1. An apparatus for manipulating samples comprising:
an ultrasonic transducer array formed by forming a plurality of top and bottom electrodes on a top and a bottom surface of a sensor plate,
the ultrasonic transducer array being configured to generate ultrasonic energy to manipulate a plurality of samples,
the plurality of top and bottom electrodes being conductively coupled to a radio frequency source,
each of the plurality of top and bottom electrodes forming a solid shape, and
a binary Fresnel lens being formed on each of the top electrodes.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor plate comprises a piezoelectric material, and wherein the plurality of top and bottom electrodes comprises electrically conductive material.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a well plate including at least one of:
a plurality of wells on a top surface of the well plate,
a plurality of wells on a top surface of the well plate, wherein each well of the plurality of wells is shaped to form a binary Fresnel lens, and
a plurality of binary Fresnel lenses created on a bottom surface of the well plate.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the ultrasonic transducer array is coupled to the well plate via a coupling medium comprising a fluid, and wherein a coupling between the transducer and the well plate is controlled by changing an operating attribute of the radio frequency source including an operating power level.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency source generates signals in a frequency range of 0.1 MHz to 1000 MHz.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an attribute of an ultrasonic excitation created within a sample is controllable, the attribute including at least one of an intensity of the ultrasonic energy, a lateral component of an ultrasonic field, and an axial thrust of the ultrasonic field.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein at least one attribute of the ultrasonic excitation is controlled by changing an operating attribute of the radio frequency source including at least one of an operating, frequency and an operating power level.
8. An apparatus for manipulating samples comprising:
an ultrasonic transducer array formed by forming a plurality of top and bottom electrodes on a top and a bottom surface of a sensor plate,
the ultrasonic transducer array being configured to generate ultrasonic energy to manipulate a plurality of samples,
the plurality of top and bottom electrodes being conductively coupled to a radio frequency source, and
each of the plurality of top and bottom electrodes forming a pattern, the pattern comprising a sector of a plurality of concentric rings.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the sensor plate comprises a piezoelectric material, and wherein the plurality of top and bottom electrodes comprises electrically conductive material.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the sector comprises a central angle, the central angle including all angles between 0 and 360 degrees.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein curvatures of the plurality of concentric rings transform as radii of the rings increase, the curvature transformation including changing from circular curvature to one of an elliptical, a hyperbolic, or a parabolic curvature.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the curvature transformation depends on the central angle.
13. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a well plate including at least one of:
a plurality of wells on a top surface of the well plate,
a plurality of wells on a top surface of the well plate, wherein each well of the plurality of wells is shaped to form a binary Fresnel lens, and
a plurality of binary Fresnel lenses created on a bottom surface of the well plate.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the ultrasonic transducer array is coupled to the well plate via a coupling medium comprising a fluid, and wherein a coupling between the transducer and the well plate is controlled by changing an operating attribute of the radio frequency source including an operating power level.
15. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the radio frequency source generates signals in a frequency range of 0.1 MHz to 1000 MHz.
16. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein an attribute of an ultrasonic excitation created within a sample is controllable, the attribute including at least one of an intensity of the ultrasonic energy, a lateral component of an ultrasonic field, and an axial thrust of the ultrasonic field.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein at least one attribute of the ultrasonic excitation is controlled by changing an operating attribute of the radio frequency source including at least one of an operating frequency and an operating power level.
18. An apparatus for manipulating samples comprising:
an ultrasonic transducer array formed by forming a plurality of top and bottom electrodes on a top and a bottom surface of a sensor plate, the ultrasonic transducer array being configured to generate ultrasonic energy to manipulate a plurality of samples, the plurality of top and bottom electrodes being conductively coupled to a radio frequency source, and each of the plurality of top and bottom electrodes forming one of a solid shape or a pattern; and
a well plate including at least one of:
a plurality of wells on a top surface of the well plate,
a plurality of wells on a top surface of the well plate, wherein each well of the plurality of wells is shaped to form a binary Fresnel lens, and
a plurality of binary Fresnel lenses created on a bottom surface of the well plate.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the sensor plate comprises a piezoelectric material, and wherein the plurality of top and bottom electrodes comprises electrically conductive material.
