1. A passive optical network, comprising:
a broadband light source in a central office to provide broadband incoherent light;
a multiplexer connected to the central office via an optical fiber for filtering the light transmitted from the broadband light source according to wavelengths and multiplexing upstream signals to provide a first plurality of wavelengths;
at least one splitter coupled to the multiplexer for branching a wavelength of the first plurality of wavelengths and combining the upstream optical signals; and
a plurality of wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes connected to the at least one splitter to share the branched wavelength that is injected through the splitter to determine an oscillation wavelength of the plurality of wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes, the wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes capable of performing direct and analog modulation, and a control unit to directly modulate lights of the Fabry-Perot laser diodes and transmitting modulated lights to subscribers using time division multiplexing.
2. The passive optical network of claim 1, wherein the central office modulates the downstream broadband incoherent light to a synchronization signal, and provides the synchronization signal to the subscribers as a reference clock.
3. The passive optical network of claim 2, wherein distances from the at least one splitter to the subscribers are kept similar to minimize guard time to set up connection between the central office and the subscribers.
4. The passive optical network of claim 1, wherein the central office and the multiplexer are connected via a single optical fiber so that bi-directional transmission is enabled.
5. A passive optical network, comprising:
a broadband light source in a central office to provide broadband incoherent light;
a multiplexer connected to the central office via an optical fiber for dividing the light transmitted from the broadband light source according to wavelengths to provide a first plurality of lights and to multiplexing upstream signals;
at least one splitter coupled to the multiplexer for branching a wavelength of the first plurality of lights and combining the upstream optical signals; and
a plurality of wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes connected to the at least one splitter to share the branched wavelength that injected through the splitter to determine an oscillation wavelength of the plurality of wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes, the wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes capable of performing direct and analog modulation, and a control unit to directly modulate the Fabry-Perot laser diodes using subcarrier modulation and transmitting the modulated lights to subscribers.
6. The passive optical network of claim 5, wherein the subcarrier modulation is one of a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK) and Quadrature Amplifier Modulation (QAM).
7. The passive optical network of claim 5, wherein, when one or more of the subscribers do not transmit data, the light providing means lowers power of the light and thus reducing optical Beat Interference Noise (OBI), so that a number of subscribers are statically increased.
8. The passive optical network of claim 5, wherein the central office and the multiplexer are connected via a single optical fiber so that bi-directional transmission is enabled.
9. A method, comprising:
supplying broadband light;
filtering the broadband light transmitted according to wavelengths to provide a first plurality of wavelengths;
injecting, through the splitter, a filtered wavelength of the first plurality of wavelengths into a plurality of wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes, to provide output lights, so that the injected wavelength that is shared between the plurality of wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes through the splitter determines an oscillation wavelength of the plurality of wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes; and
modulating the output lights of the Fabry-Perot laser diodes.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising
multiplexing upstream signals; and
combining the upstream signals.
11. The method of claim 9, further comprising
transmitting the modulated output lights by time division multiplexing.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the output lights are modulated using subcarrier modulation.
13. The method of claim 9, further comprising
modulating the broadband light to provide a synchronization signal as a reference clock.
14. An apparatus, comprising:
a broadband light source to provide broadband light;
a multiplexer for filtering broadband light according to wavelengths to provide a first plurality of wavelengths;
a splitter coupled to the multiplexer to branch a wavelength of the first plurality of wavelengths; and
a plurality of wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes connected to the splitter to share the branched wavelength that is injected through the splitter to determine an oscillation wavelength of the plurality of wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the broadband light is modulated.
16. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising
a control unit to modulate lights of the Fabry-Perot laser diodes.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the modulated output lights are transmitted from the Fabry-Perot laser diodes by time division multiplexing.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the modulated output lights are transmitted from the Fabry-Perot laser diodes by subcarrier modulation.
19. A system, comprising:
means for supplying broadband light;
means for filtering the broadband light according to wavelengths to provide a first plurality of wavelengths;
means for injecting, through the splitter, a filtered wavelength of the first plurality of wavelengths into a plurality of wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes to provide output lights, so that the injected wavelength that is shared between the plurality of wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes through the splitter determines an oscillation wavelength of the output lights; and
means for modulating the output lights of the Fabry-Perot laser diodes.
20. The system of claim 19, further comprising
means for modulating the broadband light.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A sodium ion absorption andor inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibiting camphanylidene or phenyl alkyl inositol polyphosphate compound, or a stereoisomer, racemate, prodrug or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. A camphanylidene inositol polyphosphate compound selected from the group consisting of 2,3-camphanylidene-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, 1,2-camphanylidene-myo-inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, and the stereoisomers, racemates, prodrugs, esters and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
3. A compound of claim 2, which is an ester selected from the group consisting of acetoxymethylesters (AM-esters), propionoxymethylesters (PM-esters) or pivaloyloxymethyl esters.
4. A compound of claim 3 selected from the group consisting of 2,3-camphanylidene-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate octakis (propionoxymethyl) ester, and 1,2-camphanylidene-myo-inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate octakis (propionoxymethyl) ester, and the stereoisomers, racemates, prodrugs, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
5. A method for inhibiting sodium ion absorption by epithelial cells, comprising treating the cells with an effective amount of a sodium uptake inhibiting camphanylidene andor phenyl alkyl inositol polyphosphate compound.
6. A method for inhibiting sodium ion absorption by epithelial cells in a human or animal patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a sodium uptake inhibiting camphanylidene andor phenyl alkyl inositol polyphosphate compound.
7. A method of claim 6, wherein the sodium uptake inhibiting camphanylidene andor phenyl alkyl inositol polyphosphate compound is a sodium uptake inhibiting inositol polyphosphate compound.
8. A method of claim 6, wherein the camphanylidene inositol polyphosphate compound is selected from the group consisting of 2,3-camphanylidene-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, 1,2-camphanylidene-myo-inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate, and the stereoisomers, racemates, prodrugs, esters and a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
9. A method of claim 8, which is an ester selected from the group consisting of acetoxymethylesters (AM-esters), propionoxymethylesters (PM-esters) or pivaloyloxymethyl esters.
10. A method of claim 9 selected from the group consisting of 2,3-camphanylidene-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate octakis (propionoxymethyl) ester, and 1,2-camphanylidene-myo-inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate octakis (propionoxymethyl) ester, and the stereoisomers, racemates, prodrugs, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.