1. A method of improving the combustion efficiency of a fuel-burning device, comprising:
adding a polymer to the fuel of the fuel-burning device at a concentration range of about 0.1 to about 80 ppm by weight, wherein the polymer is polyisobutylene, the polyisobutylene having a viscosity average molecular weight of about 2.6 million Daltons, and
burning the fuel with the polymer in the fuel-burning device.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer is added to the fuel in a concentration range of about 1 to about 20 ppm by weight.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer is added to the fuel in a concentration range of about 5 to about 10 ppm by weight.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel-burning device is selected from the group consisting of gasoline engines, diesel engines, jet engines, marine engines, furnaces and burners.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer is added to a fuel tank of the fuel-burning device.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the polymer is added to the fuel prior to adding the fuel to the tank of the fuel-burning device.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer has a viscosity average molecular weight of about 2.6 million Daltons in a concentration range of about 0.1 to about 60 ppm by weight in the fuel.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein carbon dioxide emission rates are reduced by more than about sixty percent compared to neat fuel.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel-burning device is an internal combustion engine in a vehicle and fuel mileage is increased by at least about ten percent compared to neat fuel.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel is selected from the group consisting of gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, marine fuel, and heating oil.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel includes biodiesel.
12. A method of improving the combustion efficiency of a fuel-burning device, comprising:
adding a polymer to the fuel of the fuel-burning device, wherein the polymer is polyisobutylene having a viscosity average molecular weight of 2.6 million Daltons in a concentration range of about 0.1 to about 100 ppm by weight in the fuel, and
burning the fuel with the polymer in the fuel-burning device.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the polymer is added to the fuel in a concentration range of about 1 to about 20 ppm by weight.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the polymer is added to the fuel in a concentration range of about 5 to about 10 ppm by weight.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the fuel-burning device is selected from the group consisting of gasoline engines, diesel engines, jet engines, marine engines, furnaces and burners.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein the polymer is added to a fuel tank of the fuel-burning device.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the polymer is added to the fuel prior to adding the fuel to the tank of the fuel-burning device.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the polymer has a viscosity average molecular weight of about 2.6 million Daltons in a concentration range of about 0.1 to about 60 ppm by weight in the fuel.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein carbon dioxide emission rates are reduced by more than about sixty percent compared to neat fuel.
20. The method of claim 12, wherein the fuel-burning device is an internal combustion engine in a vehicle and fuel mileage is increased by at least about ten percent compared to neat fuel.
21. The method of claim 12, wherein the fuel is selected from the group consisting of gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, marine fuel, and heating oil.
22. The method of claim 12, wherein the fuel includes biodiesel.
23. A method of improving the combustion efficiency of a fuel-burning device, comprising:
adding a polyisobutylene having a viscosity average molecular weight of about 1 million to about 3.3 million Daltons to the fuel of the fuel-burning device until a concentration of 0.1 to 80 ppm by weight is reached, and
burning the fuel with the polymer in the fuel-burning device.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the polyisobutylene has a viscosity average molecular weight of about 2.2 million to about 2.6 million Daltons.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein the polyisobutylene has a viscosity average molecular weight of about 1.2 million to about 1.6 million Daltons.
26. The method of claim 23, the polyisobutylene having a viscosity average molecular weight of about 2.6 million Daltons.
27. The method of claim 23, wherein the polyisobutylene is added to the fuel in a concentration range of about 1 to about 20 ppm by weight.
28. The method of claim 23, wherein the polyisobutylene is added to the fuel in a concentration range of about 5 to about 10 ppm by weight.
29. The method of claim 23, wherein the fuel-burning device is selected from the group consisting of gasoline engines, diesel engines, jet engines, marine engines, furnaces and burners.
30. The method of claim 23, wherein the polymer is added to a fuel tank of the fuel-burning device.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the polymer is added to the fuel prior to adding the fuel to the tank of the fuel-burning device.
32. The method of claim 23, wherein carbon dioxide emission rates are reduced by more than about sixty percent compared to neat fuel.
33. The method of claim 23, wherein the fuel-burning device is an internal combustion engine in a vehicle and fuel mileage is increased by at least about ten percent compared to neat fuel.
34. The method of claim 23, wherein the fuel is selected from the group consisting of gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, marine fuel, and heating oil.
35. The method of claim 23, wherein the fuel includes biodiesel.
36. A method of adding a polymer to a fuel tank, comprising:
dissolving a polymer in a solvent to create a solution, wherein the polymer includes polyisobutylene, the polyisobutylene having a viscosity average molecular weight of about 2.6 million Daltons, and
adding the solution to a fuel in the fuel tank of a fuel-burning device until the polymer has a concentration in the fuel of about 0.1 to about 80 ppm.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein the solvent comprises isooctane.
38. The method of claim 36, wherein the solution comprises 1 percent of the polymer by weight.
39. The method of claim 36, wherein the polymer is added to the fuel in a concentration range of about 0.1 to about 60 ppm by weight.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A film-covered electric device having an electric device element, and a casing film arranged for enclosing said electric device element to seal said electric device element, said casing film comprising:
a sealing area formed by thermally fusing the facing surfaces of said casing film together throughout the perimeter of said casing film around the periphery of said electric device element;
an electric device element receiving part formed inside said sealing area as a space for encapsulating said electric device element;
at least one unfused portion communicating with said electric device element receiving part, and having a cove shape that opens to said electric device element receiving part;
a sealed stress concentrating portion touching said unfused portion and which concentrates the peeling stress of said casing film, the peeling stress being generated by the expansion of said electric device element receiving part according to the rise of inside pressure of said electric device element receiving part; and
a pressure release part formed within said sealed stress concentrating portion for opening the inside of said electric device element receiving part to the outside thereof by peeling said casing film at said sealed stress concentrating portion.
2. The film-covered electric device according to claim 1, wherein said sealing area is formed protruding away from said electric device receiving part where said unfused portion is provided.
3. The film-covered electric device according to claim 1, wherein said pressure release part is a hole or a slit formed at least in one side of said casing film overlaid at said stress concentrating portion.
4. The film-covered electric device according to claim 1, wherein two unfused portions are provided in spaced relationship with each other along the periphery of said sealing area, and said sealed stress concentrating portion is located between said two unfused portions.
5. The film-covered electric device according to claim 4, wherein said sealed stress concentrating portion is formed as a fused protrusion protruding toward said electric device element receiving part from said sealing area positioned outside said two unfused portions.
6. The film-covered electric device according to claim 5, wherein said fused protrusion has a shape tapering toward said electric device element receiving part.
7. The film-covered electric device according to claim 1, wherein said pressure release part is so positioned that, when the inside of said electric device element receiving part opens to the outside, the inside pressure of said electric device element receiving part increases over the atmospheric pressure by 0.1 to 0.2 MPa.
8. The film-covered electric device according to claim 1, wherein said electric device element is a chemical battery element or a capacitor element.
9. The film-covered electric device according to claim 1, wherein said at least one unfused portion has a taper shape.
10. The film-covered electric device according to claim 1, wherein a total length of portions where said unfused portions abut said electric device element receiving part is shorter than an inside length of casing film at a side wherein said unfused portions are formed.
11. The film-covered electric device according to claim 1, wherein portions where said unfused portions abut said battery element receiving part are separated a distance from sides of said electric device element receiving part that are adjacent to a side of said electric device element receiving part on which said unfused portions are formed.
12. The film-covered electric device according to claim 1, wherein intersection points are formed where sealed sides defining said cove shape meet a side of said unfused portion that opens to said electric device receiving part.