1 A method of stimulating a hydrocarbon well which has a bore leading to a hydrocarbon bearing formation, which method includes the step of introducing into the bore a fluid including a continuous phase of or including a compound of the formula (I):
(R2)pPh(CH2)mCOO(AO)nR1(I)
where
R1 is a C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl group;
AO is an alkyleneoxy group and may vary along the (poly)alkyleneoxy chain;
n 0 or from 1 to 100;
m is 0, 1 or 2; and
Ph is a phenyl group, which may be substituted with groups (R2)p; where each R2 is independently a C1 to C4 alkyl or alkoxy group; and p is 0, 1 or 2;
and thereafter carrying out well stimulation operations.
2 A method as claimed in either claim 1 wherein R1 C3 to C18 alkyl or alkenyl group.
3 A method as claimed in either claim 1 or claim 2 wherein n is 0, m is 0 and p is 0.
4 A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein wherein the carrier fluid is or includes iso-propyl benzoate, iso-stearyl benzoate andor oleyl benzoate.
5 A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the carrier fluid includes at least 10% by weight of the total carrier fluid of a compound of the formula (I).
6 A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the carrier fluid includes a blend of at least one compound of the formula (I) and at least one fatty acid ester.
7 A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the well stimulation operation is or includes acidisation andor fracturing.
8 A method of acidisation of a hydrocarbon well as claimed claim 7 which includes introducing a acidisation fluid, which is an emulsion of an aqueous solution of at least one acidising material in a continuous phase of an ester containing liquid including at least one compound of the formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, to a production zone of the well and into contact with a production formation whereby to acidise the formation.
9 A method of fracturing of a hydrocarbon well as claimed in claim 7 in which a fracturing fluid, which is an emulsion of an aqueous acid phase in a continuous phase of an ester containing liquid including at least one compound of the formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, the fluid additionally including a dispersion of solid proppant particles, is introduced into a production zone of the well and applying pressure to the fluid so as to subject the production zone to hydraulic fracturing.
10 A method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9 in which the well is an oil or gas well.
11 An acidisation fluid which is an emulsion of an aqueous solution of at least one acidising material in a continuous non-aqueous phase including at least on compound of the formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6.
12 A fracturing fluid which is an emulsion of an aqueous medium in a continuous non-aqueous phase including at least on compound of the formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, the fluid additionally including a dispersion of solid proppant particles.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of dynamically adapting flexible bandwidth in a wireless communications system, the method comprising:
identifying a first scaling factor of a first flexible bandwidth carrier;
determining a second scaling factor;
transmitting the second scaling factor to a mobile device;
transmitting at least a time or a timing period to the mobile device regarding when a bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier will be adapted from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor; and
adapting the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein adapting the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor comprises:
increasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein increasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier increases a capacity of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein adapting the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor comprises:
decreasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein decreasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier comprises at least reducing interference with one or more cells, reducing in-band interference, or conserving energy.
6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
handing over a mobile device camped on the first flexible bandwidth carrier to another bandwidth carrier before decreasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
adapting a bandwidth of a first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing a third scaling factor different from the second scaling factor.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first flexible bandwidth carrier comprises a first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier and the second scaling factor and third scaling factor are determined based on one or more traffic patterns for at least the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier or the first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
adapting a bandwidth of a second downlink flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing a fourth scaling factor; and
adapting a bandwidth of a second uplink flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing a fifth scaling factor.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
coupling at least the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier with the second downlink carrier or the second uplink flexible bandwidth carrier with the first downlink carrier.
11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
assigning at least one user to at least the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier, the second uplink flexible bandwidth carrier, the first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier, or the second downlink flexible bandwidth carrier based on at least a requirement or a need of the at least one user.
12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
changing at least a first center frequency for the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier or a second center frequency for the first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier.
13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
eschewing transmitting data to the mobile device during the timing period.
14. A wireless communications system configured for dynamically adapting flexible bandwidth, the system comprising means for identifying a first scaling factor of a first flexible bandwidth carrier;
means for identifying a first scaling factor of a first flexible bandwidth carrier;
means for determining a second scaling factor;
means for transmitting the second scaling factor to a mobile device;
means for transmitting at least a time or a timing period to the mobile device regarding when a bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier will be adapted from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor; and
means for adapting the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the means for adapting the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor comprises:
means for increasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein increasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier increases a capacity of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
17. The system of claim 14, wherein the means for adapting the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor comprises:
means for decreasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein decreasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier comprises at least reducing interference with one or more cells, reducing in-band interference, or conserving energy.
19. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
means for handing over a mobile device camped on the first flexible bandwidth carrier to another bandwidth carrier before decreasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
20. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
means for adapting a bandwidth of a first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing a third scaling factor different from the second scaling factor.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the first flexible bandwidth carrier comprises a first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier and the second scaling factor and third scaling factor are determined based on one or more traffic patterns for at least the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier or the first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier.
