1. A catalyst composition comprising an ansa-metallocene compound, an organoaluminum compound, and an activator-support, wherein:
(a) the ansa-metallocene compound has the structure:
(i)
wherein M1 is titanium or zirconium;
wherein X1 and X2 independently are a halogen, an alkyl group, an alkyl silyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, H, OAr, NR2, NAr2, BH4, SO3Ar, SO3CH3, SO3CF3, or OR, wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl silyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, or a silyl group;
wherein E1 is carbon or silicon;
wherein R2 and R3 independently are an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl silyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an alkenyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, a silyl group, or a hydride group; or
(ii)
wherein M2 is titanium or zirconium;
wherein X3 and X4 independently are a halogen, an alkyl group, an alkyl silyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, H, OAr, NR2, NAr2, BH4, SO3Ar, SO3CH3, SO3CF3, or OR, wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
wherein R4 and R5 independently are an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl silyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms;
wherein E2 is carbon or silicon;
wherein R6 and R7 independently are an aryl group, an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms;
(b) the organoaluminum compound is a compound with the formula:
Al(X5)n(X6)3-n;
wherein (X5) is a hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms;
(X6) is an alkoxide or an aryloxide having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, halide, or hydride; and n is a number from 1 to 3, inclusive; and
(c) the activator-support comprises a chemically-treated solid oxide.
2. The catalyst composition of claim 1, wherein R1 is a propyl group, a 1-butenyl group, or a trimethyl silyl group.
3. The catalyst composition of claim 1, wherein R2 and R3 independently are a methyl group.
4. The catalyst composition of claim 1, wherein R4 and R5 independently are a propyl group or an iso-butyl group.
5. The catalyst composition of claim 1, wherein R6 and R7 independently are a phenyl group or a methyl group.
6. The catalyst composition of claim 1, wherein the organoaluminum compound is trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tri-n-propylaluminum, diethylaluminum ethoxide, tri-n-butylaluminum, diisobutylaluminum hydride, triisobutylaluminum, diethylaluminum chloride, or any combination thereof.
7. The catalyst composition of claim 1, wherein the chemically-treated solid oxide is fluorided alumina, chlorided alumina, bromided alumina, sulfated alumina, fluorided silica-alumina, chlorided silica-alumina, bromided silica-alumina, sulfated silica-alumina, fluorided silica-zirconia, chlorided silica-zirconia, bromided silica-zirconia, sulfated silica-zirconia, or any combination thereof.
8. The catalyst composition of claim 1, wherein the ansa-metallocene compound comprises Me2CCp(3-PrInd)ZrCl2, Me2CCp(3-ButenylInd)ZrCl2, Me2CCp(3Me3SiInd)ZrCl2, meso-Ph2Si(3-PrInd)2ZrCl2, meso-Me2Si(3-PrInd)2ZrCl2, or meso-Ph2Si(3-i-ButylInd)2ZrCl2.
9. The catalyst composition of claim 1, further comprising a cocatalyst selected from at least one aluminoxane, at least one organozinc compound, at least one organoboron compound, at least one ionizing ionic compound, or any combination thereof.
10. A process for producing a catalyst composition comprising contacting an ansa-metallocene compound, a chemically-treated solid oxide, and an organoaluminum compound, wherein:
(a) the ansa-metallocene compound has the structure:
(i)
wherein M1 is titanium or zirconium;
wherein X1 and X2 independently are a halogen, an alkyl group, an alkyl silyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, H, OAr, NR2, NAr2, BH4, SO3Ar, SO3CH3, SO3CF3, or OR, wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl silyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, or a silyl group;
wherein E1 is carbon or silicon;
wherein R2 and R3 independently are an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl silyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an alkenyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, a silyl group, or a hydride group; or
(ii)
wherein M2 is titanium or zirconium;
wherein X3 and X4 independently are a halogen, an alkyl group, an alkyl silyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, H, OAr, NR2, NAr2, BH4, SO3Ar, SO3CH3, SO3CF3, or OR, wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
wherein R4 and R5 independently are an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl silyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms;
wherein E2 is carbon or silicon;
wherein R6 and R7 independently are an aryl group, an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms; and
(b) the organoaluminum compound is a compound with the formula:
Al(X5)n(X6)3-n,
wherein (X5) is a hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms;
(X6) is an alkoxide or an aryloxide having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, halide, or hydride; and n is a number from 1 to 3, inclusive.
11. The process of claim 10, wherein the ansa-metallocene compound, chemically-treated solid oxide, and organoaluminum compound are contacted in any order.
12. The process of claim 10, further comprising precontacting the ansa-metallocene compound and the organoaluminum compound with an olefinic monomer for a first period of time to form a precontacted mixture.
13. The process of claim 12, wherein the first period of time is from about 0.1 hour to about 24 hours.
14. The process of claim 12, wherein the first period of time is from about 0.1 hour to about 1 hour.
15. The process of claim 12, further comprising contacting the precontacted mixture with the activator-support for a second period of time to form a postcontacted mixture.
16. The process of claim 15, wherein the second period of time is from about 0.1 hour to about 24 hours.
17. The process of claim 15, wherein the second period of time is from about 0.1 hour to about 1 hour.
18. The process of claim 15, wherein the postcontacted mixture is heated at a temperature of from about 0\xb0 F. to about 150\xb0 F.
