1. A device for detecting and suppressing noise, comprising:
a noise detection device that receives and processes an input signal to determine if the input signal contains noise and provides a detected noise signal indicative of whether or not noise is detected in the input signal; and
a noise filter that receives the input signal and when the detected noise signal does not indicate the presence of noise the noise filter provides an output signal equal to the input signal, and when the detected noise signal indicates the presence of noise the noise filter processes the input signal through a first filter to provide a filtered signal such that the output signal is equal to the filtered signal, wherein the noise filter comprises a control circuit that receives the input signal and the filtered signal and in response dynamically adjusts a cut-off frequency control signal that controls a cut-off frequency of the first filter.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the noise detection device comprises:
a bandpass filter that receives the input signal and provides a bandpassed signal;
a detector that receives the bandpassed signal and provides a detected value signal; and
a comparator that receives the detected value signal and a threshold signal and provides the detected noise signal indicative thereof.
3. The device of claim 2, further comprising:
an averaging unit that receives the detected value signal and provides the threshold signal.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the first filter comprises:
a low pass filter having a dynamically adjustable cut-off frequency, and that receives and filters the input signal to provide the filtered signal.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein the noise filter further comprises:
a first detector that receives the filtered signal and provides a first detected value signal;
a second detector that receives the input signal and provides a second detected value signal; and
a comparator that receives the first detected value signal and the second detected value signal and provides the cut-off frequency control signal.
6. The device of claim 4, wherein the noise filter further comprises:
a first multiplier that receives and multiplies the input signal and a multiplier value less than one, and provides a product signal indicative thereof to the control circuit.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein the first filter comprises:
means responsive to the cut-off frequency control signal, for attenuating signal components beyond the bandwidth of useful signal components within the input signal, and for providing the filtered signal.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the means for attenuating comprises a low pass filter having a dynamically adjustable cut-off frequency at about 15 kHz.
9. The device of claim 8, wherein the noise detection device further comprises:
a bandpass filter that receives the input signal and provides a bandpassed signal;
a detector that receives the bandpassed signal and provides a detected value signal; and
a comparator that receives the detected value signal and a threshold signal and provides the detected noise signal indicative thereof.
10. The device of claim 9, wherein the bandpass filter has a pass band located between about 17 kHz and 31 kHz.
11. The device of claim 6, wherein the noise filter further comprises a ramp circuit that provides a smooth transition of the output signal when switching between the input signal and the filtered signal.
12. The device of claim 2, wherein the detector comprises an absolute value detector.
13. The device of claim 5, wherein the first detector further comprises a first absolute value detector and the second detector comprises a second absolute value detector.
14. A device for detecting and suppressing noise, comprising:
means for processing an input signal to determine if the input signal contains noise, and for providing a detected noise signal indicative of whether or not noise is detected in the input signal; and
means responsive to the input signal and the detected noise signal, for providing an output signal equal to the input signal when the detected noise signal does not indicate the presence of noise, for filtering the input signal to provide a filtered signal such that the output signal is equal to the filtered signal when the detected noise signal indicates the presence of noise, wherein the means for filtering comprises means responsive to the input signal and to the filtered signal, for dynamically adjusting a cut-off frequency control signal that controls a cut-off frequency of the means for filtering.
15. The device of claim 14, wherein the means for processing comprises:
a bandpass filter that receives the input signal and provides a bandpassed signal;
a detector that receives the bandpassed signal and provides a detected value signal indicative of the detected value of the bandpassed signal; and
means responsive to the detected value signal and a threshold signal, for providing the detected noise signal indicative of whether or not noise is detected in the input signal.
16. The device of claim 15, further comprising:
an averaging unit that receives the detected value signal and provides the threshold signal.
17. The device of claim 14, wherein the means for filtering comprises:
a low pass filter having a dynamically adjustable cut-off frequency, and that receives and filters the input signal to provide the filtered signal.
18. The device of claim 17, wherein the means for filtering further comprises:
a first detector that receives the filtered signal and provides a first detected value signal;
a second detector that receives the input signal and provides a second detected value signal; and
a comparator that receives the first detected value signal and the second detected value signal and provides the cut-off frequency control signal.
