1. An audio recording medium, comprising:
a plurality of tracks;
audio data recorded in the plurality of tracks; and
identification data for indicating a start position of each of the tracks recorded in write units segregated from the audio data in the plurality of tracks,
wherein each write unit includes an audio object unit (AOBU), and the identification data includes mute data, a mute period for the mute data is equal to or shorter than the duration of a single one of the AOBUs, and the mute period has a duration from a track start point to an end of the AOBU with mute data, and the mute period is varied by moving a location of the track start point.
2. An audio recording medium, comprising:
a plurality of tracks;
audio data recorded in the plurality of tracks; and
identification data for indicating a start position of each of the tracks recorded in write units segregated from the audio data in the plurality of tracks,
wherein each write unit includes an audio object unit (AOBU), and the identification data includes mute data, and a mute period for the mute data is longer than the duration of a single one of the AOBUs, and a number of the AOBUs with mute data in each track is determined such that a sum of a duration of each of the AOBUs with mute data in each track is equal to or slightly longer than the mute period.
3. The audio recording medium of claim 2, wherein the mute period includes a period from a track start point to an end of a last one of the AOBUs among the plurality of the AOBUs with mute data in each track, and the mute period is varied by moving the location of the track start point.
4. A method of recording data in a plurality of tracks of a recording medium, and reproducing data from the recording medium, the method comprising:
recording identification data indicating a start position of each of the tracks in predetermined write units in the plurality of tracks;
recording audio data in write units segregated from the predetermined write units of the identification data in the plurality of tracks;
reading and reproducing the identification data recorded in the predetermined write units; and
reading and reproducing the audio data recorded in the write units segregated from the predetermined write units of the identification data,
wherein the recording of the identification data comprises recording the identification data in at least one write unit at a start of each of the tracks, each write unit includes an audio object unit (AOBU), and the identification data includes mute data, a mute period for the mute data is equal to or shorter than a duration of a single one of the AOBUs, and the mute period includes a duration from a track start point to an end of the AOBU with mute data, the method further comprising varying the mute period by moving a location of the track start point.
5. A method of recording data in a plurality of tracks of a recording medium, and reproducing data from the recording medium, the method comprising:
recording identification data indicating a start position of each of the tracks in predetermined write units in the plurality of tracks;
recording audio data in write units segregated from the predetermined write units of the identification data in the plurality of tracks;
reading and reproducing the identification data recorded in the predetermined write units; and
reading and reproducing the audio data recorded in the write units segregated from the predetermined write units of the identification data,
wherein the recording of the identification data comprises recording the identification data in at least one write unit at a start of each of the tracks, each write unit includes an audio object unit (AOBU), and the identification data includes mute data, and a mute period for the mute data is longer than the duration of a single one of the AOBUs, and a number of the AOBUs with mute data in each track is determined such that a sum of the duration of each of the AOBUs with audio data in each track is equal to or slightly longer the mute period.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the mute period includes a duration from a track start point to an end of a last one of AOBUs among the plurality of the AOBUs with mute data, the method further comprising varying the mute period by moving a location of the track start point.
7. A method of reproducing data recorded in a plurality of tracks of a recording medium, the method comprising:
reading and reproducing identification data indicating a start position of each of the tracks, the identification data having been recorded in write units in the tracks of the recording medium;
reading and reproducing audio data having been recorded in write units segregated from the write units of the identification data in the tracks of the recording medium, wherein the identification data have been recorded in at least one write unit at a start of each of the tracks and each write unit includes an audio object unit (AOBU), and the identification data includes mute data;
performing a mute operation for a mute period, wherein the mute period for the mute data is equal to or shorter than a duration of a single AOBUs; and
varying the mute period by moving a location of a track start point, wherein the mute period includes a duration from the track start point to an end of the AOBU with mute data.