20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein each of the top and bottom electrodes forms a pattern, the pattern comprising a sector of a plurality of concentric rings, the sector comprising a central angle, and the central angle including all angles between 0 and 360 degrees.
21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein curvatures of the plurality of concentric rings transform as radii of the rings increase, the curvature transformation including changing from circular curvature to one of an elliptical, a hyperbolic, or a parabolic curvature.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the curvature transformation depends on the central angle.
23. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the ultrasonic transducer array is coupled to the well plate via a coupling medium comprising a fluid, and wherein a coupling between the transducer and the well plate is controlled by changing an operating attribute of the radio frequency source including an operating power level.
24. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the radio frequency source generates signals a frequency range of 0.1 MHz to 1000 MHz.
25. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein an attribute of an ultrasonic excitation created within a sample is controllable, the attribute including at least one of an intensity of the ultrasonic energy, a lateral component of an ultrasonic field, and an axial thrust of the ultrasonic field.
26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein at least one attribute of the ultrasonic excitation is controlled by changing an operating attribute of the radio frequency source including at least one of an operating frequency and an operating power level.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A transmission circuit, comprising:
an amplitude shift modulation circuit that changes an amplitude of carrier waves based on transmission data; and
a phase control circuit that changes a phase of the carrier waves based on the transmission data.
2. The transmission circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the phase control circuit changes the phase of the carrier waves such that a peak level of a carrier wave component on a frequency axis is lowered.
3. The transmission circuit according to claim 2,
wherein the phase control circuit changes the phase of the carrier waves for each bit of the transmission data.
4. The transmission circuit according to claim 3,
wherein the phase control circuit randomly switches the phase with respect to the bit of the transmission data.
5. The transmission circuit according to claim 3,
wherein the phase control circuit alternately switches the phase with respect to Logic 1 or Logic 0 of the transmission data.
6. The transmission circuit according to claim 2,
wherein the phase control circuit changes the phase of the carrier waves for each gathering of Logics 1 or Logics 0 of the transmission data.
7. The transmission circuit according to claim 6,
wherein the phase control circuit randomly switches the phase with respect to the gathering of Logics 1 or Logics 0 of the transmission data.
8. The transmission circuit according to claim 6,
wherein the phase control circuit alternately switches the phase with respect to the gathering of Logics 1 or Logics 0 of the transmission data.
9. The transmission circuit according to claim 6,
wherein the phase control circuit switches the phase such that an emergence count of +(0 degree) becomes equal to that of \u2212(180 degrees) with respect to the gathering of Logics 1 or Logics 0 of the transmission data.
10. The transmission method according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier wave is a high-frequency signal.
11. The transmission method according to claim 10,
wherein the high-frequency signal is a millimeter waveband signal.
12. A transmission method, comprising:
changing, in transmitting transmission data using an amplitude shift modulation method for changing an amplitude of carrier waves based on the transmission data, a phase of the carrier waves based on the transmission data.
13. The transmission method according to claim 12,
wherein the carrier wave is a high-frequency signal.
14. The transmission method according to claim 13,
wherein the high-frequency signal is a millimeter waveband signal.
15. A transmission system, comprising:
a transmission circuit; and
a reception circuit that receives a signal transmitted from the transmission circuit,
the transmission circuit including
an amplitude shift modulation circuit that changes an amplitude of carrier waves based on transmission data, and
a phase control circuit that changes a phase of the carrier waves based on the transmission data.
16. The transmission system according to claim 15,
wherein the carrier wave is a high-frequency signal.
17. The transmission system according to claim 16,
wherein the high-frequency signal is a millimeter waveband signal.