1. A machining apparatus for conducting at least one of a cutting process and a grinding process, comprising:
a stationary base; and
a working device mounted on the stationary base and having a degree of freedom of more than two axes to conduct at least one of a cutting process and a grinding process, the working device comprising a first working bench which is formed of a ceramic material and is movable linearly with a degree of freedom of not less than one axes or more while holding a work piece or a tool.
2. The machining apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ceramic material has a coefficient of linear expansion of not more than 5\xd710\u22126 K\u22121.
3. The machining apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ceramic material contains silicon nitride of not less than 50% by weight as converted into Si3N4 and has a specific weight of not more than 4 gcm3.
4. The machining apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ceramic material has a Young’s modulus of not less than 200 GPa.
5. The machining apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first working bench is driven along a static-pressure guide by an axis driving device with a frequency of not less than 50 Hz with a servo gain of \u22123 dB.
6. The machining apparatus of claim 5, wherein the axis driving device is a linear motor.
7. The machining apparatus of claim 1, wherein the working device further comprises a measurement device having a resolution of not more than 10 nm for measuring the position of the first working bench.
8. The machining apparatus of claim 1, wherein a machining speed for a work piece or a tool held by the first working bench is not less than 600 mmmin.
9. The machining apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first working bench is driven at the highest speed in the machining apparatus.
10. A machining apparatus for conducting at least one of a cutting process and a grinding process, comprising:
a stationary base; and
a working device mounted on the stationary base and having a degree of freedom of more than two axes to conduct at least one of a cutting process and a grinding process, the working device comprising a second working bench which is formed of a ceramic material and is rotatable with a degree of freedom of not less than one axes while holding a work piece or a tool.
11. The machining apparatus of claim 10, wherein the ceramic material has a coefficient of linear expansion of not more than 5\xd710\u22126 K\u22121.
12. The machining apparatus of claim 10, wherein the ceramic material contains silicon nitride of not less than 50% by weight as converted into Si3N4 and has a specific weight of not more than 4 gcm3.
13. The machining apparatus of claim 10, wherein the ceramic material has a Young’s modulus of not less than 200 GPa.
14. The machining apparatus of claim 10, wherein the second working bench is driven along a static-pressure guide by an axis driving device with a frequency of not less than 50 Hz with a servo gain of \u22123 dB.
15. The machining apparatus of claim 14, wherein the axis driving device is an AC servomotor.
16. The machining apparatus of claim 10, wherein the working device further comprises a measuring device having a resolution of not more than a 1 angular second for measuring the angle of the second working bench.
17. The machining apparatus of claim 10, wherein a rotational machining speed for a work piece or a tool held by the second working bench is not less than 1\xb0sec.
18. The machining apparatus of claim 17, wherein the second working bench is driven at the highest speed in the machining apparatus.
19. The machining apparatus of claim 10, wherein the working device further comprises a support table for supporting the second working bench and the support table is formed of at least one of a ceramic material satisfying at least one of conditions of having a coefficient of linear expansion of not more than 5\xd710\u22126 K\u22121, containing silicon nitride of not less than 50% by weight as converted into Si3N4 and having a specific weight of not more than 4 gcm3, and having a Young’s modulus of not less than 200 GPa, and an alloy containing nickel from 10% by weight to 50% by weight.
20. The machining apparatus of claim 5, wherein at least one of the static-pressure guide and a base for fixing it is formed of a ceramic material satisfying at least one of the conditions of having a coefficient of linear expansion of not more than 5\xd710\u22126 K\u22121, containing silicon nitride of not less than 50% by weight as converted into Si3N4 and having a specific weight of not more than 4 gcm3, and having a Young’s modulus of not less than 200 GPa.
21. The machining apparatus of claim 14, wherein at least one of the static-pressure guide and a base for fixing it is formed of a ceramic material satisfying at least one of the conditions of having a coefficient of linear expansion of not more than 5\xd710\u22126 K\u22121, containing silicon nitride of not less than 50% by weight as converted into Si3N4 and having a specific weight of not more than 4 gcm3, and having a Young’s modulus of not less than 200 GPa.
22. The machining apparatus of claim 5, wherein a pressure transmission medium of the static-pressure guide is a liquid having a viscosity of not more than 10 pois.
23. The machining apparatus of claim 14, wherein a pressure transmission medium of the static-pressure guide is a liquid having a viscosity of not more than 10 pois.
24. The machining apparatus of claim 1, wherein the working device further comprises an active control device for suppressing the transmission of a vibration from the floor on which the machining apparatus is installed to the machining apparatus.
25. The machining apparatus of claim 10, wherein the working device further comprises an active control device for suppressing the transmission of a vibration from a floor on which the machining apparatus is installed to the machining apparatus.