8. A method of reproducing data recorded in a plurality of tracks of a recording medium, the method comprising:
reading and reproducing identification data indicating a start position of each of the tracks, the identification data having been recorded in write units in the tracks of the recording medium;
reading and reproducing audio data having been recorded in write units segregated from the write units of the identification data in the tracks of the recording medium, wherein the identification data have been recorded in at least one write unit at a start of each of the tracks and each write unit includes an audio object unit (AOBU), and the identification data includes mute data; and
performing a mute operation for a mute period, wherein the mute period for the mute data is longer than a duration of a single one of the AOBUs, and a number of the AOBUs with mute data in each track is determined such that a sum of a duration of each of the AOBUs in each track is equal to or slightly longer than the mute period.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising varying the mute period by moving a location of a track start point, wherein the mute period includes a duration from the track start point to an end of a last one of the AOBUs among the plurality of the AOBUs with mute data in each track, and the mute period is varied by moving a location of the track start point.
10. A method of recording data in a plurality of tracks of a recording medium, and reproducing data from the recording medium, the method comprising:
determining whether there is a need to record identification data indicating a start position of each of the tracks in a corresponding one of the tracks;
if recording of the identification data is needed, recording the identification data in the corresponding track in at least one write unit; and
recording audio data in the corresponding track in at least one write unit segregated from the at least one write unit of the identification data.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the recording of the audio data comprises recording the identification data in the at least one write unit at a start of each of the tracks.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the recording of the audio data comprises recording the audio data in the at least one write unit, following the at least one write unit of the identification data.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
reading and reproducing the identification data recorded in the at least one write unit at a start of each of the tracks; and
successively reading the audio data recorded in the at least one write unit, following the identification data, and reproducing the read audio data.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein each write unit includes an audio object unit (AOBU), and the identification data includes mute data.
15. An apparatus for recording data in a plurality of tracks of a recording medium, in which identification data indicating a start position of each of the tracks are recorded in write units in each of the tracks, and audio data are recorded in write units segregated from the write units of the identification data in each of the tracks, wherein the apparatus records the identification data in the at least one write unit at a start of each of the tracks and the apparatus records the audio data in the at least one write unit, following the at least one write unit with the identification data, comprising:
a write unit generator generating the at least one write unit audio data, and the at least one write unit with the identification data;
a write portion writing each of the at least one write unit with the audio data and the at least one write unit with the identification data in the corresponding tracks; and
a controller outputting a command to the write operation to instruct generation of the at least one write unit with the identification data to the write portion,
wherein each write unit includes an audio object unit (AOBU), and the identification data includes mute data, the controller outputs a track start point to the writing portion, the track start point allowing a mute period for the mute data to be equal to or shorter than a duration of a single one of the AOBUs with the mute data, the write portion writes the track start point from the controller in a reproduction control information area of the recording medium, and the mute period includes a duration from the track start point to an end of the AOBU with mute data, and the mute period is varied by moving the location of the track start point.
16. An apparatus for recording data in a plurality of tracks of a recording medium, in which identification data indicating a start position of each of the tracks are recorded in write units in each of the tracks, and audio data are recorded in write units segregated from the write units of the identification data in each of the tracks, wherein the apparatus records the identification data in the at least one write unit at a start of each of the tracks and the apparatus records the audio data in the at least one write unit, following the at least one write unit with the identification data, comprising:
a write unit generator generating the at least one write unit audio data, and the at least one write unit with the identification data;
a write portion writing each of the at least one write unit with the audio data and the at least one write unit with the identification data in the corresponding tracks; and
a controller outputting a command to the write operation to instruct generation of the at least one write unit with the identification data to the write portion,
wherein each write unit includes an audio object unit (AOBU), and the identification data includes mute data, the controller outputs a track start point to the writing portion, the track start point allowing a mute period for the mute data to be longer than a duration of a single one of the AOBUs, and the controller outputs information on a number of the AOBUs with mute data corresponding to the mute period to the write unit generator, and the write unit generator generates the number of AOBUs with mute data according to the information from the controller.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the mute period includes a duration from the track start point to an end of a last one of AOBUs among the AOBUs with mute data in each track, and the controller varies the mute period by moving the location of the track start point in response to an input from a user.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the write generator determines the number of the AOBUs with mute data such that a sum of a duration of each of the AOBUs with mute data in each track is equal to or slightly longer than the mute period.
