1. A formwork tie rod for use in a hardened concrete which said tie rod is formed by a threaded rod that includes threaded end portions and a middle threaded portion between said end portions, and which is provided, for removal from the hardened concrete, with a conical plastic sheath between the threaded end portions, said conical plastic sheath being connected form-fittingly to a thread of the threaded rod between the end portions, such that said threads form projections in said middle threaded portion and said plastic sheath is anchored to said middle threaded portion by penetration of said projections into said plastic sheath to prevent displacement of said plastic sheath in an axial direction extending along a length of said threaded rod, wherein the threaded rod is a hot-rolled threaded rod which has a yield point of at least 700 Nm2, and wherein the conicity of the plastic sheath is 0.5 to 2.5 mm per 100 mm of length of the plastic sheath.
2. The tie rod according to claim 1, wherein the plastic sheath is so applied by a shaping process that it extends between the projections formed by the thread.
3. The tie rod according to claim 2, wherein one of said end portions defines a rod end that is struck or pulled on for removal of the tie rod from the hardened concrete, and wherein said rod end is provided with a marking.
4. The tie rod according to claim 3, wherein the plastic sheath has an annular shoulder at an enlarged end which projects radially outwardly of an outer conical surface of said plastic sheath at said enlarged end and is formed out of said plastic sheath as a single unitary piece.
5. The tie rod according to claim 2, wherein the plastic sheath has an annular shoulder at an enlarged end which projects radially outwardly of an outer conical surface of said plastic sheath at said enlarged end and is formed out of said plastic sheath as a single unitary piece.
6. The tie rod according to claim 1, wherein one of said end portions defines a rod end that is struck or pulled on for removal of the tie rod from the hardened concrete, wherein said rod end is provided with a marking.
7. The tie rod according to claim 6, wherein the plastic sheath has an annular shoulder at an enlarged end which projects radially outwardly of an outer conical surface of said plastic sheath at said enlarged end and is formed out of said plastic sheath as a single unitary piece.
8. The tie rod according to claim 1, wherein the plastic sheath has an annular shoulder at an enlarged end which projects radially outwardly of an outer conical surface of said plastic sheath at said enlarged end and is formed out of said plastic sheath as a single unitary piece.
9. The tie rod according to claim 1, wherein said tie rod has plane-parallel faces along a length thereof, where said faces are located circumferentially spaced from each other and said threads are formed by thread segments which are separated circumferentially by said faces disposed circumferentially between said thread segments.
10. The tie rod according to claim 9, wherein said plastic sheath is anchored on said threaded rod by said thread segments and said faces.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for monitoring, modeling and managing a physical system, comprising the steps of:
providing a physical data model of the physical system;
obtaining real time data from the physical system;
updating the physical data model based on the real time data;
creating an analytic model of the physical system based on the updated physical data model; and
controlling operation of the physical system based on output from the analytic model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the physical system comprises a data center.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the model comprises one or more data types, elements, and properties associated with the physical system.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
building the data model of the physical system.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of building the data model is performed by a user.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
updating the data model to reflect changes in the physical system.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of updating the model is performed by a user.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the analytic model comprises a physics-based model or a statistical model.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the analytic model is based on a measurement based dynamic modeling architecture.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
displaying the analytic model results.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of controlling operation of the physical system further comprises the step of:
alerting a user of the output from the analytic model.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of controlling operation of the physical system further comprises the step of:
directly controlling operation of the physical system based on output from the analytic model.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of controlling operation of the physical system further comprises the step of:
recommending control actions based on output from the analytic model.
14. An article of manufacture for monitoring, modeling and managing a physical system, comprising a machine-readable medium containing one or more programs which when executed implement the steps of the method according to claim 1.
15. A platform for monitoring, modeling and managing a physical system, comprising:
a data model builder configured to build a data model of the physical system;
a real time data manager configured to obtain real time data from the physical system;
a physical model manager configured to update the model based on the real time data;
an analytic model manager configured to create an analytic model of the physical system based on the updated data model; and
a control manager configured to control operation of the physical system based on output from the analytic model.
16. The platform of claim 15, further comprising:
a post-processing manager configured to display the analytic model results.
17. An apparatus for modeling thermal zones in a space, the apparatus comprising:
a memory; and
at least one processor device, coupled to the memory, operative to:
provide a physical data model of the physical system;
obtain real time data from the physical system;
update the physical data model based on the real time data;
create an analytic model of the physical system based on the updated physical data model; and
control operation of the physical system based on output from the analytic model.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor device is further operative to:
alert a user of the output from the analytic model.
19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor device is further operative to:
directly control operation of the physical system based on output from the analytic model.
20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor device is further operative to:
recommend control actions based on output from the analytic model.