and upstream of an emission control device.
16. The article of manufacture of claim 13 wherein said engine operating parameter comprises an air-fuel ratio of said engine.
17. The article of manufacture of claim 13 wherein said code for adjusting said ignition timing includes:
code for determining a base ignition value based on an engine operating condition;
code for determining an adjustment ignition value from said change of combustion temperature in said engine; and,
code for determining a commanded ignition timing value based on said base ignition value and said adjustment ignition value.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A detergent and conditioning composition, comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium,
at least one anionic surfactant,
at least one other surfactant chosen from amphoteric, cationic and nonionic surfactants, and
at least one polysaccharide chosen from starch hydrolyzates with a dextrose equivalent (DE) of less than 20 and from nonionic and anionic fructans, wherein the weight ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one other surfactant is greater than or equal to 1:1.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is present in an amount ranging from 2% to 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is present an amount ranging from 3% to 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
4. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is present in an amount ranging from 3% to 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one other surfactant chosen from amphoteric, nonionic and cationic surfactants is present in an amount ranging from 1% to 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
6. The composition according to Claim 5, wherein the at least one other surfactant chosen from amphoteric, nonionic and cationic surfactants is present in an amount ranging from 1% to 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the at least one other surfactant chosen from amphoteric, nonionic and cationic surfactants is present in an amount ranging from 1% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
8. The composition according to claim, 1 wherein the weight ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one other surfactant ranges from 1:1 to 30:1.
9. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the weight ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one other surfactant ranges from 2:1 to 20:1.
10. The composition according to claim 9, wherein the weight ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one other surfactant ranges from 3:1 to 10:1.
11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is chosen from sodium, triethanolamine and ammonium (C12C14)alkyl sulfates; sodium, triethanolamine and ammonium (C12C14)alkyl ether sulfates oxyethylenated with 2.2 mol of ethylene oxide; sodium, triethanolamine, and ammonium (C12C14)alkylamido sulfates; sodium cocoyl isethionate; and sodium (C14C16)–olefin sulfonates.
12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the amphoteric surfactants are chosen from aliphatic secondary and tertiary amine derivatives, wherein the aliphatic radical is chosen from linear and branched chains comprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and comprising at least one water-soluble anionic group; (C8C20)alkylbetaines; sulfobetaines; (C8C20)alkylamido(C1C6)alkylbetaines; and (C8C20)alkylamido(C1C6)alkylsulfobetaines.
13. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one polysaccharide is soluble in the composition.
14. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one polysaccharide is water-soluble.
15. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the starch hydrolyzates have a DE ranging from 1 to 18.
16. The composition according to claim 15, wherein the starch hydrolyzates have a DE ranging from 1 to 16.
17. The composition according to claim 16, wherein the starch hydrolyzates have a DE ranging from 2 to 16.
18. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one polysaccharide is an inulin.
19. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the inulin is nonionic.
20. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one polysaccharide is present in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
21. The composition according to claim 20, wherein the at least one polysaccharide is present in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
22. The composition according to claim 21, wherein the at least one polysaccharide is present in an amount ranging from 0.2% to 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
23. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one conditioner.
24. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one conditioner is chosen from fluoro oils, fluoro waxes, fluoro gums, carboxylic acid esters, silicones, synthetic oils, cationic polymers, mineral, plant and animal oils, plant waxes, ceramides and pseudoceramides.
25. The composition according to claim 24, wherein the at least one conditioner is chosen from cationic polymers and silicones.
26. The composition according to claim 24, wherein the silicones are chosen from at least one of polyalkylsiloxanes, polyarylsiloxanes, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, silicone gums and resins, and polyorganosiloxanes modified with at least one organofunctional group.
27. The composition according to claim 26, wherein:
(a) the polyalkylsiloxanes are chosen from:
polydimethylsiloxanes comprising trimethylsilyl end groups;
polydimethylsiloxanes comprising dimethylsilanol end groups; and
poly(C1C20)alkylsiloxanes;
(b) the polyalkylarylsiloxanes are chosen from:
linear and branched polydimethylmethylphenylsiloxanes and pblydimethyldiphenylsiloxanes with a viscosity ranging from 1105 to 5102 m2s at 25 C.;
(c) the silicone gums are chosen from polydiorganosiloxanes with number-average molecular masses ranging from 200 000 to 1 000 000, which are used alone or in the form of a mixture in a solvent; and
(d) the organopolysiloxane resins are chosen from resins comprising units: R3 Si O12, R2 Si O22, R Si O32, Si O42 wherein R is chosen from hydrocarbon-based groups comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms or a phenyl group.
28. The composition according to claim 26, wherein the at least one organofunctional group is chosen from:
a) substituted and unsubstituted amine groups,
b) (per)fluoro groups,
c) thiol groups,
d) carboxylate groups,
e) hydroxylated groups,
f) alkoxylated groups,
g) acyloxyalkyl groups,
h) amphoteric groups,
i) bisulfite groups,
j) hydroxyacylamino groups,
k) carboxylic acid groups,
l) sulfonic groups, and
m) sulfate and thiosulfate groups.