19. The device of claim 18, wherein the means for filtering further comprises:
a first multiplier that receives and multiplies the input signal and a multiplier value less than one, and provides a product signal indicative thereof.
20. The device of claim 14, wherein the means for filtering further comprises:
means responsive to the cut-off frequency control signal, for attenuating signal components beyond the bandwidth of useful signal components within the input signal, and for providing the filtered signal.
21. The device of claim 20, wherein the means for attenuating comprises a low pass filter having a dynamically adjustable cut-off frequency at about 15 kHz.
22. The device of claim 21, wherein the means for processing comprises:
a bandpass filter that receives the input signal and provides a bandpassed signal;
a detector that receives the bandpassed signal and provides a detected value signal; and
a comparator that receives the detected value signal and a threshold signal and provides the detected noise signal indicative thereof.
23. The device of claim 22, wherein the bandpass filter has a pass band located between about 17 kHz and 31 kHz.
24. The device of claim 14, wherein the means for filtering comprises a ramp circuit that provides a smooth transition of the output signal when switching the output signal between the input signal and the filtered signal.
25. A method for detecting and suppressing noise, comprising:
processing an input signal to determine if the input signal contains noise, and providing a detected noise signal indicative of whether or not noise is detected in the input signal;
filtering the input signal with a filter having a cut-off frequency to provide a filtered signal such that the output signal is equal to the filtered signal when the detected noise signal indicates the presence of noise; and
processing the input signal and the filtered signal, to provide a dynamically adjusted cut-off frequency control signal that controls the cut-off frequency.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the step of processing the input signal and the filtered signal comprises:
determining a first detected value indicative of the input signal;
determining a second detected value indicative of the filtered signal; and
comparing the first and second detected values to determine the cut-off frequency control signal.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the step of filtering comprises filtering the input signal with a low pass filter.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A vector comprising an isolated polynucleotide having promoter activity, which comprises SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:34.
2. (canceled)
3. (canceled)
4. The vector according to claim 1, wherein the polynucleotide which is functionally linked at the 3\u2032 end to a second polynucleotide which comprises an ATG or GTG start codon at the 5\u2032 end and the second polynucleotide codes for one or more polypeptides, wherein said link is a direct link, a link through a linker oligonucleotide, or a link through a linker polynucleotide.
5. The vector according to claim 4, wherein the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:34 is linked through the adenosine nucleotide in position 461 at the 3\u2032 end of SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:34 by a linker oligonucleotide of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 nucleotides in length to the first nucleotide of the start codon of the second polynucleotide.
6. The vector according to claim 4, wherein the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:34 is linked through the adenosine nucleotide at its 3\u2032 end, by a linker polynucleotide of from 6 to 600 nucleotide in length to the first nucleotide of the start codon of the second polynucleotide.
7. The vector according to claim 6, wherein the linker polynucleotide comprises a nucleotide sequence which ensures translation of RNA transcribed from the polynucleotide.
8. The vector according to claim 6, wherein the sequence of the linker polynucleotide is SEQ ID NO:12 or SEQ ID NO:13.
9. The vector according to claim 6, wherein the sequence of the linker polynucleotide is SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17 or SEQ ID NO:18.
10. The vector according to claim 3, wherein the isolated polynucleotide is functionally linked through the adenosine nucleotide in position 461 at the 3\u2032 end of SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:34 to a linker oligonucleotide or to a linker polynucleotide which ensures translation of RNA.
