What is claimed is:
1. An electron-emitting apparatus comprising:
an electron-emitting device including a first electrode, a second electrode that is provided so as to be insulated from the first electrode, and an electron-emitting film connected to the second electrode; and
an anode provided at a predetermined distance from the electron-emitting film,
wherein the first electrode, the second electrode, and the electron-emitting film oppose the anode,
a distance between the anode and the electron-emitting film is longer than a distance between the anode and the second electrode, and
a distance between the anode and the first electrode is longer than the distance between the anode and the electron-emitting film.
2. An electron-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a first voltage applying means for applying, to the anode, a potential that is higher than potentials applied to the first electrode and the second electrode.
3. An electron-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a second voltage applying means for applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.
4. An electron-emitting apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein when electrons are emitted from the electron-emitting film, a potential applied to the first electrode is set so as to be at least equal to a potential applied to the second electrode.
5. An electron-emitting apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein when no electrons are emitted from the electron-emitting film, a potential applied to the first electrode is set so as to be below a potential applied to the second electrode.
6. An electron-emitting apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the electron-emitting film includes carbon or a carbon compound.
7. An electron-emitting apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein said carbon or said carbon compound includes at least one of diamond like carbon, graphite, diamond, a carbon nanotube, a graphitic nanofiber, and fullerene.
8. An electron source that is formed by arranging a plurality of electron-emitting apparatuses of any one of claims 1 to 7 and emits electrons from at least one of the plurality of electron-emitting apparatuses according to an input signal.
9. An image-forming apparatus comprising:
the electron source of claim 8; and
an image forming member on which an image is formed by irradiation with electrons emitted from the electron source.
10. An electron-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode arranged on a surface of a substrate;
an insulating layer arranged on the first electrode;
a second electrode arranged on the insulating layer; and
an electron-emitting film arranged on the second electrode,
wherein the second electrode has two side surfaces that oppose each other in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate, and the electron-emitting film is arranged so as to be shifted close to one of the two side surfaces.
11. An electron-emitting device according to claim 10,
wherein the electron-emitting film is an aggregate of fibers whose main ingredients are carbon.
12. An electron-emitting device according to claim 11,
wherein each fiber whose main ingredient is carbon is one of a carbon nanotube and a graphite nanofiber.
13. An electron-emitting device according to claim 11,
wherein each fiber whose main ingredient is carbon includes a graphene.
14. An electron-emitting device according to claim 11,
wherein each fiber whose main ingredient is carbon includes a plurality of graphenes.
15. An electron-emitting device according to claim 14,
wherein the plurality of graphenes are laminated in an axial direction of the fiber.
16. An electron-emitting device according to claim 11,
wherein electrons are emitted from the electron-emitting film when a potential applied to the first electrode is set so as to be at least equal to a potential applied to the second electrode.
17. An electron-emitting device according to claim 11,
wherein no electrons are emitted from the electron-emitting film when a potential applied to the first electrode is set so as to be below a potential applied to the second electrode.
18. An electron source in which are arranged a plurality of electron-emitting devices of any one of claims 11 to 17.
19. An image-forming apparatus comprising:
the electron source of claim 18; and
a phosphor.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An open source printer driver method, the method comprising:
accepting a printer driver customization command;
modifying a default printer driver algorithm in response to the customization command; and,
building a print job in a printer-ready format using the modified printer driver algorithm.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
accepting an electronically formatted document;
wherein accepting a printer driver customization command includes accepting an addendum file attached to the document;
wherein modifying a printer driver algorithm in response to the customization command includes:
creating a user interface (UI) for the selection of print options; and,
supplying auxiliary print options from the addendum file; and,
wherein building a print job in a printer-ready format using the modified printer &river algorithm includes building the print job using the auxiliary print options.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein building the print job using the auxiliary print options includes:
selecting first and second portions of the document;
using the auxiliary print options to build the document first portion; and,
using default print options to build the document second portion.
4. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
deleting the addendum file after the print job is built.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein accepting an addendum file attached to an electronically formatted document includes accepting an addendum file with auxiliary print options selected from the group including booklet, pamphlet, n-up, margin selections, media type, number of copies, output size, and overlay.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein accepting a printer driver customization command includes using an application programming interface (API) to accept an executable code plug-in module; and,
wherein modifying a printer driver algorithm in response to the customization command includes replacing a printer driver executable code default module with the executable code plug-in module.