29. The composition according to claim 24, wherein the silicones are chosen from linear polydimethylsiloxanes comprising trimethylsilyl end groups, linear polydimethylsiloxanes comprising hydroxydimethylsilyl end groups, silicone resins, amodimethicones and trimethylsilylamodimethicones.
30. The composition according to claim 24, wherein the synthetic oils are chosen from polyolefins chosen from hydrogenated polybutene, nonhydrogenated polybutene, hydrogenated polydecene, and nonhydrogenated polydecene.
31. The composition according to claim 24, wherein the animal and plant oils are chosen from sunflower oil, maize oil, soybean oil, avocado oil, jojoba oil, marrow oil, grapeseed oil, sesame oil, hazelnut oil, fish oils, glyceryl tricaprocaprylate, plant and animal oils of formula R9COOR10 wherein R9 is chosen from higher fatty acid residues comprising from 7 to 29 carbon atoms and R10 is chosen from linear and branched hydrocarbon-based chains comprising from 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
32. The composition according to claim 31, wherein the plant and animal oils of formula R9COOR10 are chosen from alkyl and alkenyl, natural and synthetic essential oils.
33. The composition according to claim 32, wherein the plant and animal oils of formula R9COOR10 fare chosen from eucalyptus oil, lavandin oil, lavender oil, vetiver oil, litsea cubeba oil, lemon oil, sandalwood oil, rosemary oil, camomile oil, savory oil, nutmeg oil, cinnamon oil, hyssop oil, caraway oil, orange oil, geraniol oil, cade oil and bergamot oil.
34. The composition according to claim 24, wherein the plant waxes are chosen from carnauba wax, candelilla wax, ozokerite, olive wax, rice wax, hydrogenated jojoba wax, the absolute waxes of flowers, and marine waxes.
35. The composition according to claim 34, wherein the absolute wax of flowers is the essential wax of blackcurrant flower.
36. The composition according to claim 24, wherein the ceramides and pseudoceramides correspond to formula (VIII):
17
wherein:
R1 is chosen from:
either: saturated and unsaturated, linear and branched C1C50 hydrocarbon-based radicals, wherein the C1C50 hydrocarbon-based radicals may be substituted with at least one hydroxyl group which may be esterified with an acid R7COOH, wherein R7 is chosen from saturated and unsaturated, linear and branched, C1C35 hydrocarbon-based radicals optionally hydroxylated with at least one hydroxyl group, wherein the at least one hydroxyl group of the radical R7 may be esterified with saturated and unsaturated, linear and branched, optionally mono- and polyhydroxylated C1C35 fatty acids;
or a radical R(NRCO)R, wherein R is chosen from a hydrogen atom and mono- and polyhydroxylated C1C20 hydrocarbon-based radicals, R and R, which may be identical or different, are each chosen from hydrocarbon-based radicals, the sum of the carbon atoms ranging from 9 to 30, and R is a divalent radical;
or a radical R8OCO(CH2)9, wherein R8 is chosen from C1C20 hydrocarbon-based radicals, and p is an integer ranging from 1 to 12;
R2 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a saccharide radical, sulfate and phosphate residues, a phosphorylethylamine radical and a phosphorylethylammonium radical;
R3 is chosen from a hydrogen atom and saturated and unsaturated C1C33 hydrocarbon-based radicals optionally hydroxylated with at least one hydroxyl group, wherein the at least one hydroxyl group may be esterified with an inorganic acid or an acid R7COOH, wherein R7 has the same meanings as above, wherein the at least one hydroxyl may be etherified with at least one radical chosen from (glycosyl)n, (galactosyl)m, sulfogalactosyl, phosphorylethylamine and phosphorylethylammonium radicals, and wherein R3 may also be substituted with at least one radical chosen from C1C14 alkyl radicals;
R4 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, methyl and ethyl radicals, saturated and unsaturated, linear and branched, optionally hydroxylated C3C50 hydrocarbon-based radicals and a radical CH2CHOHCH2OR6 wherein R6 is chosen from C10C26 hydrocarbon-based radicals and radical R8ICO(CH2)p, wherein R8 is chosen from C1-C20 hydrocarbon-based radicals, and p is an integer ranging from 1 to 12;
R5 is chosen from a hydrogen atom and saturated and unsaturated, linear and branched C1C30 hydrocarbon-based radicals optionally hydroxylated with at least one hydroxyl group, wherein the at least one hydroxyl may be etherified with at least one radical chosen from (glycosyl)n, (galactosyl)m, sulfogalactosyl, phosphorylethylamine and phosphorylethylammonium radicals, with the proviso that when R3 and R5 are both a hydrogen atom or when R3 is a hydrogen atom and R5 is a methyl radical, then R4 is not a hydrogen atom, a methyl radical, or an ethyl radical.
37. The composition according to claim 36, wherein R1 is chosen from C5C50 hydrocarbon-based radicals.
38. The composition according to claim 36, wherein R is chosen from monohydroxylated C1C20 hydrocarbon-based radicals.
39. The compositon according to claim 36, wherein the saccharide radical of R2 is chosen from (glycosyl)n, (galactosyl)m and sulfogalactosyl radicals, wherein n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4 and m is an integer ranging from 1 to 8.
