1. A substrate, comprising:
a handle support; and
a single crystalline layer on the handle support, wherein the single crystalline layer is substantially strain-relieved.
2. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the single crystalline layer is completely strain-relieved.
3. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the single crystalline layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of III-V semiconductor materials, II-VI semiconductor materials, IV-IV semiconductor materials, and ceramic semiconductor materials.
4. The substrate of claim 3, wherein the single crystalline layer comprises a III-V semiconductor material.
5. The substrate of claim 4, wherein the single crystalline layer comprises an alloy of In, Ga and As.
6. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the handle support comprises Si.
7. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the handle support comprises a SiO2Si substrate.
8. A method of forming a virtual substrate, comprising:
growing a coherently-strained single crystalline layer on an initial growth substrate;
removing the initial growth substrate from the coherently-strained single crystalline layer, wherein upon removal of the initial growth substrate, the coherently-strained single crystalline layer is substantially relieved of strain to form a substantially strain-relieved single crystalline layer; and
applying the substantially strain-relieved single crystalline layer to a handle support to form the virtual substrate.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the substantially strain-relieved single crystalline layer is completely relieved of strain.
10. The method of claim 8, further comprising applying a transfer support to the coherently-strained single crystalline layer prior to removing the initial growth substrate.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the transfer support comprises a material selected from the group consisting of waxes, greases, polymers, adhesives and adhesive tapes.
12. The method of claim 10, further comprising removing the transfer support after applying the substantially strain-relieved single crystalline layer to the handle support.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the applying the substantially strain-relieved single crystalline layer to the handle support comprises applying water to at least one of the substantially strain-relieved single crystalline layer or the handle support, and allowing a van der Waals bond to form between the substantially strain-relieved single crystalline layer and the handle support.
14. The method of claim 8, further comprising applying a sacrificial layer on the initial growth substrate prior to growing the coherently-strained single crystalline layer, wherein the coherently-strained single crystalline layer is grown on the sacrificial layer.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the removing the initial growth substrate from the coherently-strained single crystalline layer comprises removing the sacrificial layer.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising applying a transfer support to the coherently-strained single crystalline layer prior to removing the sacrificial layer.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising removing the transfer support after applying the substantially strain-relieved single crystalline layer to the handle support.
18. The method of claim 8, further comprising implanting H+ or He+ ions in the initial growth substrate after growing the coherently-strained film.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein removing the initial growth substrate from the coherently-strained single crystalline layer comprises:
heating the initial growth substrate and coherently-strained single crystalline layer after implanting the ions, wherein the heat triggers exfoliation of the initial growth substrate resulting in removal of all but a thin layer of the initial growth substrate from the coherently-strained single crystalline layer; and
removing the thin layer of the initial growth substrate from the coherently-strained single crystalline layer.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising applying a transfer support to the coherently-strained single crystalline layer prior to heating the initial growth substrate and coherently-strained single crystalline layer.
21. The method of claim 20, further comprising removing the transfer support after applying the substantially strain-relieved single crystalline layer to the handle support.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-13. (canceled)
14. A veterinary or agricultural composition comprising a compound of Formula (1),
wherein:
X is CR8;
R1 is CF3, OCF2H, OCF3, \u2014SCF3, \u2014SOCF3, \u2014SO2CF3, or SF5;
R2 is H, fluoro, or C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted by 1 to 5 halogen atoms independently selected from chloro and fluoro;
R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, and C4 alkyl optionally substituted by 1 to 5 halogen groups independently selected from chloro and fluoro;
R7 is Cl or fluoro;
R8 is Cl or fluoro; and
R9 is NRaRb;
Ra is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C(O)OC1-6 alkyl and C1-6 alkanoyl, wherein each of the above groups may include one or more optional substituents where chemically possible independently selected from halo, phenyl, hydroxy, \u2014C(O)OH, \u2014C(O)OC1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, amino, C1-6 alkyl amino and di C1-6 alkyl amino;
Rb is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C1-6 alkanoyl and C(O)OC1-6 alkyl, wherein each of the above groups may include one or more optional substituents where chemically possible independently selected from halo, phenyl, hydroxy, \u2014COOH, \u2014C(O)OC1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, amino, C1-6 alkyl amino and di C1-6 alkyl amino; or a veterinarily, or agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; with the proviso that at least one of R2, R3, R4, R5, or R6 is fluoro, and optionally, a veterinarily or agriculturally acceptable excipient.