19. An apparatus for reproducing data recorded in a plurality of tracks of a recording medium, in which identification data recorded in predetermined write units to indicate a start position of each of the tracks are read from each of the tracks and reproduced, and audio data recorded in write units segregated from the write units of the identification data are read from each of the tracks and reproduced, wherein the apparatus reads and reproduces the identification data recorded in at least one of the write units at the start of each of the tracks and the apparatus reads and reproduces the audio data recorded following the identification data in at least one of the write units segregated from the at least one write unit of the identification data, comprising:
a controller outputting a command to instruct reading of the identification data or the audio data recorded in the corresponding at least one write unit;
a reading portion reading the identification data or the audio data recorded in the corresponding at least one write unit, according to the command from the controller; and
a reproduction portion receiving and reproducing the identification data or the audio data from the reading portion,
wherein each write unit includes an audio object unit (AOBU), and the identification data includes mute data, the controller outputs reproduction control information corresponding to an input from a user to the reading portion, the reading portion searches for the AOBU having a track start point in a corresponding track, finds a location of the track start point in the found AOBU, read data from the track start point in the corresponding track, and outputs the read data to the reproduction portion, and a mute period for the mute data includes a duration from the track start point to an end of the AOBU with mute data, and the controller varies the mute period by moving the location of the track start point in response to an input from a user.
20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein once the reading portion reads the AOBU with the mute data and outputs the read AOBU to the reproduction portion, the reproduction portion mutes outputs for the mute period.
21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein once the AOBU with mute data is read by the reading portion, the controller outputs a mute command to the reproduction portion, and the reproduction portion performs a mute operation according to the mute command from the controller.
22. A method of recording data on an audio recording medium having a plurality of tracks, comprising:
recording mute data in at least one write unit in each of the tracks; and
recording audio data in at least one write unit in each of the tracks so as to be segregated from the at least one write unit of the mute data,
wherein the recording of the mute data comprises determining whether a mute period is required in recording a new one of the tracks, determining a number of the write units of mute data to be recorded in the new track, recording the number of write units of the mute data in the new track, and writing the mute period in a reproduction control information area of the audio recording medium, and wherein the recording of the audio data comprises writing the audio data following the mute data in the new track.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An integrated circuit comprising a conductive line received over a semiconductive substrate and a diffusion region within the substrate proximate the line, the diffusion region and substrate forming a junction which is effectively reverse biased to preclude shorting between the conductive line and the substrate through any conductive material extending therebetween for selected magnitudes of current provided through the conductive line.
2. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the conductive material comprises metal.
3. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein a portion of the diffusion region is disposed directly under conductive portions of the conductive line.
4. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the diffusion region comprises two individual diffusion regions disposed respectively on each side of the conductive line.
5. An integrated circuit comprising a conductive line received over a semiconductive substrate and a diffusion region within the substrate proximate the line, conductive material being received over the line and interconnecting it with the diffusion region, the diffusion region being effectively reverse biased to preclude shorting between the conductive line and the substrate through the conductive material for selected magnitudes of current provided through the conductive line.
6. The integrated circuit of claim 5, wherein the conductive material comprises metal.
7. The integrated circuit of claim 5, wherein a portion of the diffusion region is disposed under conductive portions of the conductive line.
8. The integrated circuit of claim 5, wherein the diffusion region comprises two individual diffusion regions disposed respectively on each side of the conductive line.
9. A method of contacting a line comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a first-type dopant;
forming a conductive line over the substrate, the line comprising a portion with which electrical connection is to be made;
forming a diffusion region within the substrate proximate the conductive line portion and comprising a second-type dopant which is different from the first-type dopant, the conductive line portion and diffusion region forming a contact pad for the conductive line; and
forming conductive material in electrical contact with the contact pad.
10. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 9, wherein the forming of the conductive material comprises forming metal material in electrical contact with the contact pad.
11. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 9, wherein the first-type dopant comprises n-type dopant.
12. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 9, wherein the first-type dopant comprises p-type dopant.
13. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 9, wherein the forming of the conductive line comprises forming the conductive line to have an average lateral width dimension, and wherein the conductive line portion has a lateral width dimension which is substantially equivalent to the average lateral width dimension.
14. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 9, wherein the forming of the conductive line comprises forming the conductive line to have a generally uniform lateral width dimension along its entirety.
15. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 9, wherein the forming of the diffusion region defines a pn junction within the substrate, and further comprising reverse biasing the pn junction.
16. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 9, wherein the forming of the diffusion region defines a pn junction within the substrate, and further comprising reverse biasing the pn junction after the forming of the conductive material.
17. A method of forming a contact comprising:
forming a plurality of conductive lines over a substrate;
forming diffusion regions within the substrate and elevationally below the conductive lines, individual diffusion regions being disposed proximate respective individual conductive line portions, individual conductive line portions and individual associated diffusion regions collectively effectively defining individual contact pads with which electrical connection is desired for the individual conductive lines;
forming insulative material over the conductive line portions and diffusion regions;
forming contact openings through the insulative material over and exposing portions of the individual contact pads; and
forming conductive contacts within the contact openings and in electrical connection with individual contact pads.
18. The method of forming a contact of claim 17, wherein the forming of the conductive contacts comprises depositing metal within the contact openings.
19. The method of forming a contact of claim 17, wherein the forming of the plurality of conductive lines comprises forming one of the conductive lines to have a lateral width dimension away from its conductive line portion which is substantially equivalent to the lateral width dimension of its conductive line portion.
20. The method of forming a contact of claim 17, wherein the forming of the plurality of conductive lines comprises forming individual conductive lines to have lateral width dimensions away from their respective conductive line portions which are substantially equivalent to the lateral width dimensions of their conductive line portions.
21. The method of forming a contact of claim 20, wherein the forming of the plurality of conductive lines comprises forming said conductive lines to have substantially equivalent lateral width dimensions.
22. The method of forming a contact of claim 17, wherein the substrate comprises one type dopant, and the forming of the diffusion regions comprises forming said diffusion regions with a different type dopant.
23. The method of forming a contact of claim 22, wherein the one type dopant comprises n-type dopant.
24. The method of forming a contact of claim 22, wherein the one type dopant comprises p-type dopant.
25. The method of forming a contact of claim 17, wherein the forming of the diffusion regions comprises forming said diffusion regions after forming the plurality of conductive lines.
26. The method of forming a contact of claim 17, wherein the forming of the diffusion regions comprises forming pn junctions within the substrate, and further comprising reverse-biasing the pn junctions.
27. A method of contacting a line comprising:
providing a substrate having a diffusion region formed therein, the substrate and diffusion region being configured for biasing into a reverse-biased diode configuration;
forming a conductive line over the substrate, the conductive line and diffusion region being formed operably proximate one another and collectively defining an effective contact pad with which electrical connection is desired;
forming an insulative material over the contact pad;
forming a contact opening through the insulative material and exposing at least a portion the contact pad; and
forming conductive material within the contact opening and in electrical connection with the contact pad.
28. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 27, wherein the substrate and the diffusion region provide a pn junction.
29. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 28, wherein the substrate comprises n-type dopant.
30. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 28, wherein the substrate comprises p-type dopant.
31. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 27, wherein the forming of the conductive material comprises forming said material to electrically contact both the conductive line and the diffusion region.
32. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 27, wherein the forming of the contact opening comprises forming said opening to overlap with the conductive line and the diffusion region.