40. The composition according to claim 36, wherein R3 is chosen from C15C26 -hydroxyalkyl radicals, wherein the hydroxyl group is optionally esterified with at least one acid chosen from C16C30 -hydroxy acids.
41. The composition according to claim 24, wherein the ceramides are chosen from at least one of:
2-N-linoleoylaminooctadecane-1,3-diol,
2-N-oleoylaminooctadeane-1,3-diol,
N-palmitoylaminooctadecane-1,3-diol, 2-N-stearylaminooctadecane-1,3-diol,
2-N-behenoylaminooctadecane-1,3-diol,
2-N-2-hydroxypalmitoylaminooctadecane-1,3-diol,
2-N-stearoylaminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol
2-N-palmitoylaminohexadecane-1 3-diol,
bis(N-hydroxyethyl-N-cetyl)malonamide,
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(3-cetyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl)cetylamide, and
N-docosanoyl-N-methyl-D-glucamine.
42. The composition according to claim 23, wherein the at least one conditioner is present in an amount ranging from 0.0001% to 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
43. The composition according to claim 42, wherein the at least one conditioner is present in an amount ranging from 0.001% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
44. The composition according to claim 43, wherein the at least one conditioner is present in an amount ranging from 0.005% to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
45. The composition according to claim 44, wherein the at least one conditioner is present in an amount ranging from 0.005% to 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
46. The composition according to claim 45, wherein the at least one conditioner is present in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
47. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one cationic polymer.
48. The composition according to claim 47, wherein the at least one cationic polymer is chosen from quaternary cellulose ether derivatives, cationic cyclopolymers, cationic polysaccharides and quaternary polymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinylimidazole.
49. The composition according to claim 48, wherein the cationic cyclopolymers are chosen from diallyldimethylammonium chloride homopolymers and copolymers of diallyldimethylammonium chloride and of acrylamide.
50. The composition according to claim 48, wherein the quaternary cellulose ether derivatives are chosen from hydroxyethylcelluloses that have reacted with an epoxide substituted with at least one trimethylammonium group.
51. The composition according to claim 48, wherein the cationic polysaccharides are chosen from guar gums modified with a 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium salt.
52. The composition according to claim 47, wherein the at least one cationic polymer is present in an amount ranging from 0.001% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
53. The composition according to claim 52, wherein the at least one cationic polymer is present in an amount ranging from 0.005% to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
54. The composition according to claim 53, wherein the at least one cationic polymer is present in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
55. The composition according to claim 1, futher comprising at least one additive chosen from foam synergists, silicone and nonsilicone sunscreens, anionic polymers, nonionic polymers, and amphoteric polymers, proteins, protein hydrolyzates, hydroxy acids, vitamins, and provitamins.
56. The composition according to claim 55, wherein the foam synergists are chosen from C10C18 1,2-alkanediols and fatty alkanolamides derived from monoethanolamine and from diethanolamine.
57. The composition according to claim 55, wherein the provitamins are panthenol.
58. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one additive chosen from vitamins, provitamins and hydroxy acids.
59. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said at least one anionic surfactant and said at least one other surfactant are present in the composition in a combined amount greater than or equal to 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
60. The composition according to claim 59, wherein said at least one anionic surfactant and said at least one other surfactant are present in the composition in a combined amount ranging from 5% to 60% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
61. The composition according to claim 60, wherein said at least one anionic surfactant and said at least one other surfactant are present in the composition in a combined amount ranging from 5% to 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
62. The composition according to claim 61, wherein said at least one anionic surfactant and said at least one other surfactant are present in the composition in a combined amount ranging from 5% to 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
63. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is provided in a form chosen from shampoos, compositions for permanent-waving the hair, compositions for relaxing the hair, compositions for dyeing the hair, compositions for bleaching the hair, rinse-out compositions to be applied between the two steps of a permanent-waving or relaxing operation, and washing compositions for the skin.
64. A method for shampooing a keratin material comprising applying to the keratin material a composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium,
at least one anionic surfactant,
at least one other surfactant chosen from amphoteric, cationic and nonionic surfactants, and
at least one polysaccharide chosen from starch hydrolyzates with a dextrose equivalent (DE) of less than 20 and from nonionic and anionic fructans,
wherein the weight ratio of the at least-one anionic surfactant to, the at least one other surfactant is greater than or equal to 1:1.
65. A method for washing andor conditioning keratin fibers comprising:
applying to said wet fibers an effective amount of a composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium,
at least one anionic surfactant,
at least one other surfactant chosen from amphoteric, cationic and nonionic surfactants, and
at least one polysaccharide chosen from starch hydrolyzates with a dextrose equivalent (DE) of less than 20 and from nonionic and anionic fructans,
wherein the weight ratio of the at least one anionic surfactant to the at least one other surfactant is greater than or equal to 1:1 and
rinsing the keratin fibers with water after an optional action time.
66. The composition according to claim 65, wherein the keratin fibers are hair.