1. A liquid electrophotographic ink, comprising:
a non-polar carrier liquid;
pigmented toner particles;
a charge director; and
polymer resin encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles.
2. The liquid electrophotographic ink as defined in claim 1 wherein each of the polymer resin encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles includes:
a metal oxide nanoparticle core; and
a polymer resin coating formed on the metal oxide nanoparticle core.
3. The liquid electrophotographic ink as defined in claim 2 wherein the metal oxide nanoparticle core is chosen from zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and mixtures thereof.
4. The liquid electrophotographic ink as defined in claim 2 wherein the polymer resin coating is formed of a thermoplastic polymer.
5. The liquid electrophotographic ink as defined in claim 4 wherein the thermoplastic polymer includes COOH surface groups that react with hydroxyl groups of the metal oxide nanoparticle core.
6. The liquid electrophotographic ink as defined in claim 2 wherein each of the polymer encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles has an average particle size ranging from about 10 nm to about 200 nm.
7. The liquid electrophotographic ink as defined in claim 1 wherein electrical properties of the liquid electrophotographic ink are unaffected by the polymer resin encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles.
8. The liquid electrophotographic ink as defined in claim 1 wherein the pigmented toner particles include a pigment and a polymer resin associated with the pigment.
9. A method for making a liquid electrophotographic ink, comprising:
mixing a polymer resin with a non-polar carrier liquid to form a mixture;
grinding the mixture with a pigment to form pigmented toner particles in the non-polar carrier liquid;
after the pigmented toner particles are formed, adding a charge director to the non-polar carrier liquid to impart a charge on the pigmented toner particles;
adding metal oxide nanoparticle cores i) during the mixing step, or ii) during the grinding step, or iii) after the pigmented toner particles are formed; and
processing the metal oxide nanoparticle cores and the polymer resin to form polymer resin encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles.
10. The method as defined in claim 9, further comprising choosing the metal oxide nanoparticle cores from zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, zirconium oxide, and mixtures thereof.
11. The method as defined in claim 9, further comprising incorporating the metal oxide nanoparticle cores in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % with respect to a total weight of the liquid electrophotographic ink.
12. An ink set, comprising:
at least two inks, each of which includes:
a non-polar carrier liquid;
pigmented toner particles;
a charge director; and
polymer resin encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles.
13. The ink set as defined in claim 12 wherein each of the polymer resin encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles includes:
a metal oxide nanoparticle core chosen from zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, zirconium oxide, and mixtures thereof; and
a thermoplastic polymer resin coating formed on the metal oxide nanoparticle core.
14. The ink set as defined in claim 13 wherein the metal oxide nanoparticle core has a hardness greater than a hardness of the thermoplastic polymer resin coating.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
We claim:
1. A patient individualized controlled detoxification treatment method for use by a patient dependent upon an addictive drug comprising:
establishing a primary medical response including stabilizing the patient’s life functions, obtaining the patient’s medical history, and normalizing brain receptor chemistry of the patient to a pre-addictive state over a period of time from about 1 to less than 365 days, by administering to the patient an individually-titrated minimal effective dose of the addictive drug, the addictive drug’s agonist or the addictive drug’s antagonist, via a first drug delivery system that establishes a steady state concentration of said addictive drug, the addictive drug’s agonist or the addictive drug’s antagonist, respectively, which eliminates the patient’s addictive drug’s withdrawal symptoms, and then
reducing said titrated minimal effective dose of said addictive drug, the addictive drug’s agonist or the addictive drug’s antagonist, respectively, administered to the patient in a stepwise decreasing fashion over said time period for effecting a decreasing pharmacological concentration to a placebo level of the addictive drug.
2. The individualized controlled detoxification treatment method of claim 1 further comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of the addictive drug, the addictive drug’s agonist, or the addictive drug’s antagonist, respectively, via a second drug delivery system to control the patient’s periodic addictive drug cravings.
3. The individualized controlled detoxification treatment method of claim 1 including wherein said first drug delivery system is at least one of the systems selected from the group consisting of a transdermal delivery system, an intranasal delivery system, a sublingual delivery system, an oral delivery system, an inhalation delivery system to the respiratory tract, an intravenous injection delivery system to the blood stream, a subcutaneous injection delivery system, and an intramuscular delivery system.
