What is claimed is:
1. A configuration measuring apparatus comprising:
a light source emitting a light having a wavelength ;
a first lens to which the light emitted from the light source is injected at a position shifted from a center thereof, the first lens focusing the light on a subject to be measured;
a polarization beam splitter branching the light emitted from the first lens and emitting the light to the subject;
a first 4 wavelength plate arranged between the polarization beam splitter and the subject;
a second lens to which the light reflected onthe subject through the polarization beam splitter is injected at a position shifted from a center thereof, the second lens collimating the light;
a first mirror reflecting the light emitted from the second lens;
a second 4 wavelength plate arranged between the first mirror and the second lens;
a second mirror reflecting the light reflected on the first mirror through the second 4 wavelength plate and the polarization beam splitter at a position of a focal point thereof and reflecting the other of the branched light;
a light receiving section receiving the light reflected on the second mirror through the polarization beam splitter and the first lens; and
a computing section measuring a configuration of the subject on the basis of an interference signal of the received light.
2. A configuration measuring apparatus comprising:
a light source emitting a light having a wavelength ;
a polarization beam splitter branching the light emitted from the light source and emitting the light to a subject to be measured;
a third 4 wavelength plate arranged between the polarization beam splitter and the subject;
a third lends to which the light emitted from the third 4 wavelength plate is injected at a position shifted from a center thereof, the third lends focusing the light on the subject;
a fourth lens to which the light reflected on the subject through the third lens, the third 4 wavelength plate, and said polarization beam splitter is injected at a position shifted from a center thereof, the fourth lend focusing the light;
a third mirror reflecting the light emitted from the fourth lens at a focus point thereof;
a fourth mirror reflecting the light reflected onthe third mirror through the fourth lens and the polarization beam splitter;
a fourth 4 wavelength plate arranged between the fourth mirror and the polarization beam splitter;
a light receiving section receiving the light reflected on the fourth mirror; and
a computing section measuring a configuration of the subject on the basis of an interference signal of the received light.
3. The configuration measuring apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a focus lens 303 focusing the incident light to the light receiving section.
4. The configuration measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the light source is a laser light source of a single frequency, an output light from the light source is a linear polarization light having a polarization direction inclined at 45 degrees with respect to the polarization beam splitter.
5. The configuration measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a sensing pin reflector brought into contact with a surface of the subject, moving following to a surface displacement, and having a reflection surface reflecting a measurement light.
6. A configuration measuring method comprising:
a step of branching a light;
a step of focusing one of the branched light to a subject to be measured;
a step of again focusing the light reflected onthe subject to the same portion of the subject;
a step of making the reflection light at second time or later from the subject interfere with the other of the branched light; and
a step of measuring a configuration of the subject on the basis of an signal generated by the interference.
7. A configuration measuring method comprising:
a step of focusing a light having a wavelength by a first lens;
a step of branching the focused light by a polarization beam splitter;
a step of focusing one of the branched light to a subject to be measured through a first 4 wavelength plate;
a step of again injecting the other of the branched light to the polarization beam splitter;
a step of injecting the light reflected on the subject to the polarization beam splitter through the first 4 wavelength plate;
a step of collimating the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter by a second lens;
a step of passing the collimated light through a second 4 wavelength plate two times and injecting the collimated light to the polarization beam splitter through the second lens;
a step of reflecting the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter at a focal point thereof so as to inject to the polarization beam splitter;
a step of collimating the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter by the second lens;
a step of passing the collimated light through the second 4 wavelength plate two times and injecting the collimated light to the polarization beam splitter through the second lens;
a step of focusing the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter to the same portion of the subject through the first 4 wavelength plate;
a step of injecting the light reflected onthe subject to the polarization beam splitter through the first 4 wavelength plate;
a step of making the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter interfere with the other of the branched light and irradiating the interfered light to the right receiving section through the first lens; and
a step of measuring a configuration of the subject on the basis of a signal generated by the interference.
8. A configuration measuring method comprising:
a step of branching a light having a wavelength by a polarization beam splitter;
a step of focusing one of the branched light to a subject to be measured through a third 4 wavelength plate and a third lens;
a step of reflecting the other of the branched light through a fourth lens at a focal point thereof and injecting the other of the branched light to the polarization beam splitter again through the fourth lens;
a step of injecting the light reflected on the subject to the polarization beam splitter through the third lens and the third 4 wavelength plate;
a step of passing the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter through a fourth 4 wavelength plate two times and injecting again the light to the polarization beam splitter;
a step of reflecting the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter at a focal point thereof through the fourth lens and injecting again the light to the polarization beam splitter through the fourth lens;
a step of passing the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter through the fourth 4 wavelength plate two times and injecting again the light to the polarization beam splitter;
a step of focusing the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter to the same portion of the subject through the third 4 wavelength plate and the third lens;
a step of injecting the light reflected on the subject to the polarization beam splitter through the third lens and the third 4 wavelength plate;
a step of making the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter interfere with the other of the branched light and irradiating the interfered light to the right receiving section through the first lens; and
a step of measuring a configuration of the subject on the basis of a signal generated by the interference.