7. The method of claim 6 further comprising:
accepting an electronically formatted document;
wherein building a print job in a printer-ready format using the modified printer driver algorithm includes:
using the executable code plug-in module to analyze document content; and,
building the print job in response to the analysis.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein using the executable code plug-in module to analyze document content includes analyzing content selected from the group including photo, graphics, and text content.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein building the print job in response to the analysis includes choosing image processing elements selected from the group including threshold arrays, device profiles, image processing plug-ins, media, inks, fonts, image size, and resolution.
10. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
reinstalling the executable code default module after the print job is built.
11. The method of claim 7 wherein building a print job in a printer-ready format using the modified printer driver algorithm includes:
selecting first and second portions of the document;
building a first portion of the print job using the executable code plug-in module to analyze the content of the document first portion; and,
building a second portion of the print job using the executable code default module to analyze the content of the document second portion.
12. The method of claim 2 wherein accepting an addendum file attached to the document includes accepting a printer-specific command file with the addendum file; and,
sending the print job, with the printer-specific command file, to a printer.
13. The method of claim 2 wherein accepting an electronically formatted document includes accepting a document from an application selected from the group including MSWord, MSExcel, MSPowerPoint, MSPaint, web applications that display on monitors, digital image processing applications such as, Adobe Photoshop, ImageReady, Adobe Illustrator, and FrameMaker.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein building the print job in a printer-ready format includes building the print job in a format selected from the group including a page description language (PDL) and printer job language (PJL).
15. The method of claim 6 further comprising:
establishing the executable code plug-in module as the new printer driver executable code default module.
16. An open source printer driver system, the system comprising:
a source control module having an interface to accept a printer driver customization command and an interface to supply a modified printer driver algorithm in response to the customization command; and,
a format module having an interface connected to the source control module and a printer interface supplying a print job in a printer-ready format using the modified printer driver algorithm.
17. The system of claim 16 further comprising:
a user interface (UI) module to supply print options and accept print option selections;
wherein the format module has an interface to accept an electronically formatted document;
wherein the source control module accepts an addendum file customization command attached to the document, supplies auxiliary print options to the UI module from the addendum file, and relays auxiliary print option selections from the UI module, to the format module; and,
wherein the format module builds the print job using the auxiliary print option selections.
18. The system of claim 17 further comprising:
a default module having an interface connected to the source control module to supply default print options;
wherein UI supplies default and auxiliary print options and accepts default and auxiliary print option selections;
wherein the source control module relays selected auxiliary and default print options to the format module; and,
wherein the format module builds a first portion of the document using the auxiliary print option selections and builds a second portion of the document using the default print option selections.
19. The system of claim 17 wherein the source control module deletes the addendum file after the print job is built.
20. The system of claim 17 wherein the source control module accepts an addendum file with auxiliary print options selected from the group including booklet, pamphlet, n-up, margin selections, media type, number of copies, output size, and overlay.
21. The system of claim 16 wherein the source control module uses an application programming interface (API) to accept an executable code plug-in module and supplies executable code from the plug-in module to the format module; and,
wherein the format module has an interface to accept data, the format module processing the data using the executable code from the plug-in module and building the print job using the processed data.
22. The system of claim 21 wherein the format module has an interface to accept an electronically formatted document, uses the executable code from the plug-in module to analyze document content, and builds the print job in response to the analysis.
23. The system of claim 22 wherein the format module analyzes document content selected from the group including photo, graphics, and text content.
24. The system of claim 22 wherein the format module analyzes document content and chooses image processing elements selected from the group including threshold arrays, device profiles, image processing plug-ins, media, inks, fonts, image size, and resolution.
25. The system of claim 22 wherein the source control module erases the executable code plug-in module after the print job is built.
26. The system of claim 22 further comprising:
at least one executable code default module having an interface connected to the source control module to supply default executable code;
wherein the format module builds the first portion of the print job using the executable code from the plug-in module to analyze the content of a document first portion, and builds a second portion of the print job using the executable code from the default module.
27. The system of claim 17 wherein the source control module accepts a printer-specific command file with the addendum file and relays the printer-specific command file to the format module; and,
wherein the format module sends the print job, with the printer-specific command file, to a printer.
28. The system of claim 17 wherein the format module accepts an electronically formatted document from an application selected from the group including MSWord, MSExcel, MSPowerPoint, MSPaint, web applications that display on monitors, digital image processing applications such as, Adobe Photoshop, ImageReady, Adobe Illustrator, and FrameMaker.
29. The system of claim 16 wherein the format module formats the print job in a format selected from the group including a page description language (PDL) and printer job language (PJL).
30. The system of claim 21 wherein the executable code plug-in module is established to supply default executable code to the source control module.