4. The individualized controlled detoxification treatment method of claim 2 including wherein said second drug delivery system is at least one of the systems selected from the group consisting of an intranasal delivery system, a sublingual delivery system, an intravenous injection delivery system to the blood stream, a subcutaneous injection delivery system, and an intramuscular delivery system.
5. The individualized controlled detoxification treatment method of claim 1 further comprising establishing for the patient at least one or a combination of secondary responses selected from the group consisting of individualized psychotherapeutic counseling, behaviorstress modification training, ancillary legal and vocational support services, family support systems, workplace support systems, societal support systems, and long-term booster counseling and medicaldrug follow-up testing.
6. The individualized controlled detoxification treatment method of claim 1, including wherein said addictive drug is at least one selected from the group consisting of opiods, opiod derivatives, stimulants, depressants, cannabinoids, dissociative anesthetics and hallucinogens.
7. The individualized controlled detoxification treatment method of claim 1 including wherein said addictive drug’s agonist is at least one selected from the group consisting of methadone and levomethadyl acetate.
8. The individualized controlled detoxification treatment method of claim 1 including wherein said addictive drug’s antagonist is at least one selected from the group consisting of naloxone and naltrexone.
9. A transdermal drug delivery system for promoting detoxification of a mammal dependent upon an addictive drug comprising:
a transdermal pharmaceutical vehicle, and
a pharmaceutically active effective amount of an addictive drug, the addictive drug’s agonist, or the addictive drug’s antagonist contained within said pharmaceutical vehicle and capable of being released from said transdermal pharmaceutical vehicle over time to prevent drug withdrawal symptoms from occurring in the mammal.
10. The transdermal drug delivery system of claim 9 further comprising an effective amount of at least one of the group consisting of a surfactant, an antioxidant, and a preservative, and combinations thereof.
11. The transdermal drug delivery system of claim 10 wherein said surfactant is a salt of a long chain hydrocarbon with a functional group selected from the group consisting of carboxylates, sulfonates and mixtures thereof, a salt of a long chain hydrocarbon with a sulfate functional group.
12. The transdermal drug delivery system of claim 11 wherein said surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.
13. The transdermal drug delivery system of claim 9 capable of maintaining in the mammal a constant blood plasma concentration of said addictive drug, said addictive drug’s agonist, or said addictive drug’s antagonist after administering the transdermal drug delivery system to the skin.
14. The transdermal drug delivery system of claim 9 wherein the amount of addictive drug, addictive drug agonist or addictive drug antagonist is from about 1.0 to 500.0 milligrams.
15. The transdermal drug delivery system of claim 10 having from about 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of said surfactant.
16. A method of detoxifying a mammal that is dependent upon an addictive drug comprising:
administering to the skin of the mammal a dosage unit comprising a transdermal pharmaceutical vehicle and a pharmaceutically active effective amount of an addictive drug, the addictive drug’s agonist, or the addictive drug’s antagonist contained within said transdermal pharmaceutical vehicle and capable of being released from said transdermal pharmaceutical vehicle over time, to prevent drug withdrawal symptoms from occurring in the mammal.
17. An intranasal drug delivery system for promoting detoxification of a mammal dependent upon an addictive drug comprising:
a pharmaceutical vehicle capable of being administered to the nasal mucosa, and
a pharmaceutically active effective amount of an addictive drug, the addictive drug’s agonist, or the addictive drug’s antagonist incorporated with said pharmaceutical vehicle.
18. The intranasal drug delivery system of claim 17, wherein said system has a pH of about 7.0.
19. The intranasal drug delivery system of claim 17 further comprising an effective amount of at least one of the group consisting of a surfactant, an antioxidant, and a preservative, and combinations thereof.
20. The intranasal drug delivery system of claim 19 wherein said surfactant is a salt of a long chain hydrocarbon with a functional group selected from the group consisting of carboxylates, sulfonates and mixtures thereof or a salt of a long chain hydrocarbon with a sulfate functional group.
21. The intranasal drug delivery system of claim 20 wherein said surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.