11. The vector according to claim 4, wherein the second polynucleotide which codes for one or more polypeptides is selected from the group consisting of:
a) Polynucleotide (zwf gene) coding for the Zwf subunit of glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (Zwf),
b) Polynucleotide (opcA gene) coding for the OpcA subunit of glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (OpcA),
c) Polynucleotide (devB gene) coding for a 6-phosphogluconolactonase (DevB),
d) Polynucleotide (tkt gene) coding for a transketolase (Tkt),
e) Polynucleotide (tal gene) coding for a transaldolase (Tal),
f) Polynucleotide (gnd gene) coding for a 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Gnd),
g) Polynucleotide (rpe gene) coding for a ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase (Rpe),
h) Polynucleotide (rpi gene) coding for a ribose-5-phosphate isomerase B (Rpi),
i) Polynucleotide (ppc gene) coding for a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (Ppc),
j) Polynucleotide (fbp gene) coding for a fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (Fbp),
k) Polynucleotide (pyc gene) coding for a pyruvate carboxylase (Pyc),
l) Polynucleotide (dapA gene) coding for a dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DapA),
m) Polynucleotide (asd gene) coding for an aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (Asd),
n) Polynucleotide (ddh gene) coding for a meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase (Ddh),
o) Polynucleotide (lysA gene) coding for a diaminopimelate decarboxylase (LysA),
p) Polynucleotide (aat gene) coding for an aspartate aminotransferase (Aat),
q) Polynucleotide (lysE gene) coding for a polypeptide having L-lysine-export activity (LysE),
r) Polynucleotide (dapB gene) coding for a dihydrodipicolinate reductase (DapB),
s) Polynucleotide (lysC gene) coding for an aspartate kinase (LysC),
t) Polynucleotide (dapC gene) coding for a succinyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase, AT class I (DapC),
u) Polynucleotide (dapD gene) coding for a tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase (DapD),
v) Polynucleotide (dapE gene) coding for a succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase (DapE),
w) Polynucleotide (dapF gene) coding for a diaminopimelate epimerase (DapF),
x) Polynucleotides (ilvB gene and ilvN gene) coding for the subunits of an acetolactate synthase (IlvBN),
y) Polynucleotide (ilvC gene) coding for an isomeroreductase (IlvC),
z) Polynucleotide (ilvD gene) coding for a dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (IlvD),
aa) Polynucleotide (ilvE gene) coding for a transaminase (IlvE),
bb) Polynucleotide (ilvA gene) coding for a threonine dehydratase (IlvA),
cc) Polynucleotide (horn gene) coding for a homoserine dehydrogenase (Hom),
dd) Polynucleotide (thrB gene) coding for a homoserine kinase (ThrB),
ee) Polynucleotide (thrC gene) coding for a threonine synthase (ThrC),
ff) Polynucleotide (leuA gene) coding for an isopropylmalate synthase (LeuA),
gg) Polynucleotide (leuB gene) coding for an isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (LeuB),
hh) Polynucleotide (leuC gene) coding for the large subunit of an isopropylmalate isomerase (LeuC),
ii) Polynucleotide (leuD gene) coding for the small subunit of an isopropylmalate isomerase (LeuD),
jj) Polynucleotide (lysE gene) coding for a lysineornithine transporter,
kk) Polynucleotide (argB gene) coding for an N-acetylglutamate kinase (ArgB),
ll) Polynucleotide (gdh gene) coding for a glutamate dehydrogenase (Gdh),
mm) Polynucleotide (argJ gene) coding for a glutamate N-acetyltransferase (ArgJ),
nn) Polynucleotide (argC gene) coding for an N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase (ArgC), and
oo) Polynucleotide (argD gene) coding for an acetylornithine aminotransferase (ArgD).
12. (canceled)
13. A microorganism comprising an isolated polynucleotide having promoter activity, which comprises SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:34.