33. A method of contacting a line comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a first-type dopant;
forming a conductive line over the substrate comprising a conductive line portion with which electrical connection is to be made;
forming an area within the substrate proximate the conductive line portion and comprising a second-type dopant which is different from the first-type dopant, the conductive line portion and area forming a contact pad for the conductive line, the area and substrate defining a pn junction;
forming conductive material in electrical contact with the contact is pad; and
reverse-biasing the pn junction.
34. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 33, wherein said area extends under conductive portions of the conductive line.
35. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 33, wherein the first-type dopant comprises p-type dopant.
36. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 33, wherein the first-type dopant comprises n-type dopant.
37. The semiconductor conductive line-contacting method of claim 33, wherein the conductive line portion of the contact pad has a lateral width dimension which is substantially the same as a lateral width dimension of the conductive line away from the contact pad.
38. A method of forming contacts comprising:
forming a plurality of conductive lines over a substrate, individual conductive lines having first conductive line portions with which electrical and physical connection is desired and second conductive line portions which are joined with the first conductive line portions and in electrical communication therewith, individual conductive lines having pitches relative to respective next adjacent lines, at least one of the conductive lines having a pitch between its first conductive line portion and a next adjacent line which is substantially the same as a pitch between its second conductive line portion and the next adjacent line;
forming individual diffusion regions proximate the first conductive line portions of the conductive lines, the first conductive line portions and individual diffusion regions collectively effectively defining individual contact pads for the individual conductive lines, the diffusion regions and substrate providing individual respective pn junctions elevationally below the conductive lines;
forming insulative material over the conductive lines and diffusion regions;
forming contact openings through the insulative material over and exposing portions of individual contact pads;
forming conductive contacts within the contact openings and in electrical connection with individual contact pads; and
reverse-biasing the pn junctions.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein the first and second conductive line portions of said at least one conductive line have lateral width dimensions which are substantially the same.
40. The method of claim 38, wherein the first and second conductive line portions of said next adjacent line have lateral width dimensions which are substantially the same.
41. The method of claim 38, wherein:
the first and second conductive line portions of said at least one conductive line have lateral width dimensions which are substantially the same; and
the first and second conductive line portions of said next adjacent line have lateral width dimensions which are substantially the same.
42. The method of claim 38, wherein the forming of the contact openings comprises forming contact openings over every other line which are disposed along a generally straight line.
43. The method of claim 38, wherein the forming of the diffusion regions comprises forming diffusion regions on either side of the first conductive line portions of at least some of the conductive lines.
44. A method of operating integrated circuitry comprising:
providing a reverse-biased pn junction elevationally lower than a conductive line which is formed over a substrate, said junction being provided within the substrate and proximate a portion of the conductive line, the reverse-biased pn junction and the conductive line portion providing a contact pad for conductive material which is provided over and in electrical contact with the contact pad through insulative material which is provided over the conductive line portion and at least some of the pn junction; and
providing electrical current through the conductive line and conductive material, the reverse-biased pn junction being sufficiently biased to preclude electrical shorting between the conductive line and the substrate for selected magnitudes of electrical current.
45. The method of claim 44, wherein the reverse-biased pn junction comprises a diffusion region which extends under an entirety of the conductive line portion.
46. The method of claim 44, wherein the reverse-biased pn junction comprises a pair diffusion regions which extend on either side of the conductive line portion.
47. The method of claim 44, wherein the substrate comprises p-type dopant and the pn junction is defined in part by a n-type diffusion region.
48. The method of claim 44, wherein the substrate comprises n-type dopant and the pn junction is defined in part by a p-type diffusion region.
49. A method of operating integrated circuitry comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a first-type dopant;
providing a conductive line over the substrate comprising a conductive line portion;
providing a diffusion region within the substrate proximate the conductive line portion and comprising a second-type dopant which is different from the first-type dopant, the conductive line portion and diffusion region forming a contact pad for the conductive line;
providing conductive material in electrical contact with the contact pad; and
providing a voltage potential across the substrate and diffusion region sufficient to provide a reverse-biased diode construction configured to preclude shorting between the conductive line and the substrate for selected magnitudes of current provided through the conductive line.