22. The intranasal drug delivery system of claim 17 capable of maintaining in the mammal a pharmaceutically-active blood plasma concentration of said addictive drug, said addictive drug’s agonist, or said addictive drug’s antagonist after administering the intranasal drug delivery system to the nasal mucosa of the mammal.
23. The intranasal drug delivery system of claim 17 wherein the amount of addictive drug, addictive drug agonist, or addictive drug antagonist is from about 1.0 to 500.0 milligrams.
24. The intranasal drug delivery system of claim 17 having from about 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of said surfactant.
25. A method of detoxifying a mammal that is dependent upon an addictive drug comprising: administering to the nasal mucosa of the mammal a dosage unit comprising a pharmaceutical vehicle capable of being administered to the nasal mucosa and a pharmaceutically active effective amount of an addictive drug, the addictive drug’s agonist or the addictive drug’s antagonist incorporated with said pharmaceutical vehicle to prevent drug withdrawal symptoms from occurring in the mammal.
26. The intranasal drug delivery system of claim 17 wherein said pharmaceutical vehicle is selected from the group consisting of an aqueous buffered solution, a gel, and a powder.
27. The intranasal drug delivery system of claim 19 wherein said surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
28. A sublingual drug delivery system for promoting detoxification of a mammal dependent upon an addictive drug comprising:
a pharmaceutical vehicle capable of being administered to effect dissolution upon the mammal’s sublingual mucosa, and
a pharmaceutically active effective amount of an addictive drug, the addictive drug’s agonist, the addictive drug’s antagonist incorporated with said pharmaceutical vehicle.
29. The sublingual drug delivery system of claim 28 wherein said system has a pH of about 7.0.
30. The sublingual drug delivery system of claim 28 further comprising an effective amount of at least one of the group consisting of a surfactant, an antioxidant, and a preservative, and combinations thereof.
31. The sublingual drug delivery system of claim 30 wherein said surfactant is a salt of a long chain hydrocarbon with a functional group selected from the group consisting of carboxylates, sulfonates and mixtures thereof, or a salt of a long chain hydrocarbon with sulfate functional group.
32. The sublingual drug delivery system of claim 31 wherein said surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.
33. The sublingual drug delivery system of claim 28 capable of maintaining in the mammal a pharmaceutically-active blood plasma concentration of said addictive drug, said addictive drug’s agonist, or said addictive drug’s antagonist after administering the sublingual drug delivery system to the mammal’s sublingual mucosa.
34. The sublingual drug delivery system of claim 28 wherein the amount of addictive drug, addictive drug agonist, or addictive drug antagonist is from about 1.0 to 500.0 milligrams.
35. The sublingual drug delivery system of claim 28 having from about 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of said surfactant.
36. A method of detoxifying a mammal that is dependent upon an addictive drug comprising:
administering under the tongue of the mammal a dosage unit comprising a pharmaceutical vehicle capable of being administered to effect dissolution upon the mammal’s sublingual mucosa and a pharmaceutically active effective amount of an addictive drug, the addictive drug’s agonist, or the addictive drug’s antagonist incorporated with said pharmaceutical vehicle to prevent drug withdrawal symptoms from occurring in the mammal.
37. The sublingual drug delivery system of claim 28 wherein said pharmaceutical vehicle is an aqueous buffered formulation that begins dissolution upon the mammal’s sublingual mucosa in about 0.01 to 600.0 seconds of time.
38. The sublingual drug delivery system of claim 30, wherein said surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
39. A method for developing a treatment plan for a new patient for purposes of administering various phases of treatment to the new patient comprising the steps of:
collecting information from other patients as treatment is administered;
storing said collected information in a database;
developing trends from other patients’ treatments, based upon said collected information; and
analyzing said trends and applying them to said new patient for purposes of establishing a treatment protocol relative to said new patient.
40. The method of claim 39 including wherein said collected information includes information regarding both treatment and medical outcome.
41. The method of claim 39 including predicting the medical outcome of said new patient.
42. The method of claim 40 including wherein said collected information is dependent upon the current phase of treatment for said patient.
43. The method of claim 39 further comprising the step of recognizing, based upon said trends, when a patient has progressed to a new phase and when said treatment for said patient should be modified.