1. A method for fabricating a composite solid polymer electrolyte membrane, comprising the following steps:
a. flushing and drying a membrane, and performing a sulfonation reaction on said membrane with sulfuric acid to obtain a sulfonated membrane;
b. flushing and drying said sulfonated membrane;
c. providing a first polymer solution and a second polymer solution, and adding a basic aqueous solution into said second polymer solution to undertake a hydrolysis and neutralization reaction;
d. mixing said first polymer solution and the hydrolyzed and neutralized said second polymer solution to obtain a blended polymer solution;
e. placing said sulfonated membrane obtained in Step b in said blended polymer solution, and sequentially adding a cross-linking agent and an initiator into a mixture of said sulfonated membrane and said blended polymer solution to undertake a polymerization reaction and then obtain a blended polymer solution-containing sulfonated membrane; and
f. flatly placing said blended polymer solution-containing sulfonated membrane on a plate, and drying said blended polymer solution-containing sulfonated membrane to obtain a composite solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said membrane is a polyethylenepolypropylene non-woven cloth, a polyethylene cloth or a polypropylene cloth.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said polyethylenepolypropylene non-woven cloth or said polyethylene cloth has a porosity of 20-80% and a thickness of 0.05-0.5 mm.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein said polypropylene cloth has a porosity of 20-70% and a thickness of 0.02-0.5 mm.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein material of said polyethylenepolypropylene non-woven cloth is selected from the group consisting of Nylon 6 fiber, Nylon 6,6 fiber, polyester fiber and polyesternylon composite fiber.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a concentration of said sulfuric acid ranges from 0.5 to 18 N (normality).
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein time for said sulfonation reaction in Step a ranges from 1 to 200 hours.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein an ultrasonic vibrator is used in said flushing in Step a and Step b.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in Step b, said sulfonated membrane is flushed until a pH value of water running away from said sulfonated membrane is within 6-7; then, said sulfonated membrane is dried at a temperature of 60 \u03bcl.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said first polymer solution is obtained via mixing 1-90 wt. % of a first polymer and 50-80 wt. % of water in an airtight environment at a temperature between 50\u25a1\u02dc90\u25a1.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein said first polymer is PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) or PEO (polyethylene oxide).
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein said PVA has an average molecular weight of 20000-200000 and a purity of 50-99%.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein said PEO has an average molecular weight of 20000-200000 and a purity of 50-99%.
14. The method according to claim 1, wherein said second polymer solution comprises 1-90 wt. % of PAA (polyacrylic acid) monomer.
15. The method according to claim 14, wherein said PAA monomer has a molecular weight of 72.06 and a purity of more than 90%.
16. The method according to claim 14, wherein said PAA monomer is selected from the group consisting of methylacrylic acid, maleic acid and vinyl acetate.
17. The method according to claim 1, wherein said cross-linking agent is selected from the group consisting of TAA (triallyl amine), N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, epichlorohydrin, paraformaldehyde, and polyol.
18. The method according to claim 1, wherein said cross-linking agent has a purity of 80-99.99% and participates in said polymerization reaction in the liquid state by a proportion of 0.001-20 wt. %.
19. The method according to claim 1, wherein in Step c, said cross-linking agent also is added into the hydrolyzed and neutralized said second polymer solution beforehand.
20. The method according to claim 1, wherein said initiator is selected from the group consisting of APS (ammonium persulfate), KPS (potassium persulfate), sodium persulfate, other persulfates and hydrogen peroxide.
21. The method according to claim 20, wherein said APS (ammonium persulfate) has a purity of 90-99%.
22. The method according to claim 20, wherein each of said KPS (potassium persulfate), sodium persulfate, other persulfates and hydrogen peroxide has a purity of 80-99%.
23. The method according to claim 1, wherein said initiator participates in said polymerization reaction by a proportion of 0.001-20 wt. %.
24. The method according to claim 1, wherein said basic aqueous solution is the aqueous solution of KOH or NaOH.
25. The method according to claim 1, wherein said basic aqueous solution has a purity of 50-90% and participates in said hydrolysis and neutralization reaction by a proportion of 1-90 wt. %.
26. The method according to claim 1, wherein in Step c, the neutralization extent of the hydrolyzed and neutralized said second polymer solution ranges from 5 to 100%.
27. The method according to claim 1, wherein the material of said plate is PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).
28. The method according to claim 1, wherein in Step f, said drying is undertaken at a temperature between 40\u25a1\u02dc80\u25a1 and a relative humidity of 30-50 RH %.
29. The method according to claim 1, wherein a nanometric powder is added into said composite solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
30. The method according to claim 1, wherein nanometric granules, submicron granules, or micron granules are added into said composite solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and said granules are selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic granules of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and ceramic oxides.
