1. Method of managing the kinematics of a seat (10) having at least three seat elements (16, 18, 22) able to move with respect to each other and at least two actuators (26, 27) for moving the three elements (16, 18, 22) with respect to each other, characterised in that, when a first actuator (27) is actuated in one direction, it includes a step of actuating a second actuator (26) first of all in a given direction and then in the opposite direction.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the actuation of the second actuator (26) in the given direction is effected for a first predetermined duration.
3. Method according to claim 2, characterised in that the actuation of the second actuator (26) in the opposite direction is effected for a second predetermined duration.
4. Method according to claim 3, characterised in that the first and second predetermined durations are such that, according to the speed of movement of the second actuator (26) in the given direction and in the opposite direction, the movement travels in both directions are substantially identical.
5. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that, before the step of actuating the second actuator (26) in the said given direction, it includes a step of measuring and storing the current position of the second actuator (26), and in that the actuation of the second actuator (26) in the said opposite direction is effected at most until the second actuator (26) returns to the said stored position.
6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it includes a step of monitoring at least one variable characteristic of the force produced by the second actuator (26), during its use in the said opposite direction, and a step of estimating at least one predetermined evaluation criterion relating to the characteristic variable or variables, and in that it includes a step of actuating the second actuator (26) in accordance with a predefined control instruction, ending its movement in the said opposite direction, when at least one of the predetermined evaluation criteria is satisfied.
7. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that the said predetermined control instruction is an instruction chosen from the group consisting of the stoppage of the second actuator (26) and the driving of the second actuator (26) in the said given direction.
8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that at least one variable characteristic of the force produced is a variable characteristic of the electric current consumed by the second actuator (26) chosen from the group consisting of the intensity consumed by the actuator and a drift with respect to the time of the intensity consumed by the actuator.
9. Seat (10) having at least three seat elements (16, 18, 22) able to move with respect to each other and at least two actuators (26, 27) for moving the three elements (16, 18, 22) with respect to each other, characterised in that it has means of actuating a first actuator (27) in one direction and automatic means of actuating a second actuator (26) first of all in a given direction and then in the opposite direction, when the first actuator (27) is actuated in one direction.
10. Seat according to claim 9, characterised in that it has:
a movable squab (16);
a back rest (18) articulated on the squab;
a leg rest (20) articulated on the squab (16); and
a foot rest (22) mounted so as to be able to move with respect to the leg rest (20); and in that
the first actuator (27) is adapted for the conjoint movement of the back rest (18) and of the squab (16) by providing the lowering of the squab (16) when the back rest (18) is raised up; and
the second actuator (26) is adapted for the movement of the foot rest (22) with respect to the leg rest (20).
11. Seat according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that it has:
a movable squab (16);
a back rest (18) articulated on the squab;
a leg rest (20) articulated on the squab (16); and in that
the first actuator (27) is adapted for the conjoint movement of the back rest (18) and of the squab (16) by providing the lowering of the squab (16) when the back rest (18) is raised up; and
the second actuator (26) is adapted for the movement of the leg rest (20) with respect to the squab (16).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive comprising:
a) at least 50% by weight of one or more carboxylic acid functional (meth)acrylate monomers which are the half-ester formed by the reaction of a hydroxy(meth)acrylate compound with an organic anhydride, and
b) 0.1 to 20% by weight of an organic titanate compound.
2. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 1, wherein said anhydride is selected from the group consisting of phthalic anhydride; maleic anhydride; trimellitic anhydride; tetrahydrophthalic anhydride; hexahydrophthalic anhydride; tetrachlorophthalic anhydride; adipic anhydride; azelaic anhydride; sebacic anhydride; succinic anhydride; glutaric anhydride; malonic anhydride; pimelic anhydride; suberic anhydride; 2,2-dimethylsuccinic anhydride; 3,3-dimethylglutaric anhydride; 2,2-dimethylglutaric anhydride; dodecenylsuccinic anhydride; nadic methyl anhydride; and HET anhydride and said hydroxy (meth)acrylate compound is selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate; 2-hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate; 2-hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylate; 2-hydroxy 3-phenyloxypropyl(meth)acrylate; 1,4-butanediol mono(meth)acrylate; 4-hydroxycyclohexyl(meth)acrylate; 1,6-hexanediol mono(meth)acrylate; neopentylglycol mono(meth)acrylate; trimethylolpropane di(meth)acrylate; trimethylolethane di(meth)acrylate; pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate; dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate; octenyl succinic anhydride, and hydroxy functional (meth)acrylates represented by the following formula,
wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and n is an integer from 1 to 5.
3. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 1, wherein said anhydride is succinic anhydride.
4. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 1, wherein said anhydride is phthalic anhydride.
5. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 1, wherein said anhydride is alkene substituted succinic anhydride.
6. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 5, wherein said anhydride is dodecenyl anhydride.
7. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 5, wherein said anhydride is octenyl succinic anhydride.
8. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 1, wherein said hydroxy (meth)acrylate compound is 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate.
9. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 1, wherein said hydroxy (meth)acrylate compound is 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
10. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 1, wherein the organic titanate comprises the reaction product of a least one titanate having one to four alkyl groups and at least one half-ester compound formed by the reaction of a hydroxy (meth)acrylate compound with an organic anhydride.
11. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 10, wherein the organic titanate is formed by pre-reacting the alkyl titanate with the half-ester compound that is formed by the reaction of a hydroxy (meth)acrylate compound with an organic anhydride.
12. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 10, wherein the organic titanate is formed in-situ with blending of other laminating adhesive components.
13. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 1, wherein the organic titanate is formed from tetraisopropyl titanate.
14. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 1, wherein the organic titanate is formed from triethanol amine titanate.
15. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 1, wherein the organic titanate is present at a level of about 1 to about 15% by weight of the adhesive composition.
16. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 1, further comprising less than 50% by weight of at least one mono or multi-functional (meth)acrylate monomer or oligomer.
17. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 1, wherein the adhesive is formulated to be curable by electron beam radiation through at least one layer of a laminated structure.
18. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 1, further comprising about 0.2 to about 15% of a photoinitiator, wherein the adhesive is curable by ultraviolet radiation.
19. The radiation-curable laminating adhesive of claim 18, wherein the photoinitiator comprises a polymeric material.
20. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, further comprising at least one photoinitiator.
21. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive composition is substantially free of acrylic acid.
22. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, further comprising at least one photosensitizer.
23. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, comprising at least 80% of said one or more radiation-curable, carboxylic acid functional monomers.
24. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, comprising at least 90% of said one or more radiation-curable, carboxylic acid functional monomers.
25. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, wherein said radiation-curable laminating adhesive is substantially free of non-carboxylic acid functional monomers.
26. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, wherein said radiation-curable, carboxylic acid functional monomer comprises an acrylate functional group.
27. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, wherein said radiation-curable, carboxylic acid functional monomer comprises a methacrylate functional group.
28. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, wherein said carboxylic acid monomer has a number average molecular weight of from about 100 to about 3000.
29. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, wherein said carboxylic acid monomer has a number average molecular weight of from about 150 to about 2000.
30. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, wherein said carboxylic acid monomer has a number average molecular weight of from about 200 to about 1500.
31. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, wherein said composition has a viscosity of about 10,000 centipoise or less at an application temperature.
32. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, wherein said carboxylic functional monomer has a viscosity of about 50 to about 10,000 centipoise at an application temperature.
33. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive according to claim 1, wherein said carboxylic functional monomer has a viscosity of about 100 to about 5,000 centipoise at an application temperature.
34. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive suitable for packaging pharmaceutical or food grade products comprising:
a. at least 50% of one or more carboxylic acid functional (meth)acrylate monomers which are the half-ester formed by the reaction of a hydroxy(meth)acrylate compound with an organic anhydride, and
b. about 0.1 to about 20% of an organic titanate compound, characterized in that the carboxylic acid functional monomer(s) are selected such that when the adhesive is suitably cured to form a laminated package the cured adhesive allows less than 50 PPB extraction into the contents of the laminated package.
35. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive comprising:
a. at least 50% by weight of one or more carboxylic acid functional (meth)acrylate monomers which are the half-ester formed by the reaction of a hydroxy(meth)acrylate compound with an organic anhydride, and
b. 0.1 to 20% by weight of an organic zirconate compound.
36. A radiation-curable laminating adhesive comprising:
a. at least 50% by weight of one or more carboxylic acid functional (meth)acrylate monomers which are the half-ester formed by the reaction of a hydroxy(meth)acrylate compound with an organic anhydride, and
b. 0.1 to 20% by weight of at least one selected from the group consisting of organic zirconates, organic aluminates, andor organic zinc.