9. A shape measuring method comprising:
a step of branching a light having a wavelength by a polarization beam splitter;
a step of focusing one of the branched light to a subject to be measured through a third 4 wavelength plate and a third lens;
a step of injecting the light reflected on the subject to the polarization beam splitter through the third lens and the third 4 wavelength plate;
a step of reflecting the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter at a focal point thereof through a fourth lens and injecting again the light to the polarization beam splitter through the fourth lens;
a step of focusing the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter to the same portion of the subject through the third 4 wavelength plate and the third lens;
a step of injecting the light reflected on the subject to the polarization beam splitter through the third lens and the third 4 wavelength plate;
a step of passing the other of the branched light through the fourth 4 wavelength plate two times and injecting again the other of the branched light to the polarization beam splitter;
a step of reflecting the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter at a focal point thereof through the fourth lens and injecting again the light to the polarization beam splitter through the fourth lens;
a step of passing the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter through the fourth 4 wavelength plate two times and injecting again the light to the polarization beam splitter;
a step of making the incoming light emitted from the polarization beam splitter interfere with the incoming light reflected on the same portion of the subject and irradiating the interfered light to the right receiving section; and
a step of measuring a configuration of the subject on the basis of a signal generated by the interference.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A cardiac assist sleeve, comprising:
first elongate strips of a first shape-memory alloy, the first elongate strips having a cross-sectional shape taken perpendicularly across a lengthwise line of symmetry; and
second elongate strips of a second shape-memory alloy that intersect and pass the first elongate strips, where the first elongate strips and the second elongate strips define a volume that changes as the cross-sectional shape of the first elongate strips reversibly change between a first cross-sectional shape having two flat surfaces that are opposite of each other and a second cross-sectional shape having one convex surface and one concave surface opposite the convex surface to change the volume of the cardiac assist sleeve.
2. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 1, where the second elongate strips include a cross-sectional shape taken along the second direction that reversibly changes between a linear cross-sectional shape and a non-linear cross-sectional shape to change the volume of the cardiac assist sleeve.
3. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 2, where the first elongate strips and the second elongate strips change cross-sectional shape when an electrical potential is placed across the first shape-memory alloy and the second shape-memory alloy.
4. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 1, where each of the first elongate strips includes a first end and a second end, the first end of the first elongate strips join at a collar.
5. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 4, where the second end of the first elongate strips join at a common location.
6. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 1, where the first elongate strips include a cladding of the first shape-memory alloy and a third shape-memory alloy, the first shape-memory alloy and the third shape-memory alloy each having at least one layer that extends in the first direction.
7. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 6, where the first elongate strips reversibly change cross-sectional shape when an electrical potential is placed across the first shape-memory alloy to change the volume of the cardiac assist sleeve and to impart potential energy in the third shape-memory alloy.
8. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 7, where the third shape-memory alloy releases the potential energy to return the first elongate strips toward the first cross-sectional shape.
9. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 7, where the first elongate strips include an electrically insulating layer between the first shape-memory alloy and the third shape-memory alloy.
10. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 1, where the second elongate strips include a cladding of the first shape-memory alloy and a third shape-memory alloy, the first shape-memory alloy and the third shape-memory alloy each having at least one layer that extends in the second direction.
11. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 10, where the second elongate strips include a cross-sectional shape across the second direction that reversibly changes between a linear cross-sectional shape and a non-linear cross-sectional shape when an electrical potential is placed across the first shape-memory alloy to change the volume of the cardiac assist sleeve and to impart potential energy in the third shape-memory alloy.
12. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 11, where the third shape-memory alloy releases the potential energy to return the second elongate strips toward the linear cross-sectional shape.
13. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 11, where the first elongate strips include an electrically insulating layer between the first shape-memory alloy and the third shape-memory alloy.
14. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 1, where the first elongate strips and the second elongate strips have a thickness between a first surface and a second surface of 10 to 200 microns.
15. The cardiac assist sleeve of claim 1, where the first elongate strips are radially symmetrical around an axis extending in the first direction.