26. A machining apparatus for conducting at least one of a cutting process and a grinding process, comprising:
a stationary base; and
a working device mounted on the stationary base and having a degree of freedom of more than two axes to conduct at least one of a cutting process and a grinding process, the working device comprising a first working bench which is made of a material having a specific weight of not more than 4 gcm3 and is moved along a first static-pressure guide by a driving device with a frequency of not less than 50 Hz with a servo-gain of \u22123 dB and a measuring device with a resolution of not more than 10 nm for measuring the position of the first working bench.
27. The machining apparatus of claim 26, wherein the working device further comprises a second working bench made of a material having a specific weight of not more than 4 gcm3 swiveling along a second static-pressure guide and a measuring device having a resolution of not more than 1 angular second for measuring the angle of the second working bench.
28. The machining apparatus of claim 26, wherein a machining speed is not less than 600 mmmin.
29. The machining apparatus of claim 27, wherein at least one of the first working bench, the second working bench, the first static-pressure guide, the second static-pressure guide, and a base for fixing them is formed of a material having a coefficient of linear expansion of not more than 5\xd710\u22126 K\u22121.
30. The machining apparatus of claim 27, wherein at least one of the first working bench, the second working bench, the first static-pressure guide, the second static-pressure guide, and a base for fixing them is formed of a material having a Young’s modulus of not less than 200 Gpa.
31. The machining apparatus of claim 26, wherein a pressure transmission medium of the first static-pressure guide is a liquid having a viscosity of not more than 10 pois.
32. The machining apparatus of claim 26, the working device further comprises an active suppressing device for vibration from a floor on which the machining apparatus is installed to the machining apparatus.
33. The machining apparatus of claim 27, wherein at least one of the first working bench, the second working bench, the first static-pressure guide, the second static-pressure guide and a base for fixing them is formed of a material containing a silicon nitride component of not less than 50% by weight as converted into Si3N4.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for automatic window representation adjustment, said method comprising the steps of:
detecting a separate level of current activity performed by at least one component of a computer system in association with each of a plurality of window elements within a graphical interface;
automatically performing at least one of minimizing at least one of said plurality of window elements and maximizing at least one of said plurality of window elements as triggered by an adjustment to at least one said separate level of current activity in relation to a threshold level for said current activity, such that a representation of each of said plurality of window elements is graphically represented, wherein minimizing said window element when said separate level of current activity adjusts less than a threshold level comprises reducing said window element from a graphical window to a graphical icon representing said graphical window, wherein maximizing said window element when said separate level of current activity adjusts greater than a threshold level comprises increasing said window element from a minimized graphical icon representing said window element to a full graphical window;
automatically adjusting a position of each of said plurality of window elements within a z-order of a plurality of windows displayed within said graphical interface to reflect said graphical representation of each of said plurality of window elements ordered according to each said separate level of current activity; and
displaying within a separate window element within said graphical interface a graphical representation of each of said plurality of window elements ordered according to each said separate level of current activity.
2. The method for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 1, said step of automatically performing further comprising the step of:
automatically adjusting a size of said at least one of said plurality of window elements when performing one of minimizing at least one of said plurality of window elements and maximizing at least one of said plurality of window elements to a preselected size specified by a user in a selection of preferences designated in association with performing one of minimizing at least one of said plurality of window elements and maximizing at least one of said plurality of window elements as triggered by an adjustment to at least one said separate level of current activity in relation to said threshold level for said current activity.
3. The method for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 1, said step of detecting a separate level of current activity further comprising the step of:
detecting a separate level of current use of each of said plurality of window elements through user interactions with each of said plurality of window elements.
4. The method for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 1, said step of detecting a separate level of current activity further comprising the step of:
detecting a transparency of each separate representation of each of said plurality of window elements.
5. The method for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 1, said method further comprising:
detecting each said separate level of current activity in association with each of said plurality of windows elements displayed within said graphical interface; and
adjusting a separate alpha level associated with each of said plurality of window elements to order said plurality of window elements to reflect each said separate level of said current activity.
6. The method for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 5, said method further comprising the step of:
adjusting a separate alpha level of a selection of said plurality of window elements that are minimized representations of a plurality of windows.
7. The method for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 5, said method further comprising the step of:
performing at least one of minimizing and maximizing each of said plurality of window elements in response to adjusting each said separate alpha level of each of said plurality of window elements.
