1. A liquid crystal display device which includes a first substrate, a second substrate placed opposite to the first substrate and a liquid crystal layer inserted therebetween comprising:
a plurality of first wirings in a lower layer side and a plurality of second wirings in an upper layer side extending in a direction perpendicular to each other on said first substrate;
a switching element arranged in a vicinity of an intersection between the first and second wirings; and
a pixel electrode formed in each pixel region surrounded by the first and second wirings,
wherein a first wiring of the plurality of first wirings is formed of a metal layer containing copper embedded in a groove formed at the first substrate and a barrier metal film covering at least a part of surroundings of the metal layer.
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, the first substrate further comprising:
a light-shielding film in a region including a part of an area between a second wiring of the plurality of second wirings and the pixel electrode,
wherein the light-shielding film is formed in the same layer as the first wiring and has the same groove wiring structure as that of the first wiring.
3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
wherein the barrier metal film comprises a first barrier metal film arranged on a bottom and a side wall of the groove and of a second barrier metal film arranged on a top of the groove.
4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
wherein the switching element comprises a thin film transistor.
5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
wherein the insulating substrate is one substrate selected from a glass substrate and a plastic substrate.
6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3,
wherein the first and second barrier metal films contain at least one material selected from chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and titanium (Ti).
7. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device comprising:
forming a first wiring in a lower layer side on a first substrate;
forming a second wiring in an upper layer side extending in a direction perpendicular to said first wiring;
forming a switching element in a vicinity of an intersection between the first and second wirings;
forming a pixel electrode in each pixel region surrounded by the first and second wirings;
placing a second substrate opposite to the first substrate;
inserting a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates;
forming a groove in a region forming the first wiring at a first substrate;
forming a first barrier metal film on a bottom and a side wall of the groove;
forming a metal layer containing copper layer in a region surrounded by the first barrier metal film; and
forming a second barrier metal film on a top of the groove.
8. The method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device according to claim 7,
wherein the first barrier metal film and the metal layer are formed successively.
9. The method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device according to claim 7, further comprising:
forming a groove in a region between an area forming the second wiring and an area forming the pixel electrode,
forming a light-shielding film in the groove.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Method of charging a battery (107) for a device (100, 200) comprising a rendering circuit (103) for rendering multimedia data objects, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a list of at least one reference to at least one multimedia data object scheduled for rendering by the rendering circuit;
b) determining the amount of energy needed for rendering the multimedia data object referenced in the list;
c) determining the amount of energy that can be provided by the battery; and
d) when the amount of energy that can be provided by the battery is less than the amount of energy needed for rendering the multimedia data object referenced in the list:
(i) charge the battery; and
(ii) provide an indication (120) when the amount of energy in the battery is equal or more than the amount energy needed for rendering the multimedia data object referenced in the list.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein step d) comprises the substep of indicating the additional amount of energy with which the battery needs to be charged to be able to power the apparatus to render all multimedia data objects referenced in the list.
3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the additional amount of energy is translated to a time period during which the battery needs to be charged to provide enough energy for rendering all multimedia data objects referenced in the list.
4. Method according to claim 1, wherein the process of charging the battery is terminated when the amount of energy in the battery is equal to a pre-determined amount.
5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the pre-determined amount is equal to the amount of energy needed for rendering the multimedia data object referenced in the list.
6. Method according to claim 4, wherein the pre-determined amount is equal to the amount of energy needed for rendering the multimedia data object referenced in the list plus a further pre-determined amount proportional to the pre-determined amount.
7. Circuit (101) for charging a battery (107) for a device (100, 200) comprising a rendering circuit (103) for rendering multimedia data objects, the circuit comprising a central processing unit (101) conceived to:
a) process a list of at least one reference to at least one multimedia data object scheduled for rendering by the rendering circuit and determining the amount of energy needed for rendering items referenced in the list;
b) determining the amount of energy that can be provided by the battery; and
c) when the amount of energy that can be provided by the battery is less than the amount of energy needed for rendering the multimedia data object referenced in the list,
(i) charge the battery; and
(ii) provide an indication by means of sending a signal to an indicator (109) when the amount of energy in the battery is equal or more than the amount energy needed for rendering the multimedia data object referenced in the list.
8. Apparatus for rendering multimedia data objects, comprising an indicator (109), a rendering circuit (103), means (102, 202) for providing a multimedia object to the rendering unit and the circuit according to claim 7.