1. An isolation valve for use in a subterranean well, the isolation valve comprising:
an actuator member which displaces when the isolation valve is actuated between open and closed configurations;
a closure member;
a pivot connecting the closure member to the actuator member, wherein the pivot displaces with the actuator member; and
first and second annular seats, wherein, in the closed configuration, the closure member is sealingly engaged with the first annular seat on a first side of the closure member, and the closure member is sealingly engaged with the second annular seat on a second side of the closure member opposite the first side.
2. The isolation valve of claim 1, further comprising a profile formed in the isolation valve, and wherein the profile biases the closure member from an open position to a closed position when the isolation valve is actuated from the open configuration to the closed configuration.
3. The isolation valve of claim 1, wherein the closure member comprises a flapper which pivots about the pivot when the isolation valve is actuated between the open and closed configurations.
4. The isolation valve of claim 1, wherein the first annular seat is carried on the actuator member.
5. The isolation valve of claim 1, wherein, in the closed configuration, the closure member prevents fluid flow through a passage extending longitudinally through the isolation valve, the closure member preventing the fluid flow in first and second opposite longitudinal directions through the passage.
6. An isolation valve for use in a subterranean well, the isolation valve comprising:
a pivot connecting a closure member to an actuator member which displaces when the isolation valve is actuated between open and closed configurations;
a profile formed in the isolation valve, the profile biasing the closure member from an open position to a closed position when the isolation valve is actuated from the open configuration to the closed configuration; and
wherein, in the closed configuration, the closure member is sealingly engaged with a first circumferential seat on a first side of the closure member, and the closure member is sealingly engaged with a second circumferential seat on a second side of the closure member opposite the first side.
7. The isolation valve of claim 6, wherein the pivot displaces with the actuator member when the isolation valve is actuated between the open and closed configurations.
8. The isolation valve of claim 6, wherein the closure member comprises a flapper which pivots about the pivot when the isolation valve is actuated between the open and closed configurations.
9. The isolation valve of claim 6, wherein the first circumferential seat is carried on the actuator member.
10. The isolation valve of claim 6, wherein, in the closed configuration, the closure member prevents fluid flow through a passage extending longitudinally through the isolation valve, the closure member preventing the fluid flow in first and second opposite longitudinal directions through the passage.
11. A method of actuating an isolation valve in a subterranean well, the method comprising:
during actuation of the isolation valve between open and closed configurations, simultaneously displacing an actuator member, a closure member, and a pivot which pivotably connects the closure member to the actuator member; and
during actuation of the isolation valve from the open configuration to the closed configuration, sealingly engaging the closure member with a first annular seat on a first side of the closure member, and sealingly engaging the closure member with a second annular seat on a second side of the closure member opposite the first side.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising interconnecting the isolation valve in a tubular string, the tubular string being installed in the well.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein a profile formed in the isolation valve biases the closure member from an open position to a closed position when the isolation valve is actuated from the open configuration to the closed configuration.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the closure member comprises a flapper which pivots about the pivot when the isolation valve is actuated between the open and closed configurations.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein the first annular seat is carried on the actuator member.
16. The method of claim 11, further comprising the closure member preventing fluid flow through a passage extending longitudinally through the isolation valve in the closed configuration, and the closure member preventing the fluid flow in first and second opposite longitudinal directions through the passage.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for manufacturing liquid crystal display elements comprising the steps of:
forming polarized light by the use of polarizer that has grating to separate polarized light from non-polarized light; and
irradiating thin film with the polarized light to form alignment film.
2. The method for manufacturing liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the grating is formed on a substrate that transmits ultraviolet light and is formed by the material, shape, and size that all fit to the desired wavelength of the polarized light.
3. The method for manufacturing liquid crystal display element according to claim 2, wherein the substrate that transmits ultraviolet light is made of silica glass.
4. The method for manufacturing liquid crystal display element according to claim 2, wherein the materials of the grating are silicon dioxide (SiO2), calcium fluoride (CaF), or magnesium fluoride (MgF).
5. An apparatus for optically arranging surface of alignment film comprising:
a light source;
a condenser mirror that collects radiated light from the light source,
a collimator lens or collimator mirror that generates parallel beams from the light collected by the condenser mirror;
a grating;
a polarizer that allows the parallel beam to fall on and extract polarized light from non-polarized light;
an integrator lens that uniformizes light intensity distribution of the polarized light; and
a lens that enlarges or contracts the irradiated range of the polarized light.
6. The apparatus for optically arranging surface of alignment film according to claim 5, wherein the substrate to be irradiated with polarized light is collectively irradiated with the polarized light.
7. An apparatus for optically arranging surface of alignment film comprising:
a light source;
a condenser mirror that collects radiated light from the light source,
a collimator lens or collimator mirror that generates parallel beams from the light collected by the condenser mirror;
a grating;
a polarizer that allows the parallel beam to fall on and extract polarized light from non-polarized light; and
an integrator lens that uniformizes light intensity distribution of the polarized light.
8. The apparatus for optically arranging surface of alignment film according to claim 7, wherein the substrate to be irradiated with polarized light is irradiated with the polarized light on divided area sequentially.
9. The apparatus for optically arranging surface of alignment film according to claim 5, wherein the grating is formed on a substrate that transmits ultraviolet ray and is formed by the material, shape, and size that all fit to the desired wavelength of the polarized light.
10. The apparatus for optically arranging surface of alignment film according to claim 7, wherein the grating is formed on a substrate that transmits ultraviolet ray and is formed by the material, shape, and size that all fit to the desired wavelength of the polarized light.
11. The apparatus for optically arranging surface of alignment film according to claim 9, wherein the substrate that transmits ultraviolet light is made of silica glass.