22. The system of claim 21, further comprising:
means for adapting a bandwidth of a second downlink flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing a fourth scaling factor; and
means for adapting a bandwidth of a second uplink flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing a fifth scaling factor.
23. The system of claim 22, further comprising:
means for coupling at least the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier with the second downlink carrier or the second uplink flexible bandwidth carrier with the first downlink carrier.
24. The system of claim 22, further comprising:
means for assigning at least one user to at least the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier, the second uplink flexible bandwidth carrier, the first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier, or the second downlink flexible bandwidth carrier based on at least a requirement or a need of the at least one user.
25. The system of claim 21, further comprising:
means for changing at least a first center frequency for the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier or a second center frequency for the first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier.
26. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
means for eschewing transmitting data to the mobile device during the timing period.
27. A computer program product for dynamically adapting flexible bandwidth in a wireless communications system comprising:
a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising:
code for identifying a first scaling factor of a first flexible bandwidth carrier;
code for determining a second scaling factor;
code for transmitting the second scaling factor to a mobile device;
code for transmitting at least a time or a timing period to the mobile device regarding when a bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier will be adapted from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor; and
code for adapting the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor.
28. The computer program product of claim 27, wherein the code for adapting the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor comprises:
code for increasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
29. The computer program product of claim 28, wherein increasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier increases a capacity of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
30. The computer program product of claim 27, wherein the code for adapting the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor comprises:
code for decreasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
31. The computer program product of claim 30, wherein decreasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier comprises at least reducing interference with one or more cells, reducing in-band interference, or conserving energy.
32. The computer program product of claim 30, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprising:
code for handing over a mobile device camped on the first flexible bandwidth carrier to another bandwidth carrier before decreasing the bandwidth the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
33. The computer program product of claim 27, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprising:
code for adapting a bandwidth of a first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing a third scaling factor different from the second scaling factor.
34. The computer program product of claim 33, wherein the first flexible bandwidth carrier comprises a first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier and the second scaling factor and third scaling factor are determined based on one or more traffic patterns for at least the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier or the first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier.
35. The computer program product of claim 34, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprising:
code for adapting a bandwidth of a second downlink flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing a fourth scaling factor; and
code for adapting a bandwidth of a second uplink flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing a fifth scaling factor.
36. The computer program product of claim 35, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprising:
code for coupling at least the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier with the second downlink carrier or the second uplink flexible bandwidth carrier with the first downlink carrier.
37. The computer program product of claim 35, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprising:
code for assigning at least one user to at least the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier, the second uplink flexible bandwidth carrier, the first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier, or the second downlink flexible bandwidth carrier based on at least a requirement or a need of the at least one user.
38. The computer program product of claim 34, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprising:
code for changing at least a first center frequency for the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier or a second center frequency for the first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier.
39. The computer program product of claim 27, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprising:
eschewing transmitting data to the mobile device during the timing period.
40. A wireless communications device configured for dynamically adapting flexible bandwidth in a wireless communications system, the device comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
identify a first scaling factor of a first flexible bandwidth carrier;
determine a second scaling factor;
transmit the second scaling factor to a mobile device;
transmit at least a time or a timing period to the mobile device regarding when a bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier will be adapted from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor; and
adapt the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor.
41. The device of claim 40, wherein the at least one processor configured to adapt the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor is configured to:
increase the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
42. The device of claim 41, wherein increasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier increases a capacity of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
43. The device of claim 40, wherein the at least one processor configured to adapt the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing the second scaling factor is configured to:
decrease the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
44. The device of claim 43, wherein decreasing the bandwidth of the first flexible bandwidth carrier comprises at least reducing interference with one or more cells, reducing in-band interference, or conserving energy.
45. The device of claim 43, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
hand over a mobile device camped on the first flexible bandwidth carrier to another bandwidth carrier before decreasing the bandwidth the first flexible bandwidth carrier.
46. The device of claim 40, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
adapt a bandwidth of a first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing a third scaling factor different from the second scaling factor.
47. The device of claim 46, wherein the first flexible bandwidth carrier comprises a first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier and the second scaling factor and third scaling factor are determined based on one or more traffic patterns for at least the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier or the first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier.
48. The device of claim 47, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
adapt a bandwidth of a second downlink flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing a fourth scaling factor; and
adapt a bandwidth of a second uplink flexible bandwidth carrier from utilizing the first scaling factor to utilizing a fifth scaling factor.
49. The device of claim 48, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
couple at least the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier with the second downlink carrier or the second uplink flexible bandwidth carrier with the first downlink carrier.
50. The device of claim 48, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
assign at least one user to at least the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier, the second uplink flexible bandwidth carrier, the first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier, or the second downlink flexible bandwidth carrier based on at least a requirement or a need of the at least one user.
51. The device of claim 47, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
change at least a first center frequency for the first uplink flexible bandwidth carrier or a second center frequency for the first downlink flexible bandwidth carrier.
52. The device of claim 40, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
eschewing transmitting data to the mobile device during the timing period.