1. A dispersed state monitoring device for distributed generation, comprising a power module, an input conditioning module, a data processing module and a network communication module which are connected successively, wherein the input of the device is only an ordinary civil plug, and when it is plugged in a 220V domestic power socket, the power is input to the power module and the input conditioning module in the device at the same time; the power module ensures normal operation of the device through conditioning of a voltage; and the input conditioning module is responsible for conditioning input voltage signals, extracting voltage transient-state and steady-state signals to be analyzed, and inputting the signals to the data processing module; the data processing module is responsible for analyzing the voltage transient-state and steady-state signals, judging the operating state of the distributed power source, and outputting a judging result to the network communication module, and then the result is output from the network communication module via a standard RJ45 Ethernet interface.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the power module consists of a battery unit, a battery charge controller, an ACDC conversion unit and a DCDC conversion unit; the input of the wall socket is connected to an AC side of the ACDC conversion unit; the battery unit and the battery charge controller are connected in series and then connected in parallel at a DC side of the ACDC conversion unit; meanwhile, the DC side of the ACDC conversion unit is connected in parallel with the DCDC conversion unit, and the output of the DCDC conversion unit supplies power to other modules in the device.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein while the input of the wall socket is connected to the power module, the socket is also connected to the input conditioning module, to achieve conversion of a phase voltage signal with a rated value of 220V to a voltage signal between \u22125V and +5V.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the data processing module comprises a singlechip MSP430F149, a clock chip and a synchronous dynamic random access memory, wherein the synchronous dynamic random access memory, the MSP430F149 and the clock chip are connected via an IO expansion bus.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the network communication module consists of an Ethernet communication controller DM9000 and an RJ45 interface; the DM9000 is connected with the IO expansion bus of the singlechip MSP430F149 at one end, and is connected with the RJ45 interface at the other end, to receive fixed-value data from outside and send a processing result of the device.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of mounting an optical element within a barrel, the optical element having opposite first and second surfaces, the second surface comprising a peripheral region, the barrel defining a cavity comprising a seat, said cavity having a center axis; the method comprising the following steps:
a) providing a retaining ring having an abutment for engaging the peripheral region of the second surface of the optical element;
b) determining an auto-centering condition whereby any decentering of the retaining ring and a corresponding tilt of the retaining ring with respect to the center axis have counterbalancing effects on a centering of the optical element with respect to the center axis;
c) selecting a thread profile for a set of barrel threads and a spatial profile for the peripheral region of the second surface in view of said auto-centering condition;
d) providing the barrel with barrel threads according to the thread profile as selected at step c) and the retaining ring with ring threads complementary to said barrel threads;
e) if necessary, modifying at least the peripheral region of the second surface according to the selected spatial profile therefor;
f) positioning the optical element in the cavity with the first surface abutting on the seat; and
g) threading the retaining ring with the barrel until the abutment of the retaining ring engages the second surface of the optical element, thereby securing the optical element between the seat and said retaining ring.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optical element is a lens, a mirror, a diffractive optical element or a pinhole.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the first surface and the second surface of the optical element is planar, concave or convex.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the optical element comprises:
a sleeve having opposite ends defining said first and second surfaces; and
one or more optical components mounted in the sleeve and centered with respect thereto.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thread profile of the barrel threads has a triangular shape or a trapezoidal shape.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the retaining ring is inserted within the cavity, the barrel threads being provided on an inner wall of the barrel and the ring threads being provided on an outer perimeter of the retaining ring.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the retaining ring comprises:
an outer annular segment provided with said ring threads, the ring threads facing inwardly to said cavity and the barrel threads facing outwardly to said cavity;
an inner annular segment extending inside of the cavity and comprising the abutment of the retaining ring.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thread profile is defined by a thread angle of the barrel threads and the spatial profile is defined by a radius of curvature of the second surface along said peripheral region thereof.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the auto-centering condition determined at step b) corresponds to:
d
ring
2
\u2062
tan
\u2061
(
\u03c6
threads
2
)
=
R
2
–
Y
2
where dring is a diameter of the retaining ring along the ring threads, R is the value of the radius of curvature of the second surface along the peripheral region thereof, \u03c6thread is a value of the thread angle of the barrel threads and Y is a half-diameter of the abutment of the retaining ring.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the auto-centering condition determined at step b) corresponds to:
d
ring
2
\u2062
tan
\u2061
(
\u03c6
threads
2
)
=
R
2
–
Y
2
+
h
+
T
2
where:
dring is a diameter of the retaining ring along the ring threads;
R is the value of the radius of curvature of the second surface along the peripheral region thereof;
\u03c6threads is a value of the thread angle of the barrel threads;
Y is a haft-diameter of the abutment of the retaining ring;
h is the distance between (i) a first point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads proximate to the optical element and (ii) a point of contact of the abutment of the retaining ring with the peripheral region of the second surface; and
T is the distance between (i) the first point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads proximate to the optical element and (ii) a last point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads farthest from the optical element diametrically opposite to the first point of contact.
