1. A pneumatic tire of the present invention comprising:
a tread portion;
a pair of side wall portions;
a pair of bead portions;
a carcass constituted of at least one carcass ply extending in a toroidal shape between bead cores in the respective bead portions;
a belt disposed on the outer peripheral side of a crown region of the carcass and formed by at least one inclined belt layer made of cords extending to be inclined with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire; and
a tread rubber disposed on the radially outer side of the belt,
wherein a ratio of BDBW satisfies the following formula: (0.062\xd7tire aspect ratio\u22120.01)<BDBW<(0.062\xd7tire aspect ratio+0.004), provided that BD is a difference in radial distance measured from the rim diameter line between the maximum-radial distance position and a widthwise end edge position of the outermost layer of the inclined belt and BW is a width of the outermost inclined belt layer in a meridian cross section of the tire in a state where the tire is assembled with an application wheel rim.
2. The pneumatic tire of claim 1, wherein a ratio of BWSW preferably satisfies the following formula: (\u22121.04\xd7tire aspect ratio+1.33)<BWSW<(\u22121.04\xd7tire aspect ratio+1.43), where BW is a width of the outermost inclined belt layer and SW is the maximum width of the tire in a meridian cross section of the tire.
3. The pneumatic tire of claim 1, wherein a ratio of SWhSH is preferably in the range of 0.5-0.8, where SH is a cross sectional height of the tire and SWh is a radial distance measured from the wheel rim line to a position where the tire width reaches the maximum value thereof.
4. The pneumatic tire of claim 1, wherein a ratio of CWhCH is preferably within the range of 0.55-0.9, where CH is a cross sectional full height of the carcass and CWh is a cross sectional partial height of the carcass up to a position where the tire width reaches the maximum value thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A quaternary ammonium compound of the formula
40
and any stereoisomers thereof, wherein
R1, R2 and R3 independently represent C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted with phenyl or hydroxyl, or both, and wherein any two of R1, R2 and R3 may form a ring together with the quaternary ammonium nitrogen;
R4 represents
H,
CH3, or
COR4-1,wherein R4-1 represents
(C1-C4 alkyl),
(C1-C4 alkoxy), or
NR4-2R4-3, wherein R4-2 and R4-3 independently represent H or (C1-C4 alkyl);
R5, R6 and R7 independently represent
H,
OCH3,
OH,
CONH2,
SO2NH2,
F, Cl, Br, I,
CF3, or
(C1-C4 alkyl), optionally substituted with one or two
OH,
(C1-C4 alkoxy),
COOH, or
COO(C1-C3 alkyl); and
X represents an anion of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid.
2. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 1, wherein the carbon stereocenter is (R).
3. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 1, wherein the carbon stereocenter is (S).
4. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 1, which is a mixture of stereoisomers.
5. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 1, wherein at least one of R1, R2 and R3 represents C1-C3 alkyl.
6. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 5, wherein at least one of R1, R2 and R3 represents isopropyl.
7. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 6, wherein at least two of R1, R2 and R3 represents isopropyl.
8. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 5, wherein at least one of R1, R2 and R3 represents methyl.
9. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 5, wherein at least one of R1, R2 and R3 represents ethyl.
10. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 jointly form a ring together with the quaternary ammonium nitrogen.
11. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 10, wherein said ring comprises from 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
12. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 represents H, CH3, or COR4-1, wherein R4-1 represents C1-C4 alkyl.
13. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 12, wherein R4 represents H.
14. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 represents H, Br, Cl, CH3, or CH2OH.
15. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 14, wherein R5 represents CH3.
16. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 1, wherein at least one of R6 and R7 represents H.
17. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 1, wherein both R6 and R7 represent H.
18. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 1, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of the anions of the following acids: tartaric, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulfuric, phosphoric, nitric, citric, methanesulfonic, CH3(CH2)n-COOH where n is 0 thru 4, HOOC(CH2)n-COOH where n is 1 thru 4, HOOCCHCHCOOH, and benzoic.
19. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 18, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of iodide, bromide, and chloride.
20. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 19, wherein X represents iodide.
21. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 19, wherein X represents chloride.
22. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 19, wherein X represents bromide.
23. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of
(3R)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
(3R)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium bromide,
(3R)-N-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
(3R)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-3-phenyl-N-propylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
(3R)-N-benzyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
(3R)-N-(tert-butyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium bromide,
(3R)-3-2-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
(3R)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium bromide,
(3S)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium bromide,
(3R)-3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium bromide,
(3R)-3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium bromide,
(3R)-3-2-(acetyloxy)-5-methylphenyl-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
(3R)-3-2-(isobutyryloxy)-5-methylphenyl-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
(3R)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methylpropan-1-aminium bromide,
(3R)-3-2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium bromide,
(3R)-3-2-(isobutyryloxy)-5-hydroxymethylphenyl-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium bromide,
(3R)-3-2-(acetyloxy)-5-(acetyloxy)methylphenyl-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium bromide,
2-(1R)-3-diisopropyl (methyl)ammonio-1-phenylpropyl-4-methylbenzenolate,
(3R)-N,N-diisopropyl-3-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
(3R)-3-2-(butyryloxy)-5-methylphenyl-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
(3R)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium chloride,
5-hydroxy-N-(3R)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl-N-isopropyl-N-methylpentan-1-aminium iodide,
(3R)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
3,3-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
(3R)-3-5-(aminocarbonyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
3,3-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
1-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium iodide,
1-ethyl-1-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenylpropylpyrrolidinium iodide,
1-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl-1-methylpiperidinium iodide, and
1-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl-1-methylazepanium iodide.
24. A quaternary ammonium compound according to claim 23, which is selected from the group consisting of
(3R)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium iodide,
(3R)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium bromide, and
(3R)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-aminium chloride.
25. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a quaternary ammonium compound according to any one of claims 1-24, and a suitable pharmaceutical carrier therefor.
26. A quaternary ammonium compound according to any one of claims 1-24 for use as a medicament.
27. Use of a quaternary ammonium compound according to any one of claims 1-24 for the manufacture of a medicament for treating asthma.
28. Use of a quaternary ammonium compound according to any one of claims 1-24 for the manufacture of a medicament for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
29. Use of a quaternary ammonium compound according to any one of claims 1-24 for the manufacture of a medicament for treating rhinorrhea due to the common cold.
30. Use of a quaternary ammonium compound according to any one of claims 1-24 for the manufacture of a medicament for treating allergic rhinitis.
31. A method of treating asthma in a mammal, including man, comprising administering to said mammal, in need of such a treatment, a therapeutically effective amount of a quaternary ammonium compound according to any one of claims 1-24.
32. A method of treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a mammal, including man, comprising administering to said mammal, in need of such a treatment, a therapeutically effective amount of a quaternary ammonium compound according to any one of claims 1-24.
33. A method of treating allergic rhinitis in a mammal, including man, comprising administering to said mammal, in need of such a treatment, a therapeutically effective amount of a quaternary ammonium compound according to any one of claims 1-24.
34. A method of treating rhinorrhea due to the common cold in a mammal, including man, comprising administering to said mammal, in need of such a treatment, a therapeutically effective amount of a quaternary ammonium compound according to any one of claims 1-24.