1. A hydrogen storage tank having a cartridge which is filled with a hydrogen occluding substance and contained within a liner made of a metal, wherein
the cartridge comprises: a cartridge main body portion in cylindrical form which is filled with the hydrogen occluding substance; a fixed side axial portion which is provided on one end side along the axial line of the cartridge main body portion; and a free side axial portion which is provided on the other end side along the axial line of the cartridge main body portion,
the liner is integrally molded seamlessly of a liner torso portion having a space for containing the cartridge main body portion, a fixed side end portion which is provided on one end side of the liner torso portion so as to protrude via a portion in dome form and where a fixed side opening for supporting the fixed side axial portion of the cartridge is created, and a free side end portion which is provided on the other end side of the liner torso portion so as to protrude via a portion in dome form and where a free side opening for supporting the outer periphery of a support plug for supporting the free side axial portion of the cartridge is created,
the fixed side opening of the liner fixes and supports the fixed side axial portion of the cartridge and is sealed by a sealing plug,
the free side opening of the liner is sealed with the support plug,
the free side axial portion of the cartridge is inserted into and supported by a recess created in the support plug so as to be moveable forward and backward in the direction of the axial line,
a support plug flow path for connecting the recess to the outside is created in the support plug, and
a cartridge flow path which penetrates through the free side axial portion so as to be connected to the cartridge main body portion is created in the cartridge.
2. The hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the liner is formed of an aluminum alloy and a fiber reinforced resin layer is formed on the outside of that liner.
3. A manufacturing method for a hydrogen storage tank having a structure where a cartridge is filled with a hydrogen occluding substance and contained within an integrally molded metal liner which is seamless, comprising:
(a) the main part forming step of preparing a cartridge which is made up of a cartridge main body portion in cylindrical form, a fixed side axial portion which is formed on one end side along the axial line of the cartridge main body portion and a free side axial portion which is formed on the other end side along the axial line of the cartridge main body portion, and
a one side processed liner where a free side end portion having a free side opening is integrally molded on one end side of the liner torso portion, which can be contained by the cartridge main portion, via a portion in dome form;
(b) the spinning step of molding the one side processed liner to a two side processed liner by inserting a temporary support plug which is supported by a free side opening into the free side opening so that the free side axial portion of the cartridge is supported by the temporary support plug and the fixed side axial portion of the cartridge is supported, and thus, the cartridge is supported at both ends, and furthermore, supporting the outer peripheral surface of the liner torso portion of the one side processed liner, and then, carrying out drawing on the liner torso portion on the side opposite to the side where the free side end portion of the one side processed liner is formed, and thereby, forming a portion in dome form, and at the same time, forming a fixed side end portion where a fixed side opening is created in order to support the fixed side axial portion of the cartridge so that the fixed side end portion protrudes from the portion in dome form;
(c) the heat treatment step of carrying out heat treatment on the two side processed liner in which the cartridge is contained;
(d) the sealing step of sealing the free side end portion while supporting the free side axial portion with a support plug having a recess into which the free side axial portion of the cartridge is inserted so as to be removable in the direction of the axial line, and sealing the fixed side end portion; and
(e) the filling step of filling the cartridge with a hydrogen occluding substance by putting the hydrogen occluding substance into the cartridge via through holes created in the support plug and the free side axial portion.
4. The manufacturing method for a hydrogen occluding tank according to claim 3, wherein the cartridge is supported in the spinning step (b) in such a manner that the temporary support plug is inserted into the free side end portion from the outside of the free side opening, and the free side axial portion of the cartridge is supported by the recess created in the temporary support plug, and furthermore, the fixed side axial portion of the cartridge is pressed by a temporary support rod in the direction of the axial line, and thus, the cartridge is supported at both ends.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite comprising pyrolyzed montmorillonite, wherein said chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite is stable below about 265\xb0 C.
2. A method of making a chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite according to claim 1, said method comprising:
heating montmorillonite to a firing temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the montmorillonite to chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite,
wherein the chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite is stable below about 265\xb0C.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said heating is at a temperature of about 900\xb0 C.
4. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
introducing the montmorillonite into a sol-gel composition or mixed dispersion before said heating.
5. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
introducing the montmorillonite into a sol-gel composition or mixed dispersion before said heating.
6. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
combining montmorillonite with glass precursor material,
wherein said heating further comprises beating the combination of montmorillonite and glass precursor materials to a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the combination of montmorillonite and glass precursor material to a chemically stabilized \u03b2 cristobalite glass.
7. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
combining montmorillonite with glass precursor material,
wherein said heating further comprises heating the combination of montmorillonite and glass precursor materials to a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the combination of montmorillonite and glass precursor material to a chemically stabilized \u03b2 cristobalite glass.
8. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
combining montmorillonite with glass precursor material,
wherein said heating further comprises heating the combination of montmorillonite and glass precursor materials to a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the combination of montmorillonite and glass precursor material to a chemically stabilized \u03b2 cristobalite glass.
9. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
combining montmorillonite with glass precursor material,
wherein said heating further comprises heating the combination of montmorillonite and glass precursor materials to a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the combination of montmorillonite and glass precursor material to a stabilized \u03b2 cristobalite glass.
10. The method according to claim 2, wherein the montmorillonite includes a calcium montmorillonite.
11. The method according to claim 3, wherein the montmorillonite includes a calcium montmorillonite.
12. The method according to claim 4, wherein the montmorillonite includes a calcium montmorillonite.
13. The method according to claim 6, wherein the montmorillonite includes a calcium montmorillonite.
14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the calcium montmorillonite has been ion-exchanged with other cations, and said heating further comprises heating the ion-exchanged montmorillonite to a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the ion-exchanged montmorillonite to a chemically stabilized \u03b2 cristobalite having a composition that is different than a chemically stabilized \u03b2 cristobalite formed from calcium montmorillonite that has not be ion-exchanged with other cations.
15. The method according to claim 2, wherein the montmorillonite has been ion-exchanged, and said heating further comprises heating the ion-exchanged montmorillonite to a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the ion-exchanged montmorillonite to a chemically stabilized \u03b2 cristobalite having a composition that is different than a chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite formed from montmorillonite that has not be ion-exchanged.
16. The method according to claim 2, wherein the chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite is stable at room temperature.
17. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
combining the montmorillonite with a glass precursor material, before said heating,
wherein the chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite is a chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite glass.
18. The chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite according to claim 1, wherein said chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite has a lattice structure and comprises a sufficient level of non-silicone cations substituted and stuffed into said lattice structure such that said chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite is stable at room temperature.
19. The chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite according to claim 1, wherein said chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite acts as a basic oxide.
20. The chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite according to claim 1, wherein said chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite is a chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite glass comprising said pyrolyzed montmorillonite in combination with a pyrolyzed glass precursor material.
21. A ceramic body comprising the chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite according to claim 1.
22. The ceramic body according to claim 21, wherein said ceramic body is a ceramic fiber-based paper comprising:
ceramic fibers; and
agglomerates of ceramic particles bonded to and disposed so as to thereby bond together said ceramic fibers, said agglomerates of ceramic particles comprising said chemically stabilized \u03b2-cristobalite.
23. A rigidified ceramic fiber-based paper substrate suitable for use in an exhaust system of a combustion device, said paper substrate comprising:
a ceramic fiber-based paper according to claim 22, wherein said ceramic fibers comprise refractory ceramic fibers.
24. The rigidified ceramic fiber-based paper substrate as set forth in claim 23, wherein said montmorillonite clay is a calcium montmorillonite clay.
25. The rigidified paper substrate as set forth in claim 23, wherein lenticular or plate-like pores are present inside said paper, with said pores being aligned close to parallel with the plane of said paper.
26. The rigidified paper substrate as set forth in claim 25, wherein said pores have long axes in the range of from about 50 to about 300 micrometers in length and in the range of from about 10 to about 50 micrometers in height.
27. The rigidified paper substrate as set forth in claim 23, wherein said substrate is at least one of a wall-flow substrate and a flow-through substrate.
28. The rigidified paper substrate as set forth in claim 23 in combination with a mounting material and a housing, wherein said substrate is at least one of a wall-flow substrate and a flow-through substrate, said substrate is disposed in said housing, and said mounting material is positioned between said substrate and said housing so as to form a substrate assembly.
29. The substrate assembly as set forth in claim 28 in combination with a combustion device having an exhaust system, wherein said substrate assembly is disposed in said exhaust system.
30. The rigidified paper substrate as set forth in claim 23, wherein said substrate is at least one of a filter element and a catalyst support suitable for use in an internal combustion engine exhaust system.
31. The rigidified paper substrate as set forth in claim 23, wherein greater than about 60% of said refractory ceramic fibers in said paper are aligned within about 35\xb0 of being parallel with the plane of said paper.
32. The rigidified paper substrate as set forth in claim 23, further comprising a durable ceramic coating disposed so as to harden an exterior surface of said substrate against exposure to exhaust gases passing through said substrate that contact said exterior surface, when said substrate is used in an exhaust system of a combustion device.
33. The rigidified paper substrate as set forth in claim 23, further comprising a durable ceramic coating disposed so as to increase the crush strength of an exterior surface of said substrate, wherein said exterior surface is exposed to mounting pressures, when said substrate is mounted in an exhaust system of a combustion device.
34. The rigidified paper substrate as set forth in claim 23, wherein said substrate is at least an exhaust gas filter, and said substrate is able to filter out greater than about 97% of exhaust particulate having a diameter of less than 150 nms.
35. The rigidified paper substrate as set forth in claim 23, wherein said refractory ceramic fibers have exposed surfaces between said agglomerates of ceramic particles.