19. A process for forming a polymer having a high melt index in the absence of hydrogen, the process comprising contacting a catalyst composition with at least one type of olefin monomer under polymerization conditions, the catalyst composition comprising an ansa-metallocene compound, a chemically-treated solid oxide, and an organoaluminum compound, wherein:
(a) the ansa-metallocene compound has the structure:
(i)
wherein M1 is titanium or zirconium;
wherein X1 and X2 independently are a halogen, an alkyl group, an alkyl silyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, H, OAr, NR2, NAr2, BH4, SO3Ar, SO3CH3, SO3CF3, or OR, wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl silyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, or a silyl group;
wherein E1 is carbon or silicon;
wherein R2 and R3 independently are an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl silyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an alkenyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, a silyl group, or a hydride group; or
(ii)
wherein M2 is titanium or zirconium;
wherein X3 and X4 independently are a halogen, an alkyl group, an alkyl silyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, H, OAr, NR2, NAr2, BH4, SO3Ar, SO3CH3, SO3CF3, or OR, wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
wherein R4 and R5 independently are an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl silyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms;
wherein E2 is carbon or silicon;
wherein R6 and R7 independently are an aryl group, an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms;
(b) the organoaluminum compound is a compound with the formula:
Al(X5)n(X6)3-n;
wherein (X5) is a hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms;
(X6) is an alkoxide or an aryloxide having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, halide, or hydride; and n is a number from 1 to 3, inclusive.
20. The process of claim 19, wherein the olefin monomer is ethylene.
21. The process of claim 19, further comprising contacting the catalyst composition with at least one comonomer.
22. The process of claim 21, wherein the comonomer is 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, or styrene.
23. The process of claim 21, wherein the amount of comonomer is from about 0.01 to about 50 weight percent of the total weight of the monomer and comonomer.
24. The process of claim 19, wherein the polymerization conditions comprise a polymerization temperature of from about 60\xb0 C. to about 280\xb0 C.
25. The process of claim 19, wherein the molar ratio of the total moles of the metallocene compound to the organoaluminum compound is from about 1:1 to about 1:100.
26. The process of claim 19, wherein the catalyst composition and the at least one olefin monomer are contacted in a gas phase reactor, a loop reactor, or a stirred tank reactor.
27. A metallocene compound represented by the structure:
28. A metallocene compound represented by the structure:
29. A metallocene compound represented by the structure:
.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A data synchronizing system, comprising:
a database server, which comprises a first database;
an application server, which comprises a first data filter for filtering new and changed data in the first database; and
at least one mobile computing device, the at least one mobile computing device comprising:
a second database; and
an application for performing functions of the at least one mobile computing device, the application comprising:
a connectivity switching module for receiving demands for connection to or disconnection from the application server, and for switching connectivity between the at least one mobile computing device and the application server;
a data processing module for processing data in the second database;
a second data filter for filtering new and changed data in the second database; and
a data synchronizing module for synchronizing data in the second database with data in the first database.
2. The data synchronizing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one mobile computing device is a personal digital assistant.
3. The data synchronizing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one mobile computing device communicates with the application server by means of a modem.
4. The data synchronizing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one mobile computing device communicates with the application server by means of an Ethernet card.
5. The data synchronizing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application further comprises an account setting module for setting various dialup accounts for the at least one mobile computing device to be connected to the application server.
6. A data synchronizing method for synchronizing data in a first database of a database server with data in a second database of a mobile computing device, the database server connecting to the mobile computing device through an application server, the method comprising the steps of:
connecting the mobile computing device to the application server communicatively;
downloading data from the first database to the second database through the application server;
disconnecting the mobile computing device from the application server;
processing the downloaded data;
filtering new andor changed data in the first database andor in the second database; and
reconnecting the mobile computing device with the application server communicatively, and synchronizing data in the first database and the second database.
7. The data synchronizing method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mobile computing device is a personal digital assistant.
8. The data synchronizing method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the reconnecting step further comprises the steps of:
sending an impulse to the application server to ascertain whether reconnection is available;
synchronizing data if reconnection is available; and
reconnecting again if reconnection is not available.
9. The data synchronizing method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the impulse is a hypertext transfer protocol request.
10. The data synchronizing method as claimed in claim 6, wherein only said new andor changed data are transferred when synchronizing data in the first database and the second database.
11. A method of data transmission between a remote server and a mobile computing device, comprising the steps of:
synchronizing only when the remote server and the mobile computing device is in a connection mode;
executing a filter against a local data store when the remote server and the mobile computing device is in a disconnection mode; and
simply downloading a result set of the filter in the connection mode from the remote server to the mobile computing device when the mobile computing device contains no related data in the data store, or synchronizing in the connection mode when the mobile computing device contains records in the data store at least partially matching the result set of the executed filter under a condition that only portions of said result set of the executed filter, which are not contained in the data store, are transferred.
12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein said mobile computing device is constantly linked to an internet which is available to be linked to said remote server, for resulting in said connection mode, wherein said remote server is arranged to be alternately in the connection or disconnection mode with regard to the mobile computing device via other controls.
13. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein said data transmission is through wireless.