1. A start-up method for a fuel cell system that includes a fuel cell that carries out power generation by the electrochemical reaction between a fuel gas and the oxygen gas in the air; a fuel gas discharge path and a fuel gas supply path that are connected to the fuel cell; a fuel gas circulation path that connects the fuel gas discharge path to the fuel gas supply path; and a purge valve provided on the fuel gas circulation path in order to discharge the circulating fuel gas from the fuel gas circulation path, the method comprising the steps of:
supplying the fuel gas to the fuel cell and opening the purge valve so that the nitrogen gas that originates in the air and is present in the fuel gas circulation path is replaced by the fuel gas; and
closing the purge valve after the nitrogen gas in the fuel gas circulation path has been replaced by the fuel gas;
wherein the timing of the closing of the purge valve is determined depending on the duration of the fuel cell stoppage.
2. A star-up method for a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the duration of the fuel cell stoppage is estimated based on the temperature of the fuel cell.
3. A start-up method for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the duration of the fuel cell stoppage is estimated based on the voltage of the fuel cell.
4. A start-up method of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the timing of the closing of the purge valve is determined depending on the concentration of the fuel gas included in the discharge gas from the fuel gas circulation path.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A lubricating composition, comprising:
a major portion of a lubricating base oil, and an additive composition comprising:
(1) an alkylated diphenylamine,
(2) a monoglyceride, an ethoxylated amide or mixtures thereof, and
(3) a polyamine dispersant,
wherein the lubricating composition is free of molybdenum, and wherein the phosphorus level in the lubricating composition is from 0 to less than 0.08 mass %.
2. The lubricating composition of claim 1, further comprising phosphorus at between about 0.01 up to 0.08 mass %.
3. The lubricating composition of claim 2, comprising phosphorus at about 0.03-0.07 mass %.
4. The lubricating composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricating composition is free of phosphorus.
5. The lubricating composition of claim 1, wherein the additive composition is present at about 1.1 to about 14.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.
6. The lubricating composition of claim 5, wherein the additive composition is present at about 2.0 to about 7.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.
7. The lubricating composition of claim 1, wherein component (1) is present at about 0.1 to about 2.5 mass % of the lubricating composition.
8. The lubricating composition of claim 7, wherein component (1) is present at about 0.25 to about 1.5 mass % of the lubricating composition.
9. The lubricating composition of claim 1, wherein component (1) is present at about 0.50 to about 1.5 mass % of the lubricating composition.
10. The lubricating composition of claim 1, wherein component (2) is present at about 0.05 to about 2.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.
11. The lubricating composition of claim 10, wherein component (2) is present at about 0.1 to about 1.5 mass % of the lubricating composition.
12. The lubricating composition of claim 11, wherein component (2) is present at about 0.15 to about 1.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.
13. The lubricating composition of claim 1, wherein component (3) is present at about 1.0 to about 9.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.
14. The lubricating composition of claim 13, wherein component (3) is present at about 4.0 to about 7.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.
15. The lubricating composition of claim 14, wherein component (3) is present at about 2.0 to about 5.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.
16. A lubricating composition, comprising:
a major portion of a lubricating base oil, and an additive composition comprising:
(1) an alkylated diphenylamine,
(2) a borated monoglyceride, a borated ethoxylated amide or mixtures thereof, and
(3) a polyamine dispersant,
wherein the lubricating composition is free of molybdenum, and wherein the phosphorus level in the lubricating composition is from 0 to less than 0.08 mass %.
17. The lubricating composition of claim 16, further comprising phosphorus at between about 0.01 up to 0.08 mass %.
18. The lubricating composition of claim 17, comprising phosphorus at about 0.03-0.07 mass %.
19. The lubricating composition of claim 16, wherein the lubricating composition is free of phosphorus.
20. The lubricating composition of claim 16, wherein the additive composition is present at about 1.1 to about 14.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.
21. The lubricating composition of claim 20, wherein the additive composition is present at about 2.0 to about 7.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.
22. The lubricating composition of claim 16, wherein component (1) is present at about 0.1 to about 2.5 mass % of the lubricating composition.
23. The lubricating composition of claim 22, wherein component (1) is present at about 0.25 to about 1.5 mass % of the lubricating composition.
24. The lubricating composition of claim 16, wherein component (1) is present at about 0.25 to about 1.5 mass % of the lubricating composition.
25. The lubricating composition of claim 16, wherein component (2) is present at about 0.05 to about 2.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.
26. The lubricating composition of claim 25, wherein component (2) is present at about 0.1 to about 1.5 mass % of the lubricating composition.
27. The lubricating composition of claim 26, wherein component (2) is present at about 0.15 to about 1.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.
28. The lubricating composition of claim 16, wherein component (3) is present at about 1.0 to about 9.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.
29. The lubricating composition of claim 28, wherein component (3) is present at about 4.0 to about 7.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.
30. The lubricating composition of claim 29, wherein component (3) is present at about 2.0 to about 5.0 mass % of the lubricating composition.