8. A system for automatic window representation adjustment, said system comprising:
a graphical user interface;
means for detecting a separate level of current activity performed by at least one component of a computer system in association with each of a plurality of window elements within said graphical interface;
means for automatically performing at least one of minimizing at least one of said plurality of window elements and maximizing at least one of said plurality of window elements as triggered by an adjustment to at least one said separate level of current activity in relation to a threshold level for said current activity, such that a representation of each of said plurality of window elements is graphically represented, wherein minimizing said window element when said separate level of current activity adjusts less than a threshold level comprises reducing said window element from a graphical window to a graphical icon representing said graphical window, wherein maximizing said window element when said separate level of current activity adjusts greater than a threshold level comprises increasing said window element from a minimized graphical icon representing said window element to a full graphical window;
means for automatically adjusting a position of each of said plurality of window elements within a z-order of a plurality of windows displayed within said graphical interface to reflect said graphical representation of each of said plurality of window elements ordered according to each said separate level of current activity; and
means for displaying within a separate window element within said graphical interface a graphical representation of each of said plurality of window elements ordered according to each said separate level of current activity.
9. The system for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 8, said means for automatically performing further comprising:
means for automatically adjusting a size of said at least one of said plurality of window elements when performing one of minimizing at least one of said plurality of window elements and maximizing at least one of said plurality of window elements to a preselected size specified by a user in a selection of preferences designated in association with performing one of minimizing at least one of said plurality of window elements and maximizing at least one of said plurality of window elements as triggered by an adjustment to at least one said separate level of current activity in relation to said threshold level for said current activity.
10. The system for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 8, said means for detecting a separate level of current activity further comprising:
means for detecting a separate level of current use of each of said plurality of window elements through user interactions with each of said plurality of window elements.
11. The system for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 8, said means for detecting a separate level of current activity further comprising:
means for detecting a transparency of each separate representation of each of said plurality of window elements.
12. The system for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 8, said system further comprising:
means for detecting each said separate level of current activity in association with each of said plurality of windows elements displayed within said graphical interface; and
means for adjusting a separate alpha level associated with each of said plurality of window elements to order said plurality of window elements to reflect each said separate level of said current activity.
13. The system for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 12, said system further comprising:
means for adjusting a separate alpha level of a selection of said plurality of window elements that are minimized representations of a plurality of windows.
14. The system for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 12, said system further comprising:
means for performing at least one of minimizing and maximizing each of said plurality of window elements in response to adjusting each said separate alpha level of each of said plurality of window elements.
15. A program for automatic window representation adjustment, residing on a computer storage medium having computer readable program code means, said program comprising:
means for detecting a separate level of current activity performed by at least one component of a computer system in association with each of a plurality of window elements within a graphical interface;
means for automatically controlling performance of at least one of minimizing at least one of said plurality of window elements and maximizing at least one of said plurality of window elements as triggered by an adjustment to at least one said separate level of current activity in relation to a threshold level for said current activity, such that a representation of each of said plurality of window elements is graphically represented, wherein minimizing said window element when said separate level of current activity adjusts less than a threshold level comprises reducing said window element from a graphical window to a graphical icon representing said graphical window, wherein maximizing said window element when said separate level of current activity adjusts greater than a threshold level comprises increasing said window element from a minimized graphical icon representing said window element to a full graphical window;
means for automatically controlling adjustment of a position of each of said plurality of window elements within a z-order of a plurality of windows displayed within said graphical interface to reflect said graphical representation of each of said plurality of window elements ordered according to each said separate level of current activity; and
means for controlling display within a separate window element within said graphical interface a graphical representation of each of said plurality of window elements ordered according to each said separate level of current activity.
16. The program for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 15, said program further comprising:
means for automatically adjusting a size of said at least one of said plurality of window elements when controlling performance of one of minimizing at least one of said plurality of window elements and maximizing at least one of said plurality of window elements to a preselected size specified by a user in a selection of preferences designated in association with performing one of minimizing at least one of said plurality of window elements and maximizing at least one of said plurality of window elements as triggered by an adjustment to at least one said separate level of current activity in relation to said threshold level for said current activity.
17. The program for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 16, said program further comprising:
means for detecting a separate level of current use of each of said plurality of window elements through user interactions with each of said plurality of window elements.
18. The program for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 15, said program further comprising:
means for detecting a transparency of each separate representation of each of said plurality of window elements.
19. The program for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 15, said program further comprising:
means for detecting each said separate level of current activity in association with each of said plurality of windows elements displayed within said graphical interface; and
means for controlling adjustment of a separate alpha level associated with each of said plurality of window elements to order said plurality of window elements to reflect each said separate level of said current activity.
20. The program for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 19, said program further comprising:
means for controlling adjustment of a separate alpha level of a selection of said plurality of window elements that are minimized representations of a plurality of windows.
21. The program for automatic window representation adjustment according to claim 19, said program further comprising:
means far controlling performance of at least one of minimizing and maximizing each of said plurality of window elements in response to adjusting each said separate alpha level of each of said plurality of window elements.