14. A microorganism comprising the vector according to claim 1.
15. The microorganism according to claim 13, wherein the polynucleotide is integrated in the chromosome.
16. The microorganism according to claim 13, which is a bacterium of the genus Corynebacterium.
17. The microorganism according to claim 16, wherein the isolated polynucleotide having promoter activity in the chromosome
1. has been replaced with a native promoter at a native gene locus of the second polynucleotide, or
2. has been integrated with the second polynucleotide at a native gene locus of the second polynucleotide or at another gene locus, wherein the second polynucleotide which codes for one or more polypeptides is selected from the group consisting of:
a) Polynucleotide (zwf gene) coding for the Zwf subunit of glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (Zwf),
b) Polynucleotide (opcA gene) coding for the OpcA subunit of glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (OpcA),
c) Polynucleotide (devB gene) coding for a 6-phosphogluconolactonase (DevB),
d) Polynucleotide (tkt gene) coding for a transketolase (Tkt),
e) Polynucleotide (tal gene) coding for a transaldolase (Tal),
f) Polynucleotide (gnd gene) coding for a 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Gnd),
g) Polynucleotide (rpe gene) coding for a ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase (Rpe),
h) Polynucleotide (rpi gene) coding for a ribose-5-phosphate isomerase B (Rpi),
i) Polynucleotide (ppc gene) coding for a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (Ppc),
j) Polynucleotide (fbp gene) coding for a fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (Fbp),
k) Polynucleotide (pyc gene) coding for a pyruvate carboxylase (Pyc),
l) Polynucleotide (dapA gene) coding for a dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DapA),
m) Polynucleotide (asd gene) coding for an aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (Asd),
n) Polynucleotide (ddh gene) coding for a meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase (Ddh),
o) Polynucleotide (lysA gene) coding for a diaminopimelate decarboxylase (LysA),
p) Polynucleotide (aat gene) coding for an aspartate aminotransferase (Aat),
q) Polynucleotide (lysE gene) coding for a polypeptide having L-lysine-export activity (LysE),
r) Polynucleotide (dapB gene) coding for a dihydrodipicolinate reductase (DapB),
s) Polynucleotide (lysC gene) coding for an aspartate kinase (LysC),
t) Polynucleotide (dapC gene) coding for a succinyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase, AT class I),
u) Polynucleotide (dapD gene) coding for a tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase (DapD),
v) Polynucleotide (dapE gene) coding for a succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase (DapE),
w) Polynucleotide (dapF gene) coding for a diaminopimelate epimerase (DapF),
x) Polynucleotides (ilvB gene and ilvN gene) coding for the subunits of an acetolactate synthase (IlvBN),
y) Polynucleotide (ilvC gene) coding for an isomeroreductase (IlvC),
z) Polynucleotide (ilvD gene) coding for a dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (IlvD),
aa) Polynucleotide (ilvE gene) coding for a transaminase (IlvE),
bb) Polynucleotide (ilvA gene) coding for a threonine dehydratase (IlvA),
cc) Polynucleotide (horn gene) coding for a homoserine dehydrogenase (Hom),
dd) Polynucleotide (thrB gene) coding for a homoserine kinase (ThrB),
ee) Polynucleotide (thrC gene) coding for a threonine synthase (ThrC),
ff) Polynucleotide (leuA gene) coding for an isopropylmalate synthase (LeuA),
gg) Polynucleotide (leuB gene) coding for an isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (LeuB),
hh) Polynucleotide (leuC gene) coding for the large subunit of an isopropylmalate isomerase (LeuC),
ii) Polynucleotide (leuD gene) coding for the small subunit of an isopropylmalate isomerase (LeuD),
jj) Polynucleotide (lysE gene) coding for a lysineornithine transporter,
kk) Polynucleotide (argB gene) coding for an N-acetylglutamate kinase (ArgB),
ll) Polynucleotide (gdh gene) coding for a glutamate dehydrogenase (Gdh),
mm) Polynucleotide (argJ gene) coding for a glutamate N-acetyltransferase (ArgJ),
nn) Polynucleotide (argC gene) coding for an N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase (ArgC), and
oo) Polynucleotide (argD gene) coding for an acetylornithine aminotransferase (ArgD).
18. The microorganism according to claim 13, which is capable of producing a fine chemical.
19. The microorganism according to claim 18, wherein the fine chemical is an L-amino acid or an organic acid.
20. The microorganism according to claim 19, wherein the fine chemical is an L-amino acid selected from the group consisting of L-isoleucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-ornithine, L-proline, L-valine, and L-tryptophan.
21. The microorganism according to claim 19, wherein the fine chemical is an organic acid is an \u03b1-keto acid selected from the group consisting of \u03b1-ketoisocaproic acid, \u03b1-ketovaleric acid, and \u03b1-keto-\u03b2-methylvaleric acid.
22. A process for preparing a fine chemical, comprising
a) fermenting the microorganism of claim 13 in a fermentation medium to form a fermentation broth
b) accumulating the fine chemical in the fermentation broth of a) andor in the cells of the microorganism.
23. The process for preparing a fine chemical according to claim 20, which is a batch process, a fed-batch process, a repeated fed-batch process, or a continuous process.
24. The process according to claim 20, further comprising recovering the fine chemical or a liquid or solid fine chemical-containing product from the fine chemical-containing fermentation broth.