15. The composition of claim 14, wherein R1 is CF3 or SF5.
16. The composition of claim 15, wherein R2 is F, CF3 or CHF2.
17. The composition of claim 16, wherein R3 and R4 are each fluoro and R5 and R6 are each hydrogen.
18. The composition of claim 17, wherein R2 is CF3, R3 and R4 both represent fluoro and R5 and R6 represent hydrogen.
19. The composition of claim 18, wherein R7 and R8 are both chloro.
20. The composition of claim 19, wherein R9 is NH2.
21. The composition of claim 14, further comprising a veterinarily or agriculturally acceptable excipient.
22. The composition of claim 14, wherein the Formula (1) compound is selected from:
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-pentafluorothiophenyl-4-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-(1,2,2-trifluorocyclopropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-(pentafluorocyclopropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-4-(2,2-dichloro-1-fluorocyclopropyl)-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-pentafluorothiophenyl-4-(pentafluorocyclopropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-pentafluorothiophenyl-4-(1,2,2-trifluorocyclopropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2-difluorocyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-4-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-1-2,6-difluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-pentafluorothiophenyl-4-1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2-difluorocyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-4-{1-chloro(fluoro)methyl-2,2-difluorocyclopropyl}1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluorocyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile:
1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-5-(methylamino)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl-4-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl-4-1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluorocyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl-4-1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2-difluorocyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-2,2-difluoro-1-(fluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-(2,2-difluoro-1-methylcyclopropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-{2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)thiophenyl}-4-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
ethyl 3-cyano-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ylcarbamate;
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 3-cyano-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ylcarbamate;
2,2,2-trifluoroethyl 3-cyano-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ylcarbamate;
5-amino-1-{2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylphenyl}-4-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl-4-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
5-amino-1-2,6-dichloro-4-pentafluorothiophenyl-4-1-(difluoromethyl)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluorocyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile;
Isopropyl 3-cyano-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ylcarbamate; and
5-amino-4-{1-chloro(difluoro)methyl-2,2-difluorocyclopropyl}-1-2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, or a veterinarily, or agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.
23. A method of using a compound of Formula (I),
wherein:
X is CR8;
R1 is CF3, OCF2H, OCF3, \u2014SCF3, \u2014SOCF3, \u2014SO2CF3, or SF5;
R2 is H, fluoro, or C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted by 1 to 5 halogen atoms independently selected from chloro and fluoro;
R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, and C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted by 1 to 5 halogen groups independently selected from chloro and fluoro;
R7 is Cl or fluoro;
R8 is Cl or fluoro; and
R9 is NRaRb;
Ra is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C(O)OC1-6 alkyl and C1-6 alkanoyl, wherein each of the above groups may include one or more optional substituents where chemically possible independently selected from halo, phenyl, hydroxy, \u2014C(O)OH, \u2014C(O)OC1-8 alkyl, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, amino, C1-6 alkyl amino and di C1-e, alkyl amino;
Rb is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C1-6 alkanoyl and C(O)OC1-6 alkyl, wherein each of the above groups may include one or more optional substituents where chemically possible independently selected from, halo, phenyl, hydroxy, \u2014COOH, \u2014C(O)OC1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, amino, C1-6 alkyl amino and di C1-6 alkyl amino; or a veterinarily, or agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; with the proviso that at least one of R2, R3, R4, R5, or R6 is fluoro; for the control of a parasitic infestation in an animal or plant.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the control of a parasitic infestation is in an animal.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein the control of a parasitic infestation is in a plant.