31. The method according to claim 1, wherein said composite solid polymer electrolyte membrane absorbs basic aqueous solutions, acid aqueous solutions, neutral aqueous solutions and alcohol solutions.
32. The method according to claim 1, wherein said composite solid polymer electrolyte membrane is applied to an electrochemical system.
33. The method according to claim 32, wherein said electrochemical system is selected from the following systems: alkaline electrolysis systems, electroplating systems, Zn-air batteries, Ni\u2014H batteries, Ni\u2014Cd batteries, Ni\u2014Zn batteries, Ag\u2014Zn batteries, direct methyl alcohol fuel batteries, fuel batteries, metal-air batteries, primary alkaline (ZnMnO2) batteries, secondary alkaline (ZnMnO2) batteries, and electrochemical capacitors.
34. The method according to claim 1, wherein said initiator is illuminated with ultraviolet light to initiate said polymerization reaction.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for determining a position of a printing image on a printed sheet in a printing machine, which comprises the steps of: moving the printed sheet past a first optical sensor and a second optical sensor in a prescribed direction of motion and with a predetermined velocity, determining a spaced distance between the first and the second optical sensor in the direction of motion; acquiring, with the first optical sensor, a mark disposed on the printed sheet; acquiring, with the second optical sensor, a leading edge of the printed sheet; determining a time span between acquiring the leading edge and acquiring the mark; and calculating, with an evaluation unit, a spaced distance of the mark from the leading edge from the time span, the spaced distance between the optical sensors, and the velocity.
2. The method according to claim 1, which includes comparing the spaced distance of the mark, which has been calculated by the evaluation unit, with a prescribed nominal spaced distance, and emitting an output signal if the calculated spaced distance deviates from the nominal spaced distance by more than a prescribed value.
3. The method according to claim 2, which includes forming the output signal as a positioning signal, and feeding the positioning signal to an adjustment device for controlling positioning organs for determining the position of the printed sheet in the printing machine.
4. The method according to claim 1, which includes acquiring, by a third and a fourth optical sensor, an additional mark and the leading edge of the printed sheet in vicinity of a side edge thereof disposed opposite the first and the second optical sensor, determining the spaced distance of the additional mark from the edge of the piece of printed material, comparing the spaced distance of the mark from the edge with the spaced distance of the additional mark from the edge, and emitting an output signal if the spaced distance of the mark from the edge and the spaced distance of the additional mark from the edge deviate from one another by more than a prescribed value.
5. The method according to claim 1, which includes storing the spaced distance of the mark from the edge of a plurality of pieces of printed material, and determining a mean value for the spaced distance of the mark.
6. The method according to claim 1, which includes providing as the mark a reference mark for adjusting partial printing images.
7. The method according to claim 1, which includes storing the spaced distance for taking it into account in a further processing of the piece of printing material.
8. The method according to claim 1, which includes taking over a target spacing of the mark from the edge of the sheet from a printing pre-stage.
9. Monitoring device for a sheet-fed printing machine, comprising a transport device for moving a printed sheet in a prescribed direction of motion; a first optical sensor for acquiring a mark disposed on the printed sheet, a second optical sensor for acquiring a leading edge of the printed sheet; an acquisition unit for determining the velocity of the printed sheet; and an evaluation unit for calculating
a. a spaced distance between said mark and said edge from the chronological spacing between acquiring said edge and acquiring said mark;
b. at least one of the velocity and the position of the printed sheet, and
c. the determined spaced distance between said first and said second optical sensor, said spaced distance being parallel to the direction of motion of the printed sheet; and
a data storage unit for storing therein, by said evaluation unit, spaced distances of a plurality of printed sheets, said evaluation unit serving for calculating a mean value for the spaced distance of said mark from said edge of a plurality of printed sheets.
10. The monitoring device according to claim 9, wherein said first and said second optical sensor are disposed on one structural member or component.
11. The monitoring device according to claim 9, wherein said second optical sensor includes a first and a second transmitter disposed at a prescribed spaced distance from one another and, a receiver for monitoring an observation point disposed between said first and said second transmitter, said transmitters serving for emitting a light signal impinging on said observation point.
12. The monitoring device according to claim 11, including a switch provided for activating one of said first and said second transmitters.
13. The monitoring device according to claim 9, wherein said first optical sensor and said second optical sensor are disposed in a vicinity of a first side edge of the printed sheet and including a third optical sensor and a fourth optical sensor disposed parallel to the first optical sensor and the second optical sensor a vicinity of a second side edge of the printed sheet.
14. The monitoring device according to claim 13, including a movement device for moving one of said first, said second, said third, and said fourth optical sensors.