1. A power window apparatus for connection to a power supply and ground, for driving an actuator that is used to move a window glass, the power window apparatus comprising:
a switch for causing the window glass to move when operated, wherein the switch generates a switch signal having a ground level when operated;
a control unit for driving the actuator in response to the switch signal having the ground level;
a connecting terminal used to connect the switch and the control unit to each other;
a ground terminal used to connect the switch and ground to each other; and
a power supply terminal used to connect the switch and the power supply to each other,
wherein when operated, the switch connects the connecting terminal and the ground terminal to each other and generates the switch signal having the ground level in the connecting terminal, and when not operated, the switch connects the connecting terminal and the power supply terminal to each other.
2. The power window apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the switch includes a transfer contact-type switch connected between the connecting terminal, the power supply terminal, and the ground terminal.
3. The power window apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the switch includes:
a first switch unit for selectively connecting the connecting terminal and the power supply terminal to each other; and
a second switch unit for selectively connecting the connecting terminal and the ground terminal to each other in a manner complementary to the first switch unit.
4. A power window apparatus for connection to a power supply and ground, for driving an actuator that is used to raise and lower a widow glass, the power window apparatus comprising:
a raising switch for causing the window glass to raise when operated, wherein the raising switch generates a first switch signal having a ground level when operated;
a lowering switch for causing the window glass to lower when operated, wherein the lowering switch generates a second switch signal having a ground level when operated;
a control unit for driving the actuator in response to the first switch signal or the second switch signal;
a first terminal used to connect the raising switch and the control unit to each other;
a second terminal used to connect the lowering switch and the control unit to each other;
a ground terminal used to connect the raising switch and the lowering switch to ground; and
a power supply terminal used to connect the raising switch and the lowering switch to the power supply,
wherein when operated, the raising switch connects the first terminal and the ground terminal to each other and generates the first switch signal having the ground level in the first terminal, and when not operated, the raising switch connects the first terminal and the power supply terminal to each other, and
wherein when operated, the lowering switch connects the second terminal and the ground terminal to each other and generates the second switch signal having the ground level in the second terminal, and when not operated, the lowering switch connects the second terminal and the power supply terminal to each other.
5. The power window apparatus according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the lowering switch and the raising switch includes a transfer contact-type switch.
6. A method for maintaining a switch signal generated by a switch at a ground level or a power supply level in a power window apparatus that includes the switch, which causes a window glass to move when operated, the power window apparatus including a control unit for driving an actuator to move the window glass in response to a switch signal having a ground level, a connecting terminal connected to the control unit, a ground terminal connected to the ground, and a power supply terminal connected to a power supply, the method comprising:
connecting the connecting terminal and the ground terminal to each other and generating a switch signal having the ground level in the connecting terminal when the switch is operated; and
connecting the connecting terminal and the power supply terminal to each other and generating a switch signal having the power supply level in the connecting terminal when the switch is not operated.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process, comprising distilling an epoxy resin composition which comprises a glycidyl ether comprising a cyclohexyl group and having a low oligomer content wherein said composition is prepared by ring hydrogenation of a compound of general formula (I)
wherein
-X- is \u2014CR2\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014O, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014SO2\u2014,
the radicals R are each, independently of one another, H, C1-6-alkyl, or C3-6-cycloalkyl, wherein one or more H atoms can be replaced by halogen,
the radicals R\u2032 are each, independently of one another, C1-4-alkyl, or halogen, and
the indices n are each, independently of one another, 0, 1, 2 or 3,
and said composition is further prepared by subsequent reaction of the hydroxyl groups with epichlorohydrin,
wherein said distillation is carried out in a short path evaporator at a temperature in the range from 150 to 230\xb0 C. under a pressure in the range from 0.005 to 0.2 mbar.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein, in the compound of the general formula
(I) X is \u2014CH2\u2014, \u2014C(CH3)2\u2014, \u2014C(CF3)2\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, or \u2014O\u2014, n is 0 and the hydroxyl groups are in the p position relative to one another.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of distillate is from 25 to 90% by weight, based on the compositions used for the distillation.
4. An epoxy resin composition which has a low oligomer content and comprises compounds of the general formula (II)
where
-X- is \u2014CR2\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014O, \u2014S\u2014, or \u2014SO2\u2014,
the radicals R are each, independently of one another, H, C1-6-alkyl, C3-6-cycloalkyl, wherein one or more H atoms can be replaced by halogen,
the radicals R\u2032 are each, independently of one another, C1-4-alkyl, or halogen,
the indices n are each, independently of one another, 0, 1, 2 or 3,
wherein
the proportion of compounds having a molecular weight wherein the weight is from 0.5 to 1.12 times the molecular weight of the compound of the general formula (II), is at least 60% by weight,
the proportion of compounds having a molecular weight wherein the weight is from 1.12 to 1.53 times the molecular weight of the compound of the general formula (II) is less than 30% by weight and
the proportion of compounds having a molecular weight wherein the weight is from 1.53 to 2.53 times the molecular weight of the compound of the general formula (II) is less than 2.5% by weight,
based on the total weight of the composition and determined by gel permeation chromatography, wherein
GPC measurement conditions are
Stationary phase:
5 styrene-divinylbenzene gel columns PSS SDV
1 \xd7 E2 \u212b3 \xd7 E4 \u212b1E5 \u212b (each 300 \xd7 8 mm) from PSS GmbH
(temperature: 35\xb0 C.)
Mobile phase:
THF (flow: 1.2 mlmin)
Calibration:
MW 500-5 000 000 gmol using PS calibration kit from Polymer
Laboratories
In the oligomer range: ethylbenzene1,3-diphenylbutane1,3,5-tri-
phenylhexane1,3,5,7-tetraphenyloctane1,3,5,7,9-pentaphenyl-decane
Evaluation limit: 180 gmol
Detection:
RI (refractive index) Waters 410
UV (at 254 nm) Spectra Series UV 100).
5. A LED comprising a sealing or encapsulation material comprising the epoxy resin composition according to claim 4.
6. An optical lens comprising the epoxy resin composition according to claim 5.
7-8. (canceled)