11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the auto-centering condition determined at step b) corresponds to:
d
ring
2
\u2062
tan
\u2061
(
\u03c9
L
)
=
(
Y
sin
\u2061
(
\u03b2
)
)
2
–
Y
2
+
h
+
T
2
where:
dring is a diameter of the retaining ring along the ring threads;
\u03b2 is a local equivalent ring-optical element angle;
\u03c9L is the local effective thread angle;
Y is a half-diameter of the abutment of the retaining ring;
h is the distance between (i) a first point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads proximate to the optical element and (ii) a point of contact of the abutment of the retaining ring with the peripheral region of the second surface; and
T is the distance between (i) the first point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads proximate to the optical element and (ii) a last point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads farthest from the optical element diametrically opposite to the first point of contact.
12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the spatial profile of the peripheral region of the second surface is defined by a radius of curvature of the entire second surface, said radius of curvature being predetermined according to target optical properties of the optical element, the auto-centering condition being determined at step b) in view of said radius of curvature of the second surface.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the auto-centering condition determined at step b) comprises computing a thread angle \u03c6threads of the barrel threads according to:
\u03c6
threads
=
2
\u2062
\u2062
tan
–
1
(
d
ring
2
\u2062
R
2
–
Y
2
)
where dring is a diameter of the retaining ring along the ring threads, R is the value of the radius of curvature of the second surface, and Y is a half-diameter of the abutment of the retaining ring.
14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the auto-centering condition determined at step b) comprises computing a thread angle \u03c6threads of the barrel threads according to:
\u03c6
threads
=
2
\u2062
\u2062
tan
–
1
(
d
ring
2
\u2062
R
2
–
Y
2
+
2
\u2062
h
+
T
)
where:
dring is a diameter of the retaining ring along the ring threads;
R is the value of the radius of curvature of the second surface along the peripheral region thereof;
Y is a half-diameter of the abutment of the retaining ring;
h is the distance between (i) a first point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads proximate to the optical element and (ii) a point of contact of the abutment of the retaining ring with the peripheral region of the second surface; and
T is the distance between (i) the first point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads proximate to the optical element and (ii) a last point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads farthest from the optical element diametrically opposite to the first point of contact.
15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the selecting of step c) comprises selecting a value for the thread angle of the barrel threads that differs from 55 degrees or 60 degrees.
16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second surface of the optical element comprises a central region having a spatial profile predetermined according to target optical properties of the optical element, the spatial profile of the peripheral region used in determining the auto-centering condition at step b) differing from the spatial profile of the central region.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the auto-centering condition determined at step b) comprises computing radius of curvature R corresponding to:
R
=
d
ring
2
\u2062
tan
\u2061
(
\u03c6
threads
2
)
2
+
Y
2
where dring is a diameter of the retaining ring along the ring threads, \u03c6threads is a value of a thread angle of the barrel threads and Y is a haft-diameter of the abutment of the retaining ring.
18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the auto-centering condition determined at step b) comprises computing radius of curvature R corresponding to:
R
=
d
ring
2
\u2062
tan
\u2061
(
\u03c6
threads
2
)
–
h
–
T
2
2
+
Y
2
where:
dring is a diameter of the retaining ring along the ring threads;
\u03c6threads is a value of the thread angle of the barrel threads;
Y is a half-diameter of the abutment of the retaining ring;
h is the distance between (i) a first point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads proximate to the optical element and (ii) a point of contact of the abutment of the retaining ring with the peripheral region of the second surface; and
T is the distance between (i) the first point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads proximate to the optical element and (ii) a last point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads farthest from the optical element diametrically opposite to the first point of contact.
19. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the thread profile for the barrel threads and the spatial profile for the peripheral region of the second surface is selected at step c) to match values therefor meeting the auto-centering condition within a predetermined centering requirement.
20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thread profile of the barrel threads has a non-symmetrical shape and is defined by an effective thread angle.
21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the effective thread angle has a negative value with respect to a plane perpendicular to the center axis of the cavity.
22. An optical assembly comprising a barrel defining a cavity having a center axis, the optical assembly comprising one or more auto-centering optical arrangements; each of the auto-centering optical arrangements comprising:
an optical element mounted in the cavity and having opposite first and second surfaces, the second surface comprising a peripheral region having a spatial profile;
a seat provided in said cavity and engaging the first surface of the optical element;
a set of barrel threads having a thread profile; and
a retaining ring affixed to the barrel through a set of ring threads complementary to the barrel threads, the retaining ring having an abutment engaging the peripheral region of the second surface of the optical element, thereby securing the optical element between the seat and the retaining ring;
wherein, for each of said optical arrangements, the thread profile of the barrel threads and the spatial profile of the peripheral region of the second surface are selected in view of an auto-centering condition whereby any decentering of the retaining ring and a corresponding tilt of the retaining ring with respect to the center axis have counterbalancing effects on a centering of the optical element with respect to the center axis.
23. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein, for at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the optical element is a lens, a mirror, a diffractive optical element or a pinhole.
24. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein, for each of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the optical element is a lens.
25. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein, for each of the auto-centering arrangements, each of the first and the second surface of the optical element is planar, concave or convex.
26. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein, for at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the optical element comprises:
a sleeve having opposite ends defining said first and second surfaces; and
one or more optical components mounted in the sleeve and centered with respect thereto.
27. The optical assembly according to claim 26, wherein each of the optical components is a lens, a mirror or a diffractive optical element.
28. The optical assembly according to claim 26, wherein at least one of the optical components is auto-centered in the sleeve.
29. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein for at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the thread profile of the barrel threads has a triangular shape or a trapezoidal shape.
30. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein for at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the thread profile differs from a standard thread established by a standard setting authority.
31. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein for at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the retaining ring is inserted within the cavity, the barrel threads being provided on an inner wall of the barrel and the ring threads being provided on an outer perimeter of the retaining ring.
32. The optical assembly according to claim 31, wherein, for at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the spatial profile of the peripheral region of the second surface is defined by a radius of curvature of the second surface, said radius of curvature being predetermined according to target optical properties of the optical element, the auto-centering condition being determined in view of said radius of curvature of the second surface.
33. The optical assembly according to claim 32, wherein for said at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements the auto-centering condition comprises a thread angle \u03c6threads of the barrel threads corresponding to:
\u03c6
threads
=
2
\u2062
\u2062
tan
–
1
(
d
ring
2
\u2062
R
2
–
Y
2
)
where dring is a diameter of the retaining ring along the ring threads, R is the value of the radius of curvature of the second surface and Y is a half-diameter of the abutment of the retaining ring.
34. The optical assembly according to claim 32, wherein the auto-centering condition determined at step b) comprises computing a thread angle \u03c6threads of the barrel threads according to:
\u03c6
threads
=
2
\u2062
\u2062
tan
–
1
(
d
ring
2
\u2062
R
2
–
Y
2
+
2
\u2062
h
+
T
)
where:
dring is a diameter of the retaining ring along the ring threads;
R is the value of the radius of curvature of the second surface along the peripheral region thereof;
Y is a half-diameter of the abutment of the retaining ring;
h is the distance between (i) a first point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads proximate to the optical element and (ii) a point of contact of the abutment of the retaining ring with the peripheral region of the second surface; and
T is the distance between (i) the first point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads proximate to the optical element and (ii) a last point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads farthest from the optical element diametrically opposite to the first point of contact.
35. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein, for at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the retaining ring comprises:
an outer annular segment provided with said ring threads, the ring threads facing inwardly to said cavity and the barrel threads facing outwardly to said cavity;
an inner annular segment extending inside of the cavity and comprising the abutment of the retaining ring.
36. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein, for at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the thread profile is defined by a thread angle of the barrel threads and the spatial profile is defined by a radius of curvature of the second surface along said peripheral region thereof.
37. The optical assembly according to claim 36, wherein, for the at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the thread angle of the barrel threads has a value other than 55 degrees or 60 degrees.
38. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein, for at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the thread profile of the barrel threads has a curved shape.
39. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein, for at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the second surface of the optical element comprises a central region having a spatial profile predetermined according to target optical properties of the optical element, the spatial profile of the peripheral region of said second surface selected in view of said auto-centering condition differing from the spatial profile of the central region.
40. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein, for at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the spatial profile of the peripheral region of the second surface is modified in view of said auto-centering condition.
41. The optical assembly according to claim 40, wherein, for said at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the spatial profile of the peripheral region of the second surface is determined by a radius of curvature R corresponding to:
R
=
d
ring
2
\u2062
tan
\u2061
(
\u03c6
threads
2
)
2
+
Y
2
where dring is a diameter of the retaining ring along the ring threads, \u03c6threads is a value of a thread angle of the barrel threads and Y is a half-diameter of the abutment of the retaining ring.
42. The optical assembly, according to claim 40, wherein the auto-centering condition determined at step b) comprises computing radius of curvature R corresponding to:
R
=
d
ring
2
\u2062
tan
\u2061
(
\u03c6
threads
2
)
–
h
–
T
2
2
+
Y
2
where:
dring is a diameter of the retaining ring along the ring threads;
\u03c6threads is a value of the thread angle of the barrel threads;
Y is a half-diameter of the abutment of the retaining ring;
h is the distance between (i) a first point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads proximate to the optical element and (ii) a point of contact of the abutment of the retaining ring with the peripheral region of the second surface; and
T is the distance between (i) the first point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads proximate to the optical element and (ii) a last point of contact of the barrel threads with the ring threads farthest from the optical element diametrically opposite to the first point of contact.
43. The optical assembly according to claim 22, comprising a plurality of said auto-centering optical arrangements cascaded within said cavity.
44. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein for said at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the centering of the optical element with respect to the center axis has a precision of at least 5 \u03bcm.
45. The optical assembly according to claim 22, wherein for at least one of the auto-centering optical arrangements, the thread profile of the barrel threads has an non-symmetrical shape and is defined by an effective thread angle.
46. The optical assembly according to claim 45, wherein the effective thread angle has a negative value with respect to a plane perpendicular to the center axis of the cavity.